Versatility of Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism for Evaluating Foodborne Neurotoxins and Food Bioactive Compounds in Nutritional Neuroscience.

Epidemiological evidence has shown that the regular ingestion of vegetables and fruits is associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases. The introduction of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) principle into animal experiments has led to the use of valid, cost-effective, and efficient alternative and complementary invertebrate animal models which are simpler and lower in the phylogenetic hierarchy. Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

Imaging flow cytometry reveals the mechanism of equine arteritis virus entry and internalization.

The process of viral entry into host cells is crucial for the establishment of infection and the determination of viral pathogenicity. A comprehensive understanding of entry pathways is fundamental for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Standard techniques for investigating viral entry include confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, both of which provide complementary qualitative and quantitative data.

Evaluating amyloid-beta aggregation and toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, clinically characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral disturbances. Its pathogenesis is not fully comprehended but involves intracellular depositions of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. Currently, pharmacological interventions solely slow the progression of symptoms.

Evaluating polyglutamine protein aggregation and toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a repeat of the cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide (CAG) in the huntingtin gene (HTT). This results in the translation of a mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein with an abnormally long polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat. The pathology of HD leads to neuronal cell loss, motor abnormalities, and dementia.

Characterizing tumor-infiltrating group 1 innate lymphoid cells in PyMT breast tumors.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and continues to have a significant impact in cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Investigating the complex roles of infiltrating immune subsets within the tumor microenvironment (TME) will enable a better understanding of disease progression and reveal novel therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer. The mammary-specific expression of polyomavirus middle T oncoprotein (MMTV-PyMT) was first established in 1992 by William Muller and is the most commonly used genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for breast cancer research.

Hyaluronic acid modified metal-organic frameworks loading cisplatin achieve combined chemodynamic therapy and chemotherapy for lung cancer.

As one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in clinical practice, cisplatin is unable to selectively accumulate in tumor tissue due to its lack of targeting ability, leading to increased systemic toxicities. Additionally, the effectiveness of monotherapy is greatly limited. Therefore, the development of new cisplatin-based drug delivery systems is essential to improve the effectiveness of tumor treatment.

The juxtamembrane sequence of small ankyrin 1 mediates the binding of its cytoplasmic domain to SERCA1 and is required for inhibitory activity.

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase1 (SERCA1) is responsible for the clearance of cytosolic Ca in skeletal muscle. Due to its vital importance in regulating Ca homeostasis, the regulation of SERCA1 has been intensively studied. Small ankyrin 1 (sAnk1, Ank1.

Potential therapeutic effect of dimethyl fumarate on Treg/Th17 cell imbalance in biliary atresia.

The imbalance between Tregs and proinflammatory Th17 cells in children with biliary atresia (BA) causes immune damage to cholangiocytes. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immunomodulatory drug, regulates the Treg/Th17 balance in diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explores DMF's effect on Treg/Th17 balance in BA and its potential mechanism.

A forward genetic screen identifies potassium channel essentiality in SHH medulloblastoma maintenance.

Distinguishing tumor maintenance genes from initiation, progression, and passenger genes is critical for developing effective therapies. We employed a functional genomic approach using the Lazy Piggy transposon to identify tumor maintenance genes in vivo and applied this to sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma (MB). Combining Lazy Piggy screening in mice and transcriptomic profiling of human MB, we identified the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNB2 as a candidate maintenance driver.

Melanoma-derived versican reactivates tumor-associated macrophages by upregulating pyruvate carboxylase through TLR2-MyD88-RelB axis under normoxia.

Relieving hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes innate and adaptive immunity. Our previous research demonstrated that reoxygenation of the TME promotes the phagocytosis and tumor-killing functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) by upregulating pyruvate carboxylase (PCB). However, the mechanism remains obscure.

Monovalent Lectin Microvirin Utilizes Hydropathic Recognition of HIV-1 Env for Inhibition of Virus Cell Infection.

Microvirin is a lectin molecule known to have monovalent interaction with glycoprotein gp120. A previously reported high-resolution structural analysis defines the mannobiose-binding cavity of Microvirin. Nonetheless, structure does not directly define the energetics of binding contributions of protein contact residues.

Fucoidan Oligosaccharide Supplementation Relieved Kidney Injury and Modulated Intestinal Homeostasis in D-Galactose-Exposed Rats.

A fucoidan oligosaccharide (FOS), a potent compound derived from algae, is known for its diverse biological activities, including prebiotic activity, anticancer activity, and antioxidative properties, and has demonstrated supportive therapeutic effects in treating kidney ailments. This study was conducted to explore the protective influence of FOS on kidney damage due to aging induced by D-galactose in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The low-dose FOS group was administered FOS (100 mg/kg) by gavage, and the high-FOS group received FOS (200 mg/kg) by gavage.

Effect of a Novel Food Rich in Miraculin on the Intestinal Microbiome of Malnourished Patients with Cancer and Dysgeusia.

Background/objectives: Dysgeusia contributes to malnutrition and worsens the quality of life of patients with cancer. Despite the different strategies, there is no effective treatment for patients suffering from taste disorders provided by the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy for reducing side effects in cancer patients by providing a novel food supplement with the taste-modifying glycoprotein miraculin, which is approved by the European Union, as an adjuvant to medical-nutritional therapy.

Revisiting ABC Transporters and Their Clinical Significance in Glioblastoma.

: The multiple drug-resistant phenomenon has long since plagued the effectiveness of various chemotherapies used in the treatment of patients with glioblastoma (GBM), which is still incurable to this day. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters function as drug transporters and have been touted to be the main culprits in developing resistance to xenobiotic drugs in GBM. : This review systematically analyzed the efficacy of ABC transporters against various anticancer drugs from 16 studies identified from five databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ScienceDirect).

Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Among Isolates of spp. and spp. in Wildlife and Their Environment from Portugal: A Positive Epidemiologic Outcome.

One of the significant challenges facing modern medicine is the rising rate of antibiotic resistance, which impacts public health, animal health, and environmental preservation. Evaluating antibiotic resistance in wildlife and their environments is crucial, as it offers essential insights into the dynamics of resistance patterns and promotes strategies for monitoring, prevention, and intervention. and genera isolates were recovered from fecal samples of wild animals and environmental samples using media without antibiotic supplementation.

Research Progress on the Structure and Function, Immune Escape Mechanism, Antiviral Drug Development Methods, and Clinical Use of SARS-CoV-2 M.

The three-year COVID-19 pandemic 'has' caused a wide range of medical, social, political, and financial implications. Since the end of 2020, various mutations and variations in SARS-CoV-2 strains, along with the immune escape phenomenon, have emerged. There is an urgent need to identify a relatively stable target for the development of universal vaccines and drugs that can effectively combat both SARS-CoV-2 strains and their mutants.

HERC1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Necessary for Autophagy Processes and for the Maintenance and Homeostasis of Vesicles in Motor Nerve Terminals, but Not for Proteasomal Activity.

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is implicated in protein homeostasis. One of the proteins involved in this system is HERC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, which was associated with several processes including the normal development and neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), autophagy in projection neurons, myelination of the peripheral nervous system, among others. The tambaleante (tbl) mouse model carries the spontaneous mutation Gly483Glu substitution in the HERC1 E3 protein.

Structure-Function Relationship of the β-Hairpin of HB27 Laccase.

Thermus thermophilus HB27 laccase (Tth-Lac) is a thermostable enzyme that contains a β-hairpin (Ala292-Gln307) covering the substrate entrance. We analyzed the role of this β-hairpin in the enzymatic activity of Tth-Lac through three β-hairpin mutants: two variants without the β-hairpin (C1Tth-Lac and C2Tth-Lac) and one with a partially modified β-hairpin (P1Tth-Lac). Enzymatic activity was assayed with different substrates with and without copper.

Fecal Microbiota Strongly Correlates with Tissue Microbiota Composition in Colorectal Cancer but Not in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Microbiota could be of interest in the diagnosis of colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer (CRC and NSCLC). However, how the microbial components of tissues and feces reflect each other remains unknown. In this work, our main objective is to discover the degree of correlation between the composition of the tissue microbiota and that of the feces of patients affected by CRC and NSCLC.

Molecular Mechanisms of Dietary Compounds in Cancer Stem Cells from Solid Tumors: Insights into Colorectal, Breast, and Prostate Cancer.

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are known to be the main source of tumor relapse, metastasis, or multidrug resistance and the mechanisms to counteract or eradicate them and their activity remain elusive. There are different hypotheses that claim that the origin of CSC might be in regular stem cells (SC) and, due to accumulation of mutations, these normal cells become malignant, or the source of CSC might be in any malignant cell that, under certain environmental circumstances, acquires all the qualities to become CSC. Multiple studies indicate that lifestyle and diet might represent a source of wellbeing that can prevent and ameliorate the malignant phenotype of CSC.

A Multi-Omics Analysis of a Mitophagy-Related Signature in Pan-Cancer.

Mitophagy, an essential process within cellular autophagy, has a critical role in regulating key cellular functions such as reproduction, metabolism, and apoptosis. Its involvement in tumor development is complex and influenced by the cellular environment. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of a mitophagy-related gene signature, composed of , , , , , , and , across various cancer types, revealing significant differential expression patterns associated with molecular subtypes, stages, and patient outcomes.

Proteins Implicated in the Reduced Virulence of and Mutants in Osteomyelitis.

Using a murine osteomyelitis model, we recently demonstrated that and mutants generated in the USA300 strain LAC are attenuated to a greater extent than an isogenic mutant and that this can be attributed to a significant extent to the increased production of extracellular proteases in both mutants. Based on this, we used a mass-based proteomics approach to compare the proteomes of LAC, its isogenic , , and mutants, and isogenic derivatives of all four of these strains unable to produce the extracellular proteases aureolysin, SspA, SspB, ScpA, or SplA-F. This allowed us to identify proteins that were present in reduced amounts in , and / mutants owing to the increased production of extracellular proteases.

The Structural, Biophysical, and Antigenic Characterization of the Goose Parvovirus Capsid.

Goose parvovirus (GPV) is an etiological agent of Derzsy's disease, afflicting geese and Muscovy ducks worldwide. Its high mortality rate among goslings and ducklings causes large losses to the waterfowl industry. Toward molecular and structural characterization, virus-like particles (VLPs) of GPV were produced, and the capsid structure was determined by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at a resolution of 2.

Evolutionary and Structural Insights into the RNA Polymerase I A34 Protein Family: A Focus on Intrinsic Disorder and Phase Separation.

Background: Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I consists of 12 or 11 core subunits and three dissociable subunits, Rrn3, A34, and A49. The A34 and A49 subunits exist as a heterodimer. In silico analysis of the A34 family of transcription factors demonstrates a commonly shared domain structure despite a lack of sequence conservation, as well as N-terminal and C-terminal disordered regions.