The role of ferroptosis in colorectal cancer and its potential synergy with immunotherapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies worldwide. Recently, ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, has garnered significant attention from researchers. The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, including intracellular iron levels, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system regulation, offer new insights into cancer treatment strategies.

Eosinophil is a predictor of severe immune-related adverse events induced by ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Introduction: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors are difficult to predict and can lead to severe events. Although it is important to develop strategies for the early detection of severe irAEs, there is a lack of evidence on irAEs associated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between eosinophil and severe irAEs in patients receiving ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for RCC.

Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy without locoregional radiotherapy in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: two case reports and a literature review.

Background: There is no consensus regarding the optimal regimen for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dmNPC). Locoregional intensity modulated radiotherapy (LRRT) following palliative chemotherapy (PCT) has been shown to prolong the overall survival (OS) and improve the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with dmNPC, compared with PCT alone. However, patients with a high tumor burden do not benefit from additional LRRT, which inevitably results in toxicity.

Exploring the ROS-mediated anti-cancer potential in human triple-negative breast cancer by garlic bulb extract: A source of therapeutically active compounds.

Background And Aim: L. has been used medicinally and traditionally since antiquity. This study sought to examine the ethanolic extract (ASEE) in inducing apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and the molecular interactions of the identified components with cell death markers using method.

Urolithin A increases the natural killer activity of PBMCs in patients with prostate cancer.

Background: The natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a crucial defense against the onset and spread of cancer. Studies have shown that patients with reduced NK activity are more susceptible to cancer, and NK activity tends to decrease due to cancer-induced immune suppression. Enhancing the natural cytotoxicity of PBMCs remains a significant task in cancer research.

Exploration of the mechanism of tetramethoxyflavone in treating osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of TMF (5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Materials And Methods: Databases including SwissTargetPrediction, BATMAN-TCM, PharmMapper, TargetNet, SuperPred, and SEA were utilized to screen the targets of TMF. "OA" was used as the disease keyword to predict OA-related genes through GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database, PharmGKB, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.

Combination adjuvant improves influenza virus immunity by downregulation of immune homeostasis genes in lymphocytes.

Adjuvants play a central role in enhancing the immunogenicity of otherwise poorly immunogenic vaccine antigens. Combining adjuvants has the potential to enhance vaccine immunogenicity compared with single adjuvants, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of combination adjuvants are not well understood. Using the influenza virus hemagglutinin H5 antigen, we define the immunological landscape of combining CpG and MPLA (TLR-9 and TLR-4 agonists, respectively) with a squalene nanoemulsion (AddaVax) using immunologic and transcriptomic profiling.

Didymin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells by Modulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of didymin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside, on GC treatment. Human GC cell lines Hs-746T and AGS were used to assess the effects of didymin on cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell cycle.

Outcomes in stage IIA versus stage IIB/III in the PALLAS trial [ABCSG-42/AFT-05/PrE0109/BIG-14-13]).

Background: The PALLAS trial investigated the addition of palbociclib to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy to reduce breast cancer recurrence. This pre-specified analysis was conducted to determine whether adjuvant palbociclib benefited patients diagnosed with lower risk stage IIA disease compared to those with higher stage disease.

Methods: PALLAS was an international, multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III trial, representing a public-private partnership between Pfizer, the Austrian Breast Cancer Study Group, and the U.

WT1-mRNA dendritic cell vaccination of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, malignant pleural mesothelioma, metastatic breast cancer, and other solid tumors: type 1 T-lymphocyte responses are associated with clinical outcome.

Cell therapies, including tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells used as therapeutic cancer vaccines, offer treatment options for patients with malignancies. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, immunogenicity, and clinical activity of adjuvant vaccination with Wilms' tumor protein (WT1) mRNA-electroporated autologous dendritic cells (WT1-mRNA/DC) in a single-arm phase I/II clinical study of patients with advanced solid tumors receiving standard therapy. Disease status and immune reactivity were evaluated after 8 weeks and 6 months.

Development and validation of a prediction model for chronic post-surgical pain risk: a single-center prospective study of video-assisted thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery.

Background: Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a common complication following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients. Although multiple risk factors have been identified, no systematically validated prediction model exists to guide clinical decision-making.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for CPSP in patients undergoing VATS for lung cancer.

From bench to bedside: elucidating VEGF(R) inhibitor-related heart failure in cancer treatment.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors play a pivotal role in treating various tumors; however, the clinical characteristics and molecular mechanisms of their associated heart failure (HF) remain incompletely understood.

Methods: We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of VEGF or VEGFR inhibitors [VEGF(R)i]-related heart failure (VirHF) using the global pharmacovigilance database Vigibase. The phenotypic features and molecular mechanisms of VirHF were characterized using VEGF(R)i-treated mouse models through a combination of echocardiography, histopathological analysis, and transcriptome sequencing.

Comparison of the two treatment methods in primary hyperparathyroidism due to solitary parathyroid adenoma, Ultrasound-guided percutaneous alcohol ablation vs. parathyroidectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the third most common endocrine system disorder. Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the gold standard of care in symptomatic patients. Patients who are not surgical candidates may benefit from percutaneous ethanol ablation, which is a minimally invasive procedure.

Successful treatment with efgartigimod as an add-on therapy for acute attack of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case report.

Background: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune, antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the brain characterized by the presence of IgG antibodies targeting the excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Previous research has established that the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) regulates the transport and circulation of immunoglobulins (IgG). Efgartigimod, an FcRn antagonist, has been shown to enhance patient outcomes by promoting IgG clearance, and it has exhibited substantial clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

The impact of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventive behaviors for gastric cancer in obese and smoking individuals.

Background: Gastric cancer remains a significant global health issue due to its aggressive nature and high heterogeneity, making early detection and prevention critical. Obesity and smoking are established risk factors that significantly contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Despite the clear links between these risk factors and the disease, there is a lack of targeted educational interventions that address these behaviors.

Baseline [F]FDG PET/CT radiomics for predicting interim efficacy in follicular lymphoma treated with first-line R-CHOP.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of machine learning-based PET/CT radiomics and clinical risk factors in predicting interim efficacy in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from 97 patients with FL diagnosed via histopathological examination between July 2012 and November 2023. Lesion segmentation was performed using LIFEx software, and radiomics features were extracted through the uAI Research Portal (uRP) platform, including first-order features, shape features, and texture features.

High output stoma after surgery for rectal cancer - a risk factor for low anterior resection syndrome?

Purpose: The relationship between high-output stoma (HOS) and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) was previously unclear. This study investigated the association between HOS and major LARS in rectal cancer patients with preventive stoma.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 653 rectal cancer patients who underwent prophylactic ileostomy reversal after low anterior resection at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2018 and 2021.

Stromal PDGFR-beta expression is a prognostic factor in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients but is it also predictive for response to antiangiogenic treatment?

Objective: In advanced ovarian cancer, the majority of patients receive anti-angiogenic treatment with bevacizumab. However, its use is often associated with severe side effects, and not all patients benefit from the therapy. Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers to predict response to treatment.

Hormone circuit explains why most HPA drugs fail for mood disorders and predicts the few that work.

Elevated cortisol in chronic stress and mood disorders causes morbidity including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. There is therefore interest in developing drugs that lower cortisol by targeting its endocrine pathway, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, several promising HPA-modulating drugs have failed to reduce long-term cortisol in mood disorders, despite effectiveness in other hypercortisolism conditions such as Cushing's syndrome.

The efficacy and safety of Bevacizumab-based treatments in Optic Pathway Glioma among pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The optimal therapeutic intervention for pediatrics with optic pathway glioma (OPG) remained controversial in the literature. Recently, due to substantial adverse events (AEs) of chemotherapy and its impact on children's lives, the efficacy of other options has been investigated. Bevacizumab (BVZ) is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent that alters the lesion microenvironment.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR Targeting in Colorectal Cancer Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Background: Radioresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and impairs the efficacy of radiotherapy. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays a critical role in CRC and contributes to the development of radioresistance. Accordingly, targeting this signaling pathway may be a promising strategy to improve oncotherapy.

Pharmacological and structural insights into nanvuranlat, a selective LAT1 (SLC7A5) inhibitor, and its N-acetyl metabolite with implications for cancer therapy.

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5), overexpressed in various cancers, mediates the uptake of essential amino acids crucial for tumor growth. It has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy. Nanvuranlat (JPH203/KYT-0353), a LAT1 inhibitor, has shown antitumor activity in preclinical studies and efficacy in biliary tract cancer during clinical trials.

Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles induce cell death, genomic instability, oxidative stress and apoptotic gene dysregulation on human HepG2 cells.

Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (Ca(OH)NPs) possess potent antimicrobial activities and unique physical and chemical properties, making them valuable across various fields. However, limited information exists regarding their effects on genomic DNA integrity and their potential to induce apoptosis in normal and cancerous human cell lines. This study thus aimed to evaluate the impact of Ca(OH)NPs on cell viability, genomic DNA integrity, and oxidative stress induction in human normal skin fibroblasts (HSF) and cancerous hepatic (HepG2) cells.

LINC00626 drives tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells by interaction with UPF1.

Although tamoxifen is commonly utilized as adjuvant therapy for Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer patients, approximately 30-50% of individuals treated with tamoxifen experience relapse. Therefore, it is essential to investigate additional factors besides ERα that influence the estrogen response. In this study, cross-analysis of databases were performed, and the results revealed a significant association between LINC00626 and ERα signaling as well as increased expression levels of this gene in tamoxifen-resistant cells.

Contributing factors to postoperative surgical site infections in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal resection.

Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs), often treated via endonasal transsphenoidal resection, present a risk for postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs), including intracranial infections such as meningitis. Identifying the risk factors associated with these infections is crucial for improving surgical outcomes and patient care. A retrospective study was conducted at a medical center from June 2020 to June 2023.