From isolation to detection, advancing insights into endothelial matrix-bound vesicles.

Matrix-bound vesicles (MBVs), an integral part of the extracellular matrix (ECM), are emerging as pivotal factors in ECM-driven molecular signaling. This study is the first to report the isolation of MBVs from porcine arterial endothelial cell basement membranes (A-MBVs) and thyroid cartilage (C-MBVs), the latter serving as a negative control due to its minimal vascular characteristics. Using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Nano-Tracking Analysis (NTA), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), we orthogonally characterized the isolated MBVs.

A Pair of Fluorescent Probes Enabling Precise Diagnosis of Liver Cancer by Complementary Imaging.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is by far the predominant malignant liver cancer, with both high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and surgical resections are imperative for improving the survival of HCC patients. However, limited by clinical diagnosis methods, it is difficult to accurately distinguish tumor tissue and its boundaries in the early stages of cancer.

Unraveling the functional complexity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system: insights from molecular anatomy to neurodynamic modeling.

The locus coeruleus (LC), as the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, is central to modulating cognitive and behavioral processes. This review synthesizes recent findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of the LC-NE system, highlighting its molecular diversity, neurophysiological properties, and role in various brain functions. We discuss the heterogeneity of LC neurons, their differential responses to sensory stimuli, and the impact of NE on cognitive processes such as attention and memory.

Microplastic and nanoplastic exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus.

The issue of plastic pollutants has become a growing concern. Both microplastics (MPs) (particle size < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (particle size < 1 µm) can cause DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress in various organisms. The primary known impacts of microplastic/nanoplastic are observed in the liver and respiratory system, leading to hepatotoxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Real-Time Monitoring of Electrode Surface Changes in Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Using Fourier Transform Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a widely used electrochemical technique to measure the phasic response of neurotransmitters in the brain. It has the advantage of reducing tissue damage to the brain due to the use of carbon fiber microelectrodes as well as having a high temporal resolution (10 Hz) sufficient to monitor neurotransmitter release in vivo. During the FSCV experiment, the surface of the carbon fiber microelectrode is inevitably changed by the fouling effect.

Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Hybrid TiO-pNIPAm Composites for the Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Propylbenzoic Acid.

Pickering emulsions (PEs) have demonstrated significant potential in various fields, including catalysis, biomedical applications, and food science, with notable advancements in wastewater treatment through photocatalysis. This study explores the development and application of TiO-poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) composite gels as a novel framework for photocatalytic wastewater remediation. The research focuses on overcoming challenges associated with conventional nanoparticle-based photocatalytic systems, such as agglomeration and inefficient recovery of particles.

Integrating deep learning and machine learning for improved CKD-related cortical bone assessment in HRpQCT images: A pilot study.

High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) offers detailed bone geometry and microarchitecture assessment, including cortical porosity, but assessing chronic kidney disease (CKD) bone images remains challenging. This proof-of-concept study merges deep learning and machine learning to 1) improve automatic segmentation, particularly in cases with severe cortical porosity and trabeculated endosteal surfaces, and 2) maximize image information using machine learning feature extraction to classify CKD-related skeletal abnormalities, surpassing conventional DXA and CT measures. We included 30 individuals (20 non-CKD, 10 stage 3 to 5D CKD) who underwent HRpQCT of the distal and diaphyseal radius and tibia and contributed data to develop and validate four different AI models for each anatomical site.

Pericoronary adipose tissue feature analysis in computed tomography calcium score images in comparison to coronary computed tomography angiography.

Purpose: We investigated the feasibility and advantages of using non-contrast CT calcium score (CTCS) images to assess pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). PCAT features from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk but are potentially confounded by iodine. If PCAT in CTCS images can be similarly analyzed, it would avoid this issue and enable its inclusion in formal risk assessment from readily available, low-cost CTCS images.

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) for Major Depressive Disorder.

The 21st century has brought forth major advancements in device-based treatments for psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD). One of the most exciting technologies on the rise in this field is transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). The small but rapidly growing body of knowledge on tACS suggests that this wearable, low-cost, noninvasive neuromodulation method could provide a safe and effective alternative, or augmentation, to pharmacological interventions for MDD.

Fabrication of a micropatterned shape-memory polymer patch with L-DOPA for tendon regeneration.

A scaffold design for tendon regeneration has been proposed, which mimics the microstructural features of tendons and provides appropriate mechanical properties. We synthesized a temperature-triggered shape-memory polymer (SMP) using the ring-opening polymerization of polycaprolactone (PCL) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a macroinitiator. We fabricated a micropatterned patch using SMP capillary force lithography, which mimicked a native tendon, for providing physical cues and guiding effects.

Behavior, mechanisms, and applications of low-concentration CO in energy media.

This review explores the behavior of low-concentration CO (LCC) in various energy media, such as solid adsorbents, liquid absorbents, and catalytic surfaces. It delves into the mechanisms of diffusion, adsorption, and catalytic reactions, while analyzing the potential applications and challenges of these properties in technologies like air separation, compressed gas energy storage, and CO catalytic conversion. Given the current lack of comprehensive analyses, especially those encompassing multiscale studies of LCC behavior, this review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and data support for optimizing CO capture, storage, and conversion technologies, as well as guidance for the development and application of new materials.

Developing tough, fatigue-resistant and conductive hydrogels growth of metal dendrites.

Developing hydrogels with high conductivity and toughness a facile strategy is important yet challenging. Herein, we proposed a new strategy to develop conductive hydrogels by growing metal dendrites. Water-soluble Sn ions were soaked into the gel and then converted to Sn dendrites an electrochemical reaction; the excessive Sn ions were finally removed by water dialysis, accompanied by dramatic shrinkage of the gel.

Dynamic map illuminates Hippo-cMyc module crosstalk driving cardiomyocyte proliferation.

Numerous regulators of cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation have been identified, yet how they coordinate during cardiac development or regeneration is poorly understood. Here, we developed a computational model of the CM proliferation regulatory network to obtain key regulators and systems-level understanding. The model defines five modules (DNA replication, mitosis, cytokinesis, growth factor, Hippo pathway) and integrates them into a network of 72 nodes and 88 reactions that correctly predicts 73 of 78 (93.

Human upper limb kinematics using a novel algorithm in post-stroke patients.

Assessing the kinematics of the upper limbs is crucial for rehabilitation treatment, especially for stroke survivors. Nowadays, researchers use computer vision-based algorithms for Human motion analysis. However, specific challenges include less accuracy, increased computational complexity and a limited number of anatomical key points.

Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Through MOF Integration.

Tin halide perovskites are promising candidates for lead-free perovskite solar cells due to their ideal bandgap and high charge-carrier mobility. However, poor crystal quality and rapid degradation in ambient conditions severely limit their stability and practical applications. This study demonstrates that incorporating UiO-66, a zirconium-based MOF, significantly enhances the performance and stability of tin halide perovskite solar cells (TPSCs).

The Predictive Value of a Nomogram Based on Ultrasound Radiomics, Clinical Factors, and Enhanced Ultrasound Features for Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.

This study aims to establish and validate an ultrasound radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) before operation. A retrospective analysis conducted on ultrasonic images and clinical features derived from 288 PTMC patients, who were divided into training cohorts ( = 201) and validating cohorts ( = 87) in a ratio of 7:3 base on the principle of random allocation. Radiomics features were extracted from the PTMC patients after ultrasonic examination, followed by dimension reduction and characteristic selection to construct the radiomics score (Radscore) using LASSO regression analysis.

Advances in Electrochemical Nitrite Reduction toward Nitric Oxide Synthesis for Biomedical Applications.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential molecule in biomedicine, recognized for its antibacterial properties, neuronal modulation, and use in inhalation therapies. The effectiveness of NO-based treatments relies on precise control of NO concentrations tailored to specific therapeutic needs. Electrochemical generation of NO (E-NOgen) via nitrite (NO ) reduction offers a scalable and efficient route for controlled NO production, while also addressing environmental concerns by reducing NO pollution and maintaining nitrogen cycle balance.

Evolution Driven Microscale Combinatorial Chemistry in Intracellular Mimicking Droplets to Engineer Thermostable RNA for Cellular Imaging.

Fluorescent light-up aptamer/fluorogen pairs are powerful tools for tracking RNA in the cell, however limitations in thermostability and fluorescence intensity exist. Current in vitro selection techniques struggle to mimic complex intracellular environments, limiting in vivo biomolecule functionality. Taking inspiration from microenvironment-dependent RNA folding observed in cells and organelle-mimicking droplets, an efficient system is created that uses microscale heated water droplets to simulate intracellular conditions, effectively replicating the intracellular RNA folding landscape.

SuperResNET: Single molecule network analysis detects changes to clathrin structure by small molecule inhibitors.

Here, we apply SuperResNET network analysis of dSTORM single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to determine how the clathrin endocytosis inhibitors pitstop 2, dynasore and Latrunculin A alter the morphology of clathrin-coated pits. SuperResNET analysis of HeLa and Cos7 cells identifies: small oligomers (Class I); pits and vesicles (Class II); and larger clusters corresponding to fused pits or clathrin plaques (Class III). Pitstop 2 and dynasore induce distinct homogeneous populations of Class II structures in HeLa cells suggesting that they arrest endocytosis at different stages.

Microfluidics for morpholomics and spatial omics applications.

Creative designs, precise fluidic manipulation, and automation have supported the development of microfluidics for single-cell applications. Together with the advancements in detection technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), microfluidic-assisted platforms have been increasingly used for new modalities of single-cell investigations and in spatial omics applications. This review explores the use of microfluidic technologies for morpholomics and spatial omics with a focus on single-cell and tissue characterization.

Recent Advances in the Design and Application of Asymmetric Carbon-Based Materials.

Asymmetric carbon-based materials (ACBMs) have received significant attention in scientific research due to their unique structures and properties. Through the introduction of heterogeneous atoms and the construction of asymmetric ordered/disordered structures, ACBMs are optimized in terms of electrical conductivity, pore structure, and chemical composition and exhibit multiple properties such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, optical characteristics, and magnetic behavior. Here, the recent research progress of ACBMs is reviewed, focusing on the potential of these materials for electrochemical, catalysis, and biomedical applications and their unique advantages over conventional symmetric carbon-based materials.

Gelatin Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite 3D Printed Semi Biological Mesh for Abdominal Hernia Treatment.

Hernia is characterized by the protrusion of organs or tissue through weakened areas in the abdominal cavity wall. A common treatment for hernia involves the implantation of a mesh which promotes the growth of new tissue around or within the implanted material in the damaged area. The mesh is typically made from synthetic materials like polypropylene.

Multiomic analyses direct hypotheses for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk genes.

Prions are assemblies of misfolded prion protein that cause several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, with the most common phenotype in humans being sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Aside from variation of the prion protein itself, molecular risk factors are not well understood. Prion and prion-like mechanisms are thought to underpin common neurodegenerative disorders meaning that the elucidation of mechanisms could have broad relevance.

A OHCs-Targeted Strategy for PEDF Delivery in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) results from prolonged exposure to intense noise, causing damage to sensory outer hair cells (OHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The blood labyrinth barrier (BLB) hinders systemic drug delivery to the inner ear. This study applied a retro-auricular round window membrane (RWM) method to bypass the BLB, enabling the transport of macromolecular proteins into the inner ear.

C-Based Route for Vinyl Chloride Synthesis with Environmental and Economic Benefits.

Selective coupling of C platform molecules to C olefins is a cornerstone for establishing a sustainable chemical industry based on nonpetroleum sources. Vinyl chloride (CHCl), one of the top commodity petrochemicals, is commercially produced from coal- or oil-derived C hydrocarbon (acetylene and ethylene) feedstocks with a high carbon footprint. Here, we report a C-based route for vinyl chloride synthesis via the selective oxidative coupling of methyl chloride.