Multiorgan ultrastructural changes in rats induced in synthetic torpor.

Torpor is a state used by several mammals to survive harsh winters and avoid predation, characterized by a drastic reduction in metabolic rate followed by a decrease in body temperature, heart rate, and many physiological variables. During torpor, all organs and systems must adapt to the new low-energy expenditure conditions to preserve physiological homeostasis. These adaptations may be exploited in a translational perspective in several fields.

ENFORCER, internet-based interventions for cardiac arrest survivors: A study protocol for a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre clinical trial.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major health concern in Europe, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Survivors often suffer from cognitive deficits, anxiety, and depression, that affect significantly their quality of life. Current post-discharge care is inconsistent and frequently overlooks subtle but disabling symptoms.

Diagnostic value of plasma p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP in a clinical setting cohort of prevalent neurodegenerative dementias.

Background: Increasing evidence supports the use of plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation to screen and diagnose patients with dementia. However, confirmatory studies are required to demonstrate their usefulness in the clinical setting.

Methods: We evaluated plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from consecutive patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n = 59), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (n = 31), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) (n = 29), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 49), Alzheimer disease (AD) (n = 97), and suspected non-AD physiopathology (n = 51), as well as plasma samples from 60 healthy controls (HC).

Hands-feet wireless devices: Test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of motor measures in Parkinson's disease telemonitoring.

Background: Telemonitoring, a branch of telemedicine, involves the use of technological tools to remotely detect clinical data and evaluate patients. Telemonitoring of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) should be performed using reliable and discriminant motor measures. Furthermore, the method of data collection and transmission, and the type of subjects suitable for telemonitoring must be well defined.

Occurrence, associated factors and soft tissue reconstructive therapy for buccal soft tissue dehiscence at dental implants: Consensus report of group 3 of the DGI/SEPA/Osteology Workshop.

Objectives: To systematically assess the literature and report on (1) the frequency of occurrence of buccal soft tissue dehiscence (BSTD) at implants, (2) factors associated with the occurrence of BSTD and (3) treatment outcomes of reconstructive therapy for the coverage of BSTD.

Materials And Methods: Two systematic reviews addressing focused questions related to implant BSTD occurrence, associated factors and the treatment outcomes of BSTD coverage served as the basis for group discussions and the consensus statements. The main findings of the systematic reviews, consensus statements and implications for clinical practice and for future research were formulated within group 3 and were further discussed and reached final approval within the plenary session.

Genetics in psychiatry: Methods, clinical applications and future perspectives.

Psychiatric disorders and related traits have a demonstrated genetic component, with heritability estimated by twin studies generally between 80% and 40%. Their pathogenesis is complex and multi-determined: environmental factors interact with a polygenic architecture, making difficult the development of models able to stratify patients or predict mental health outcomes. Despite this difficult challenge, relevant progress has been made in the field of psychiatric genetics in recent years.

Precision medicine in mood disorders.

The choice of the most appropriate psychoactive medication for each of our patients is always a challenge. We can use more than 100 psychoactive drugs in the treatment of mood disorders, which can be prescribed either alone or in combination. Response and tolerability problems are common, and much trial and error is often needed before achieving a satisfactory outcome.

Diagnostic and prognostic performance of CSF α-synuclein in prion disease in the context of rapidly progressive dementia.

Introduction: Surrogate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration still have a central role in the first-line screening of patients with suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Recently, CSF α-synuclein, a marker of synaptic damage, showed a close to optimal performance in distinguishing between CJD and other neurodegenerative dementias.

Methods: We evaluated the diagnostic value of CSF α-synuclein in patients with prion disease, non-prion rapidly progressive dementias, and non-neurodegenerative controls.

Drug Delivery (Nano)Platforms for Oral and Dental Applications: Tissue Regeneration, Infection Control, and Cancer Management.

The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally-administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow.

Clinical Correlates of Functional Motor Disorders: An Italian Multicenter Study.

Background: Functional motor disorders (FMDs) are abnormal movements that are significantly altered by distractive maneuvers and are incongruent with movement disorders seen in typical neurological diseases.

Objective: The objectives of this article are to (1) describe the clinical manifestations of FMDs, including nonmotor symptoms and occurrence of other functional neurological disorders (FND); and (2) to report the frequency of isolated and combined FMDs and their relationship with demographic and clinical variables.

Methods: For this multicenter, observational study, we enrolled consecutive outpatients with a definite diagnosis of FMDs attending 25 tertiary movement disorders centers in Italy.

Mild malformations of cortical development in sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy due to mutations.

Mutations in the sodium-activated potassium channel gene have been associated with nonlesional sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE). We report the co-occurrence of mild malformation of cortical development (mMCD) and mutations in four patients with SHE. Focal cortical dysplasia type I was neuropathologically diagnosed after epilepsy surgery in three unrelated MRI-negative patients, periventricular nodular heterotopia was detected in one patient by MRI.

Antemortem CSF A42/A40 ratio predicts Alzheimer's disease pathology better than A42 in rapidly progressive dementias.

Objective: Despite the critical importance of pathologically confirmed samples for biomarker validation, only a few studies have correlated CSF A42 values in vivo with postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, while none evaluated the CSF A42/A40 ratio. We compared CSF A42 and A42/A40 ratio as biomarkers predicting AD neuropathological changes in patients with a short interval between lumbar puncture and death.

Methods: We measured CSF A40 and A42 and assessed AD pathology in 211 subjects with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) and a definite postmortem diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( = 159), AD ( = 12), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB,  = 4), AD/DLB mixed pathologies ( = 5), and various other pathologies ( = 31).

Two novel truncating mutations broaden the spectrum of prion amyloidosis.

Truncating mutations in have been associated with heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from chronic diarrhea and neuropathy to dementia, either rapidly or slowly progressive. We identified novel stop-codon mutations (p.Y163X, p.

Simple and rapid validated HPLC-fluorescence determination of perampanel in the plasma of patients with epilepsy.

We present a simple and fast high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for the determination of the antiepileptic drug perampanel in human plasma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex PFP (100 × 2.6 mm, 4.

Novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of rotigotine in the plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease.

A novel ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of the dopamine receptor agonist rotigotine in human plasma. Following liquid-liquid extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether from 500 μL plasma, the chromatographic analysis was performed on a Gemini NX3 column using 5 mm pH 5.0 ammonium acetate-5 mm ammonium acetate in methanol as binary gradient mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.

Simple and validated UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of nimodipine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.

We present a simple, fast and validated method for the determination of nimodipine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Plasma or CSF 250μL aliquots were pretreated with acetonitrile spiked with lacosamide as internal standard. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Fusion (3μm) 50×2.

Mitochondria hyperfusion and elevated autophagic activity are key mechanisms for cellular bioenergetic preservation in centenarians.

Mitochondria have been considered for long time as important determinants of cell aging because of their role in the production of reactive oxygen species. In this study we investigated the impact of mitochondrial metabolism and biology as determinants of successful aging in primary cultures of fibroblasts isolated from the skin of long living individuals (LLI) (about 100 years old) compared with those from young (about 27 years old) and old (about 75 years old) subjects. We observed that fibroblasts from LLI displayed significantly lower complex I-driven ATP synthesis and higher production of H2O2 in comparison with old subjects.

Prognostic value of brain proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated by brain cooling.

Introduction: MRI, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been shown to be of great prognostic value in term newborns with moderate-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Currently, no data are available on ¹H-MRS and DTI performed in the subacute phase after hypothermic treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess their prognostic value in newborns affected by moderate-severe HIE and treated with selective brain cooling (BC).