Long-lasting antimicrobial effect of multipurpose ZnO nanoparticle-loaded dental resins enhanced by blue light photodynamic therapy.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the potential of experimental dental resins containing ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a functional tool for the modulation of cariogenic biofilm in long-term.

Methods: Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) of ZnO-NPs against Streptococcus mutans were initially determined under different energy densities of blue LED irradiation (0.00, 1.

Effect of Eugenol on Detrusor Muscle: Potential for Overactive Bladder Treatment.

Purpose: This investigation was conducted to elucidate the effects of eugenol on bladder contractility through experimental and in silico approaches.

Methods: To assess the impact of eugenol on muscular contractility, longitudinal strips of bladder tissue, measuring 2 mm by 6 mm, were mounted in perfusion chambers connected to an isometric force transducer. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted to explore the potential of eugenol to target the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) and voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs) in muscle cells, utilizing in silico techniques.

Phylogenetic analysis and homology modelling of a new Cry8A crystal protein expressed in a sporulating soil bacterium.

Cry proteins, commonly found in gram-positive soil bacteria, are used worldwide as aerial sprays or in transgenic plants for controlling crop pest populations and as insect vectors. Via PCR analysis, a spore producing soil isolate (BV5) was speculated to encode a Cry gene. Partial nucleotide sequence of the amplified PCR fragment showed homology with the Cry8 genes present in GenBank.

Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells act as a therapeutic target for Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

Oral submucosal fibrosis is a highly malignant oral condition that necessitates the use of sophisticated therapeutic procedures. OSF is a multifactorial precancerous condition induced by areca nut chewing, deficiencies in vitamins and trace minerals, immunological aspects, and hereditary factors. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells possess the capability for multidirectional activation and are extensively distributed throughout the body.

Integrating network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of quercetin's action through AKT inhibition in co-expressed genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy for which polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been identified as a significant risk factor. Quercetin, a widely distributed natural flavonoid, has demonstrated potential therapeutic effects in managing both PCOS and EC. However, the specific molecular targets of quercetin in the context of PCOS comorbid with EC (PCOS-EC) remain poorly defined.

Age-associated interplay between zinc deficiency and Golgi stress hinders microtubule-dependent cellular signaling and epigenetic control.

Golgi abnormalities have been linked to aging and age-related diseases, yet the underlying causes and functional consequences remain poorly understood. This study identifies the interaction between age-associated zinc deficiency and Golgi stress as a critical factor in cellular aging. Senescent Golgi bodies from human fibroblasts show a fragmented Golgi structure, associated with a decreased interaction of the zinc-dependent Golgi-stacking protein complex Golgin45-GRASP55.

Evolution: An Ediacaran ecdysozoan.

A new study describes a fossilized ecdysozoan from Ediacaran rocks, extending the body fossil record for this hyper-diverse group and emphasizing the pivotal insights provided by Ediacaran fossils in documenting the early evolutionary history of major animal clades.

Predator avoidance: Threat learning in week-old zebrafish.

As soon as they can move, animals must learn to avoid potential predators. New research demonstrates that larval zebrafish can quickly learn to avoid specific predator-like robots in their first week of life, through coordinated noradrenergic and forebrain activity.

Prospects of bovine milk small extracellular vesicles in veterinary medicine.

Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes or small EV (sEV) derived from biological fluids, such as milk, have garnered increasing interest in veterinary medicine because of their role in the pathophysiology and understanding of the disease status of the host. Bovine milk serves as a rich source of sEV, containing diverse cargoes of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which play a critical role in intercellular communication and regulation of host status. Although it is more difficult to isolate and purify sEV from bovine milk than from human breast milk, challenges persist in enabling the enrichment and analysis of sEV populations, facilitating the elucidation of their functional roles and prognostic potential in cattle diseases.

Chondrosarcoma proximal tibia secondary to chondromyxoid fibroma: A rare case report.

Introduction: Benign cartilage tumours with malignant transformation are reported very few. Aiming to report a secondary chondrosarcoma in proximal tibia after chondromyxoid fibroma: a rare entity with limited experience of management.

Case Presentation: we present a challenging case of secondary chondrosarcoma of proximal tibia in surgically managed chondromyxoid fibroma.

Synthetic peptides bioactive against phytopathogens have lower impact on some beneficial bacteria: An assessment of peptides biosafety in agriculture.

The emergence of bacterial resistance and the increasing restrictions on the use of agrochemicals are boosting the search for novel, sustainable antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) arise as a new generation of antibiotics due to their effectiveness at low doses and biocompatibility. We compared the antimicrobial activity of four promising AMPs (CA-M, BP100, RW-BP100, and 3.

Mid-infrared enhanced spectrochemical detection using azide vibrational probes.

Spectrochemical analysis of trace elements in complex matrices is crucial across various fields of science, industry, and technology. However, this analysis is often hindered by background interference and the challenge of detecting ultralow analyte concentrations. Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is emerging as a viable technique to address these challenges as it can successfully reveal soluble and unmodified analytes in a label-free manner through their interactions with a bioreceptor following site-specific labeling with small infrared-active probes.

Co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and F-53B induces vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

6:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA; trade name F-53B) is an alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and is widely detected in various environmental media and biological samples. Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) have become a significant pollutant in the global environment. However, the comprehensive effects of both on the vascular system of mammals are still unclear.

Identification of DNA methylation signatures in follicular-patterned thyroid tumors.

Background And Aims: Follicular-patterned thyroid tumors (FPTTs) are frequently encountered in thyroid pathology, encompassing follicular adenoma (FA), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (fvPTC). Recently, a distinct entity termed differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma has been described by the 5th edition of the WHO classification of the thyroid tumors, categorized as either high-grade fvPTC, high-grade FTC or high-grade oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid (OCA). Accurate differentiation among these lesions, particular between the benign (FA), borderline (NIFTP) and malignant neoplasms (FTC and fvPTC), remains a challenge in both histopathological and cytological diagnoses.

Improvement of the physical-chemical, microbiological, volatiles and sensory quality of strawberries covered with chitosan/gelatin/pomegranate peel extract-based coatings.

This study investigated the effects of chitosan/gelatin (CG) coatings containing pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the physical-chemical, microbiological, volatile profile, and sensory characteristics of strawberries over 12 days of refrigerated storage. The coatings containing PPE minimized the weight loss of the fruits by 11 % and delayed their fungal contamination by 6-8 days. Uncoated fruits showed soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity values characteristics of highly deteriorated fruits.

Development of a novel latent deoxyribonucleic acid detection technique for crime scene investigation using quartz tuning fork-based biosensor technology.

The forensic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) fingerprinting is a tool for investigating crime scenes by identifying/tracing criminals and linking crime scenes. However, in cases where experts are unable to detect and identify any biological traces or human-derived cells at the crime scene or while testing the samples in the laboratories, all the advantages offered by forensic laboratories lose their significance. It becomes a waste of time, effort, and resources allocated to these laboratories.

Homopregnane-type ferrocene-steroid conjugates exhibit immunomodulatory activity.

Numerous compounds with useful biological activities were previously prepared by tethering ferrocene to natural product scaffolds. Some conjugates of ferrocene and steroids in particular were demonstrated to act as both potent and selective antiproliferative agents. Motivated by a lack of structural diversity in the pregnane series of conjugates, we performed chemical modifications of several naturally occurring progestogens, their biosynthetic precursors and chemically related derivatives so as to obtain conjugates 1-8, in which the steroid skeleton and ferrocene core are linked by the steroid sidechain.

Recent advancements in the quest of benzazoles as anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, claiming numerous lives each year, despite recent advancements in drug discovery and treatment strategies. Current TB treatment typically involves long-duration chemotherapy regimens that are often accompanied by adverse effects. The introduction of new anti-TB drugs, such as Bedaquiline, Delamanid, and Pretomanid, offers hope for more effective treatment, although challenges persist keeping the quest to find new anti-TB chemotypes an incessant exercise of medicinal chemists.

Ultrasound modulation of melatonin release from pineal glands in vitro.

Objectives: In this study, we aim to investigate whether therapeutic ultrasound can modulate the release of melatonin from the pineal gland-either increasing or decreasing its levels-and to assess the safety of this technique. This research could address a significant clinical need by providing a noninvasive method to potentially regulate sleep and circadian rhythms through the targeted modulation of melatonin.

Methods: Rat pineal glands were placed in a well with a Krebs Ringer Buffer solution.

Dietary incorporation of biological curcumin nanoparticles improved growth performance, ileal architecture, antioxidative status, serum lipid profile, and humoral immune response of heat-stressed broiler chickens.

Heat stress greatly impairs poultry productivity, underscoring the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate these adverse effects and improve overall poultry health. This study assessed the impact of dietary curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) on blood metabolites, immunity, redox status, ileal histomorphometry, and growth of broilers subjected to heat stress. A total of 400 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five groups, each consisting of eight replicates with ten birds per replicate.

Additional analyses of stem catarrhine and hominoid dental morphology support Kapi ramnagarensis as a stem hylobatid.

Fossil gibbons are exceedingly rare, with much of the hylobatid fossil record and, consequently, hylobatid evolutionary history remaining unknown. Kapi ramnagarensis was described as a stem hylobatid on the basis of an isolated lower right M from ∼13.0-12.

Modulation of inflammatory signaling in vitamin E metabolites and its therapeutic implications.

Naturally occurring vitamin E is a lipophilic plant-derived molecule corresponding to the 2R forms of alpha-tocopherol. A series of natural analogs or tocochromanols are present in nature, including β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol (βT, γT, δT), the corresponding tocotrienols (αTE, βTE, γTE, δTE) and tocomonoenols. Differences between these analogs as lipophilic antioxidants and modulators of molecular processes suggest specific therapeutic properties against various disorders associated with acute and chronic inflammation.

Exploring Multiplex Immunohistochemistry (mIHC) Techniques and Histopathology Image Analysis: Current Practice and Potential for Clinical Incorporation.

Background: By simultaneously staining multiple immunomarkers on a single tissue section, multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) enhances the amount of information that can be observed in a single tissue section and thus can be a powerful tool to visualise cellular interactions directly in the tumour microenvironment. Performing mIHC remains technically and practically challenging, and this technique has many limitations if not properly validated. However, with proper validation, heterogeneity between histopathological images can be avoided.

Comparative analysis of hospital laboratory wastewater treatment techniques in Syrian Arab Republic.

Background: Hospital wastewater poses a significant threat to human health due to the presence of difficult-to-degrade organic compounds, active pharmaceutical ingredients and multiple inorganic substances that can pollute water resources and ecosystems.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of different techniques for removing organic load from hospital laboratory wastewater in Aleppo, Syria.

Methods: We treated wastewater samples from hospital laboratories at Aleppo University Hospital, Syria, using several techniques, including biological treatment with the rotating biological contactor, adsorption with Syrian natural clay, coagulation with aluminium sulphate, advanced oxidation with ultrasound, and a combined treatment using natural clay and ultrasound.

The miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Transcriptomic Analysis From GEO.

Background: Bioinformatics analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expression profiles can aid in understanding its molecular mechanisms and identifying new targets for diagnosis and treatment.

Aim: In this study, we analyzed expression profile datasets and miRNA expression profiles related to HCC from the GEO using R software to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs).

Methods And Results: Common DEGs were identified, and a PPI network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify hub genes.