True cancer stem cells exhibit relative degrees of dormancy and genomic stability.

Background: Cancer stem cells in human tumors have been defined by stem cell markers, embryonal signaling pathways and characteristic biology, ie., namely the ability to repopulate the proliferating population. However, even if these properties can be demonstrated within a tumor cell subpopulation, it does not mean that they are truly hierarchical stem cells because they could have been derived from the proliferating population in a reversible manner.

Data-driven discovery and parameter estimation of mathematical models in biological pattern formation.

Mathematical modeling has been utilized to explain biological pattern formation, but the selections of models and parameters have been made empirically. In the present study, we propose a data-driven approach to validate the applicability of mathematical models. Specifically, we developed methods to automatically select the appropriate mathematical models based on the patterns of interest and to estimate the model parameters.

High-Throughput Chemotherapeutic Drug Screening System for Gastric Cancer (Cure-GA).

Background: Three dimensional (3D) cell cultures can be effectively used for drug discovery and development but there are still challenges in their general application to high-throughput screening. In this study, we developed a novel high-throughput chemotherapeutic 3D drug screening system for gastric cancer, named 'Cure-GA', to discover clinically applicable anticancer drugs and predict therapeutic responses.

Methods: Primary cancer cells were isolated from 143 fresh surgical specimens by enzymatic treatment.

Nephronectin Is Required for Vascularization in Zebrafish and Sufficient to Promote Mammalian Vessel-Like Structures in Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering.

Background: Organs and tissues need to be vascularized during development. Similarly, vascularization is required to engineer thick tissues. How vessels are formed during organogenesis is not fully understood, and vascularization of engineered tissues remains a significant challenge.

C1GALT1 expression predicts poor survival in osteosarcoma and is crucial for ABCC1 transporter-mediated doxorubicin resistance.

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone malignancy with a high propensity for drug resistance and metastasis, leading to poor clinical outcomes. This study investigates the role of core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) in osteosarcoma, focusing on its implications in chemoresistance. Our findings reveal that high expression of C1GALT1 is associated with advanced stages, adverse overall survival, and increased recurrence rates.

A Y-shaped sphenoidal sinus septum: a case report.

The sphenoidal sinus septum is one of the most important landmarks during endonasal endoscopic transsphe-noidal operations. During routine coronal sectioning of the face, we found a variant Y-shaped septum in the sphenoidal sinus of a female cadaver. This unusual septum was found between two sections (anterior and posterior sections) and located inferior to the pituitary gland.

The deubiquitinase USP5 prevents accumulation of protein aggregates in cardiomyocytes.

Protein homeostasis is crucial for maintaining cardiomyocyte (CM) function. Disruption of proteostasis results in accumulation of protein aggregates causing cardiac pathologies such as hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and heart failure. Here, we identify ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5) as a critical determinant of protein quality control (PQC) in CM.

Prebiotics as an adjunct therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by intrusive memories, avoidance, negative thoughts and moods, and heightened arousal. Many patients also report gastrointestinal symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment approach for PTSD that successfully reduces symptoms.

A constellation of anatomical variation: middle scalene, wrist extensor, and aortic arch variants share embryological origins in cervical somites.

During dissection of a 70-year-old male donor, several anatomical variations were observed, highlighted by a bilateral variant middle scalene muscle in the superolateral thoracic wall. The variant scalene muscle was traced from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the fourth rib with a pronounced fascial slip. The elongated middle scalene muscle was thick in girth and abnormally wide at its insertion (56.

WDR26 depletion alters chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles in mammalian cells.

WD-repeat containing protein 26 (WDR26) is an essential component of the CTLH E3 ligase complex. Mutations in WDR26 lead to Skraban-Deardorff, an intellectual disability syndrome with clinical features resembling other disorders arising from defects in transcriptional regulation and chromatin structure. However, the role of WDR26 and its associated CTLH complex in regulating chromatin or transcription has not been elucidated.

Timing of exercise differentially impacts adipose tissue gain in male adolescent rats.

Circadian rhythms of metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral fluctuations and their alterations can impact health. An important gap in knowledge in the field is whether the time of the day of exercise and the age of onset of exercise exert distinct effects at the level of whole-body adipose tissue and body composition. The goal of the present study was to determine how exercise at different times of the day during adolescence impacts the adipose tissue transcriptome and content in a rodent model.

Selective toxicity of a novel antimicrobial peptide Acidocin 4356 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in human cell-based in vitro infection models.

Prior studies examined Acidocin 4356's antibacterial and antivirulence effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including cell membrane penetration abilities. Building on prior research, an in-vitro co-culture of human cells was established to evaluate the selectivity of Acidocin (ACD) by concurrently cultivating human cells and bacterial pathogens. This study evaluated the antibacterial effectiveness of ACD against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Propagation of neuronal micronuclei regulates microglial characteristics.

Microglia-resident immune cells in the central nervous system-undergo morphological and functional changes in response to signals from the local environment and mature into various homeostatic states. However, niche signals underlying microglial differentiation and maturation remain unknown. Here, we show that neuronal micronuclei (MN) transfer to microglia, which is followed by changing microglial characteristics during the postnatal period.

mtSTAT3 suppresses rheumatoid arthritis by regulating Th17 and synovial fibroblast inflammatory cell death with IL-17-mediated autophagy dysfunction.

Th17 cells are activated by STAT3 factors in the nucleus, and these factors are correlated with the pathologic progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of STAT3 in mitochondria, but its function is unclear. We investigated the novel role of mitochondrial STAT3 (mitoSTAT3) in Th17 cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and analyzed the correlation of mitoSTAT3 with RA.

An evolutionarily conserved cation channel tunes the sensitivity of gustatory neurons to ephaptic inhibition in .

In ephaptic coupling, physically adjacent neurons influence one another's activity via the electric fields they generate. To date, the molecular mechanisms that mediate and modulate ephaptic coupling's effects remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel lateralizes the potentially mutual ephaptic inhibition between gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs).

Without visual feedback voluntary torque is overestimated during muscle potentiation despite similar motor unit firing rate and perception of exertion.

The purpose was to assess whether visual feedback of torque contributes to motor unit (MU) firing rate reduction observed during post-activation potentiation (PAP) of skeletal muscle. From 15 participants 23 MUs were recorded with intramuscular fine-wire electrodes from the tibialis anterior during isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20% of maximum, with and without both PAP and visual feedback of torque. A 5s maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was used to induce PAP, and evoked twitch responses were assessed before and after.

Protocol for the Generation and 3D Culture of Fluorescently Labeled Multicellular Spheroids.

Spheroid culture systems have been extensively used to model the three-dimensional (3D) behavior of cells in vitro. Traditionally, spheroids consist of a single cell type, limiting their ability to fully recapitulate the complex inter-cellular interactions observed in vivo. Here we describe a protocol for generating cocultured spheroids composed of two distinct cell types, embedded within a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) to better study cellular interactions.

Muscle-derived myostatin is a major endocrine driver of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.

Myostatin is a paracrine myokine that regulates muscle mass in a variety of species, including humans. In this work, we report a functional role for myostatin as an endocrine hormone that directly promotes pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and thereby ovarian function in mice. Previously, this FSH-stimulating role was attributed to other members of the transforming growth factor-β family, the activins.

Skin disease-associated GJB4 variants differentially influence connexin stability, cell viability and channel function.

Here we characterize seven Cx30.3 gene variants (R22H, S26Y, P61R, C86S, E99K, T130M and M190L) clinically associated with the rare skin disorder erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP) in tissue-relevant and differentiation-competent rat epidermal keratinocytes (REKs). We found that all variants, when expressed alone or together with wildtype (WT) Cx30.

Utilization of the QuPath open-source software platform for analysis of mammalian spermatogenesis.

The adult mammalian testis is filled with seminiferous tubules, which contain somatic Sertoli cells along with germ cells undergoing all phases of spermatogenesis. During spermatogenesis in postnatal mice, male germ cells undergo at least 17 different nomenclature changes as they proceed through mitosis as spermatogonia (=8), meiosis as spermatocytes (=6), and spermiogenesis as spermatids (=3) [1-6]. Adding to this complexity, combinations of germ cells at each of these stages of development are clumped together along the length of the seminiferous tubules.

Infant regulatory problems and the quality of dyadic emotional connection-a proof-of-concept study in a multilingual sample.

Background And Aims: Close autonomic emotional connections with others help infants reach and maintain homoeostasis. In recent years, infant regulatory problems (RPs, i.e.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the universal Welch Emotional Connection Screen using primary and bilingual Spanish-speaking coders of videotaped mother-child interactions.

Introduction: Using clear explicit translatable language, we translated the Welch Emotional Connection Screen into a new universal language instrument, the . In this study, we had two aims: Aim 1 was to establish of the uWECS by comparing scores coded by primary Spanish-speaking coders using the Spanish translation of the uWECS to scores coded by bilingual, secondary Spanish-speaking coders using the oWECS. Aim 2 was to establish the in terms of oWECS and uWECS performance in tracking change in autonomic emotional connection (AEC) during the course of an intervention among preschool aged children.

Labelling of a live obligate anaerobe using fluorescent D-amino acids.

The probing of live bacteria via the incorporation of fluorescent D-amino acids (FDAAs) during peptidoglycan synthesis has been shown to be practical for visualizing both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. This study demonstrates the reliability and applications of FDAA labelling for the fluorescent imaging of an obligate anaerobe.

Light-dark shift promotes colon carcinogenesis through accelerated colon aging.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with rising prevalence among younger adults. Several lifestyle factors, particularly disruptions in circadian rhythms by light-dark (LD) shifts, are known to increase CRC risk. Epidemiological studies previously showed LD-shifts are associated with increased risk of CRC.