Longitudinal evolution of the transdiagnostic prodrome to severe mental disorders: a dynamic temporal network analysis informed by natural language processing and electronic health records.

Modelling the prodrome to severe mental disorders (SMD), including unipolar mood disorders (UMD), bipolar mood disorders (BMD) and psychotic disorders (PSY), should consider both the evolution and interactions of symptoms and substance use (prodromal features) over time. Temporal network analysis can detect causal dependence between and within prodromal features by representing prodromal features as nodes, with their connections (edges) indicating the likelihood of one feature preceding the other. In SMD, node centrality could reveal insights into important prodromal features and potential intervention targets.

A large histological images dataset of gastric cancer with tumour microenvironment annotation for AI.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Its clinical course varies considerably due to the highly heterogeneous tumour microenvironment (TME). Decomposing the complex TME from histological images into its constituent parts is crucial for evaluating its patterns and enhancing GC therapies.

Association between nutritional status, daily nutrition delivery and clinical outcomes of critically ill adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a protocol for Isfahan multicentre prospective observational cohort ICU study (the Isfahan-ICU study).

Introduction: There is currently limited information regarding the association between the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score, nutrition delivery and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) section.

Methods And Analysis: The Isfahan-ICU study is a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study that will be conducted on critically ill adults treated in the trauma or medical ICU sections of six hospitals to investigate whether clinical outcomes, including length of ICU stay and 30-day survival, vary by the mNUTRIC score at admission or the 7-day nutrition delivery. This paper outlines the Isfahan-ICU study protocol approved by the ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Grocery intervention and DNA-based assessment to improve diet quality in pediatric obesity: a pilot randomized controlled study.

Objective: We assessed the impact of a food-provisioning intervention on diet quality in children with obesity.

Methods: Participants (n = 33, aged 6-11 years) were randomly assigned to either usual care (intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment) or intervention (usual care + food provisioning; high-fiber, low-dairy diet) for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in child diet quality at Week 4.

Dapagliflozin plus calorie restriction for remission of type 2 diabetes: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of dapagliflozin plus calorie restriction on remission of type 2 diabetes.

Design: Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Setting: 16 centres in mainland China from 12 June 2020 to 31 January 2023.

Circulating proteomic profiles are associated with type 2 diabetes in Asian populations - a longitudinal study.

Context: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global concern, with Asia at its epicenter in recent years. Proteins, products of gene transcription, serve as dynamic biomarkers for pinpointing perturbed pathways in disease development. Previous T2D proteomic association studies primarily focused on European populations.

Artificial intelligence-based, non-invasive assessment of the central aortic pressure in adults after operative or interventional treatment of aortic coarctation.

Background: Aortic coarctation (CoA) is a congenital anomaly leading to upper-body hypertension and lower-body hypotension. Despite surgical or interventional treatment, arterial hypertension may develop and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Conventional blood pressure (BP) measurement methods lack precision for individual diagnoses and therapeutic decisions.

Association between use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the association between sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) use and the risk of incident dementia compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) use among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database from the UK.

Comprehensive Genome Profiling for Treatment Decisions in Patients with Metastatic Tumors: Real-World Evidence Meta-Analysis and Registry Data Implementation.

Background: Although precision oncology has rapidly been developed in recent years, its real-world impact and challenges in healthcare implementation remain underexplored. Through a meta-analysis of real-world evidence (RWE), we aimed at investigating the applicability and clinical impact of comprehensive cancer genome profiling (CGP) in cancer patients with metastatic solid tumors.

Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science for RWE studies on CGP and matched therapies in metastatic solid tumors (publication period: 2012-2023).

Predictors of failure of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement: a retrospective study in a tertiary care center in the USA.

Background /aims: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is a common procedure used to initiate enteral feeding. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies that analyze predictors of PEG failure. This study aims to identify risk factors for failure of inpatient PEG placement.

B-cell infiltration distinguishes mucosal from skin patterns of rejection in facial vascularized composite allografts.

Rejection monitoring in facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (fVCA) traditionally focuses on skin biopsies. However, mucosal rejection frequently presents with more pronounced signs of immune activity. To explore mechanistic differences between skin and mucosal rejection, rejection and non-rejection biopsies from allograft skin and oral mucosa of nine fVCA recipients were retrospectively analyzed using histology, multiplex immunostaining, and gene expression profiling, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) quantified via mass cytometry (CyTOF).

A global overview of shared genetic architecture between smoking behaviors and major depressive disorder in European and East Asian ancestry.

Background: The co-occurrence of smoking behaviors and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been widely documented in populations. However, the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear.

Methods: Genome-wide association studies of smoking behaviors and MDD, combined with multi-omics datasets, were usedto characterise genetic correlations, identify shared loci and genes, and explore underlying biological mechanisms.

Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation in Stroke: A Phase I Safety & Feasibility Trial.

Objective: We aim to determine the maximum safe spatial-peak pulse-average intensity (I) of low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) in stroke patients and explore its effect on motor learning and corticospinal excitability.

Methods: We adopted the classic 3+3 design to escalate I (estimated in-vivo transcranial value) from 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, to 8 W/cm. Stopping rules were pre-defined: 2-degree scalp burn, clinical seizure, new lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging or major reduction in apparent diffusion coefficient, and participant discontinuation due to any reason.

Associations between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and its constituents with lung cancer incidence: Evidence from a prospective cohort study in Beijing, China.

Association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and lung cancer incidence is well-documented. However, the role of different PM constituents [black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH), nitrate (NO), organic matter (OM), and inorganic sulfate (SO)] remain unclear. The study aimed to specify the associations between PM constituents and lung cancer incidence.

The impact of recreational cannabis retailer allocation on emergency department visits: A natural experiment utilizing lottery design.

Background: In October 2018, Canada legalized recreational cannabis, with Ontario distributing retailer licenses through a lottery system in 2019. This study investigates the impact of recreational cannabis retailer allocation on emergency department (ED) visits related to cannabis, alcohol, and opioids.

Method: A longitudinal study of 278 communities in Ontario (proxied by Forward Sortation Areas, FSAs) was conducted using health administrative data from ICES for all Ontario residents covered by public health insurance.

Deciphering the bidirectional impact of leukocyte telomere length on multiple sclerosis progression: A Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have suggested a link between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and multiple sclerosis (MS) progression, but the causal relationship remains uncertain. This study investigates the causal association between LTL and MS progression using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. We analyzed genome-wide association summary statistics data from 472,174 individuals for LTL and 12,584 MS patients for disease progression.

Hemodialysis Outcomes Score In Trauma (HOST): A novel and easy model for predicting death in patients receiving pre-injury hemodialysis.

Introduction: We sought to construct a simple clinical mortality prediction model in trauma patients that required pre-injury hemodialysis: Hemodialysis Outcomes Score in Trauma (HOST).

Methods: Trauma patients on pre-injury hemodialysis admitted between July 2013 to December 2021 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariable analysis was used to determine independent predictors of mortality and construct the HOST score.

Emerging of non-vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes colonizing the nasopharynx of children under the age of five years in the 13-vallent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Moshi district, Tanzania. A short communication.

In this study, we describe S. pneumoniae serotype distribution before and after PCV13 rollout in Tanzania. We serotyped S.

The status of serum 25(OH)D levels is related to breast cancer.

Aim: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in this population. Numerous factors have been identified as either risk factors or protective factors for breast cancer. However, the role of Vitamin D (Vit.

Patient Voices: Multimethod Study on the Feasibility of Implementing Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in a Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Background: "Patient Voices" is a software developed to promote the systematic collection of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) in routine oncology clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to assess compliance with and feasibility of the Patient Voices ePROM system and analyze patient-related barriers in an Italian comprehensive cancer center.

Methods: Consecutive patients with cancer attending 3 outpatient clinics and 3 inpatient wards were screened for eligibility (adults, native speakers, and being able to fill in the ePROMs) and enrolled in a quantitative and qualitative multimethod study.

Additive Value of Polygenic Risk Score to Family History for Type 2 Diabetes Prediction: Results From the All of Us Research Database.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the additive value of considering type 2 diabetes (T2D) polygenic risk score (PRS) in addition to family history for T2D prediction.

Research Design And Methods: Data were obtained from the All of Us (AoU) research database. First-degree T2D family history was self-reported on the personal family history health questionnaire.