Bile duct obstruction is associated with early postoperative upregulation of liver uncoupling protein-2 and reduced circulating glucose concentration in the rat.

Objective: To evaluate whether upregulation of liver and muscle uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) is an acute phenomenon in obstructive jaundice and associated with secondary metabolic effects.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: bile duct ligated (BDL) and sham-operated pair-fed (PF), ad libitum fed (AL), and controls. BDL, PF, and AL rats were further divided into subgroups according to the interval postoperatively when they were reanesthetized and sampled for tissue and blood: 2, 4, and 8 d, respectively.

Caffeine does not attenuate experimentally induced ischemic pain in healthy subjects.

Background And Aims: Caffeine is likely the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world. It is also an analgesic adjuvant and has individual analgesic properties. The latter effect has been attributed to adenosine receptor antagonism, but the site of action is unknown.

Follow-up after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by human papillomavirus genotyping.

Objective: To assess the use of human papillomavirus genotyping in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia posttreatment follow-up.

Study Design: Prospective observational study. Ninety women underwent cytologic testing and human papillomavirus genotyping at the follow-up visit after conization.

Adenosine infusion attenuates soluble RAGE in endotoxin-induced inflammation in human volunteers.

Aim: To evaluate possible anti-inflammatory effects of pre-treatment with adenosine in a human experimental inflammatory model.

Methods: The study design was double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled and randomized. In the Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital, 16 healthy male volunteers were treated for 5.

Resveratrol inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells.

The phytoalexin resveratrol has been described to have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects in several tumor models while its effects on osteosarcoma have not been extensively studied. Additionally, resveratrol is a potent activator of the Sirt1/Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) family of NAD-dependent deacetylases which plays a role in calorie restriction-mediated tumor suppression. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of resveratrol on growth and apoptosis in four osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, Saos-2, U-2 OS and MG-63) and a normal human osteoblast cell line (NHOst).

Species difference exists in the effects of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its analogue 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (2MD) on osteoblastic cells.

The direct effect of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on osteoblasts remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effects of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its analogue, 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (2MD), on osteoblasts from three different species, i.e.

Activation of Sirt1 decreases adipocyte formation during osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myoblasts. It has been suggested that a reciprocal relationship exists between the differentiation of MSC into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) is a key element for the differentiation into adipocytes.

Blood pressure control in hypertensive pediatric renal transplants: role of repeated ABPM following transplantation.

Background: Hypertension in pediatric renal transplants is a widespread condition associated with high mortality risk in early adult life. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was found to be superior to office blood pressure (BP) in identifying true hypertensive and responders to treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of repeated ABPM, performed at yearly intervals following transplantation, in the assessment and decision-making processes of post-transplant hypertension.

Detection of cholangiocarcinoma with magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bile in patients with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background: Early detection of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is very difficult, especially in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) who are at increased risk of developing CC.

Purpose: To evaluate 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of bile as a diagnostic marker for CC in patients with and without PSC.

Material And Methods: The institutional review board approved the study, and all patients gave informed consent.

IL-6 receptor expression and IL-6 effects change during osteoblast differentiation.

Studies of the effects of interleukin-6 on osteoblasts have yielded conflicting results. In several earlier in vitro studies it has been stated that IL-6 has no effects on osteoblasts unless soluble IL-6 receptor is added. These results are contradictory to the fact that IL-6 receptors are expressed in osteoblasts in vivo.

Low birth weight and the developing vascular tree: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for hypertension, stroke and coronary heart disease in adults. Mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease may therefore be initiated in early life. Studies to investigate the initiating events and emergence of vascular risk markers in infancy and childhood have been an area of particular interest in recent years.

A 9-year follow-up study of participants and nonparticipants in sigmoidoscopy screening: importance of self-selection.

Background: Self-selection may compromise cost-effectiveness of screening programs. We hypothesized that nonparticipants have generally higher morbidity and mortality than participants.

Methods: A Swedish population-based random sample of 1,986 subjects ages 59 to 61 years was invited to sigmoidoscopy screening and followed up for 9 years by means of multiple record linkages to health and population registers.

Prospective analysis of carotid arterial wall structure in pediatric renal transplants with ambulatory normotension and in treated hypertensive recipients.

Increased carotid IMT was found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors. As pediatric renal transplants are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, we examined whether there is a relationship between BP and IMT in normotensive and in treated hypertensive recipients after transplantation. Thirty-one recipients aged 10 +/- 3.

Expression of p16INK4a and MIB-1 in relation to histopathology and HPV types in cervical adenocarcinoma.

A total of 101 primary cervical adenocarcinomas were analyzed for the presence of p16INK4a and MIB-1 expression in correlation with the presence of 'high-risk' types of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and clinical outcome. We found that adenocarcinoma grading showed a significant negative correlation to p16INK4a levels (p=0.001): i.

Isolation of mouse hepatocytes for transplantation: a comparison between antegrade and retrograde liver perfusion.

We compared antegrade with retrograde liver perfusion when isolating mouse hepatocytes for hepatocyte transplantation. Male mouse hepatocytes were isolated by different perfusion methods and transplanted into the spleen of congeneic female mice. Retrograde perfusion yielded a larger number of cells (4.

Toward understanding nonparticipation in sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer.

Understanding the reasons for nonparticipation in cancer screening may give clues about how to improve compliance. However, limited cooperation has hampered research on nonparticipant profiles. We took advantage of Sweden's comprehensive demographic and health care registers to investigate characteristics of all participants and nonparticipants in a pilot program for colorectal cancer screening with sigmoidoscopy.

Microdialysis monitoring for evaluation of the influence exerted by pneumoperitoneum on the kidney: an experimental study.

Background: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy has become the first choice for living donor kidney transplantation, offering advantages over open donor nephrectomy. This study aimed to evaluate kidney tissue metabolism during and after pneumoperitoneum using a microdialysis technique.

Methods: Eight pigs underwent laparotomy and implantation of two microdialysis catheters: one in the cortex and one in the medulla of the left kidney.

Insufficient ketone body use is the cause of ketotic hypoglycemia in one of a pair of homozygotic twins.

Context: Childhood ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) is a disease characterized by fasting hypoglycemia and increased levels of ketone bodies. The cause is unknown.

Objective: The objective of the study was to study a pair of homozygotic twin boys, one of whom had severe KH from the age of 14 months, whereas the other boy was apparently healthy.

Comparison of the effects of chronic central administration and chronic peripheral administration of islet amyloid polypeptide on food intake and meal pattern in the rat.

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is postulated to act as a hormonal signal from the pancreas to the brain to inhibit food intake and reduce adipose energy reserves. The present study compared the effects of chronic peripheral and chronic central administration of IAPP on food intake and meal pattern in rats. IAPP was administered subcutaneously (SC) for 7 days at doses of 0, 0.

A comparison of liquid-based cytology and Pap smear as a screening method for cervical cancer.

The implementation of population-based screening for cervical cancer with Pap smear in the early sixties was set to detect and treat precancerous lesions, hopefully preventing a subsequent invasive cervical cancer. Epidemiological data indicate that organized screening has a major impact on morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. The limited sensitivity of a single smear necessitates repeated smears in organized program.

Visual working memory influences the performance in virtual image-guided surgical intervention.

Background: This study addresses for the first time the relationship between working memory and performance measures in image-guided instrument navigation with Minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer-Virtual Reality (MIST-VR) and GI Mentor II (a simulator for gastroendoscopy). In light of recent research on simulator training, it is now prime time to ask why in a search for mechanisms rather than show repeatedly that conventional curriculum for simulation training has effect.

Methods: The participants in this study were 28 Swedish medical students taking their course in basic surgery.

Effect of fasting on young adults who have symptoms of hypoglycemia in the absence of frequent meals.

Background And Objectives: Among otherwise healthy adults, there is a subgroup of individuals who develop symptoms of hypoglycemia during episodes of food restriction. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such individuals develop hypoglycemia or react abnormally in other metabolic aspects during a 24-hour fast.

Subjects And Methods: Ninety medical students were asked if they wanted to participate.

Effect of extended cold ischemia time on glucose metabolism in liver grafts: experimental study in pigs.

Background/purpose: Recovery of normal carbohydrate metabolism in the liver after transplantation is highly important. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how short and long cold ischemia (CI) time followed by warm ischemia (WI) impact intrahepatic glucose metabolism in a pig liver transplantation model.

Methods: Twenty-six animals were divided into two transplantation groups: group I with a liver ischemia time of 5 h (n = 6), and group II with 15 h of liver ischemia (n = 7).

Target-focused medical emergency team training using a human patient simulator: effects on behaviour and attitude.

Context: Full-scale simulation training is an accepted learning method for gaining behavioural skills in team-centred domains such as aviation, the nuclear power industry and, recently, medicine. In this study we evaluated the effects of a simulator team training method based on targets and known principles in cognitive psychology.

Methods: This method was developed and adapted for a medical emergency team.

The impact of PACS on radiologists' work practice.

This paper identifies and analyzes how the implementation and use of picture archiving and communication system impacts radiologists' work practice. The study is longitudinal from 1999 to 2005 and have a qualitative perspective were data were collected by structured interviews in a total of 46. The interviews were transcribed, analyzed, and coded using grounded theory as an organizing principle.