Insect metamorphosis and chitin metabolism under miRNA regulation: a review with current advances.

Insect metamorphosis is a complex developmental process regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and hormonal signaling pathways. Key genes driving insect ontogenic changes are precisely modulated by miRNAs, which interact with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) to coordinate developmental transitions. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding miRNA biogenesis, their regulatory roles in gene expression, and their involvement in critical biological processes, including metamorphosis and chitin metabolism.

Electrosynthesis of Atomically Precise Au Nanoclusters.

Innovation in synthesis methodologies is crucial for advancing the discovery of new materials. This work reports the electrosynthesis of a [Au(4-BuPhC≡C)(Dppe)]Cl nanocluster (Au NC) protected by alkynyl and phosphine ligands. From simple precursor, HAuCl and ligands, the whole synthesis is driven by a constant potential in single electrolytic cell.

Gold/silver-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized indoles from -allyl-2-alkynylanilines and α-diazo compounds 1,3-allyl migration.

Gold-catalyzed synthesis of decorated indoles has been developed through carbene insertion into N-H bonds of -allyl-2-(aryl/alkyl ethynyl)anilines using α-diazo compounds followed by cyclization and concomitant 1,3 migration of allyl fragments. The developed protocol tackles the inherited challenge of direct C3 functionalization and eliminates the need for a tertiary aniline precursor for the 1,3-migration reaction. The applicability of this transformation is showcased through the practical synthesis of analogs of small drug-like and pharmaceutically relevant molecules such as ibuprofen, estradiol, menthol, and borneol, The mechanism is well supported by control experiments and isolation of the reaction intermediate.

Denoising complex-valued diffusion MR images using a two-step, nonlocal principal component analysis approach.

Purpose: To propose a two-step, nonlocal principal component analysis (PCA) method and demonstrate its utility for denoising complex diffusion MR images with a few diffusion directions.

Methods: A two-step denoising pipeline was implemented to ensure accurate patch selection even with high noise levels and was coupled with data preprocessing for g-factor normalization and phase stabilization before data denoising with a nonlocal PCA algorithm. At the heart of our proposed pipeline was the use of a data-driven optimal shrinkage algorithm to manipulate the singular values in a way that would optimally estimate the noise-free signal.

A dual-purification system to isolate mitochondrial subpopulations.

Mitochondria perform diverse functions, such as producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, synthesizing macromolecule precursors, maintaining redox balance, and many others. Given this diversity of functions, we and others have hypothesized that cells maintain specialized subpopulations of mitochondria. To begin addressing this hypothesis, we developed a new dual-purification system to isolate subpopulations of mitochondria for chemical and biochemical analyses.

Understanding problematic TikTok use: A systematic review of emerging diagnostic and therapeutic implications in clinical psychology.

TikTok's rapid rise has spurred concerns about its potential to cause problematic use behaviors, which some consider akin to addiction. This systematic review seeks to understand the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of TikTok use within the scope of clinical psychology. From September 15, 2023 to March 30, 2024 a systematic review was conducted to investigate whether this new pathological condition can be recognized as a behavioral addiction.

Radiological risk assessment due to radon in bottled drinking water sold in Kahramanmaraş town, Turkiye.

This research aimed to measure radon activity concentrations in bottled drinking water (BDW) samples consumed in Kahramanmaraş town, Turkiye. Also, to evaluate the health risk that may occur as a result of internal irradiation resulting from ingestion and inhalation of radon in BDW samples, the total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) for infants, children, and adults (1-2 y, 2-12 y, and > 17 y) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for adults (> 17 y) had to be calculated. For these purposes, 32 water samples of different volumes belonging to 8 different commercial brands, representing a large part of the BDW consumed as drinking water and sold commercially in Kahramanmaraş were collected by purchasing from markets.

Prediction of dementia using CT imaging in stroke (PRODUCTS).

Introduction: A better understanding of who will develop dementia can inform patient care. Although MRI offers prognostic insights, access is limited globally, whereas CT-imaging is readily available in acute stroke. We explored the prognostic utility of acute CT-imaging for predicting dementia.

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal the Genetic Architecture of Ionomic Variation in Grains of Tartary Buckwheat.

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is esteemed as a medicinal crop due to its high nutritional and health value. However, the genetic basis for the variations in Tartary buckwheat grain ionome remains inadequately understood. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on grain ionome, 52 genetic loci are identified associated with 10 elements undergoing selection.

The influence of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: A meta-analysis.

Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a major concern for patients undergoing cardiotoxic cancer treatments. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown cardioprotective effects in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. However, their impact on CTRCD risk remains uncertain.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Corneal Dystrophies: Advances in Molecular Genetics and Therapeutic Insights.

Corneal dystrophies are a group of predominantly rare inherited disorders. They are by definition bilateral, relatively symmetrical, and without systemic involvement, affecting corneal transparency and/or refraction. Traditional classification of corneal dystrophies is based on slit-lamp appearance, affected corneal layer and histological features.

Zebrafish ETS transcription factor Fli1b functions upstream of Scl/Tal1 during embryonic hematopoiesis.

During embryonic development vascular endothelial and hematopoietic cells are thought to originate from a common precursor, the hemangioblast. An evolutionarily conserved ETS transcription factor FLI1 has been previously implicated in the hemangioblast formation and hematopoietic and vascular development. However, its role in regulating hemangioblast transition into hematovascular lineages is still incompletely understood.

Evaluation of Department of Defense hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) using a novel Core Elements scoring approach and modeling Core Elements scores with metrics related to ASP outcomes.

Objective: Evaluate Department of Defense (DoD) antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) by assessing the relationship between key clinical outcome metrics (antibiotic use, incidence of resistant pathogens, and incidence of infections) and CDC Core Element (CE) adherence.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study of DoD hospitals in 2018 and 2021.

Methods: National Healthcare Safety Network Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratios (SAARs) were used to measure antibiotic use and microbiology results to evaluate four types of pathogen incidence.

Predictors for long-term incomplete nidus obliteration following stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify predictive factors for long-term incomplete nidus obliteration following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Material And Methods: A systematic search across the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases identified observational studies reporting such factors. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.

Thermal Adaptation of Cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenase Revealed by Deep Learning and Coevolutionary Analysis.

Protein evolution has shaped enzymes that maintain stability and function across diverse thermal environments. While sequence variation, thermal stability and conformational dynamics are known to influence an enzyme's thermal adaptation, how these factors collectively govern stability and function across diverse temperatures remains unresolved. Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH), a citric acid cycle enzyme, is an ideal model for studying these mechanisms due to its temperature-sensitive flexibility and broad presence in species from diverse thermal environments.

Electrochemical biosensing in oncology: a review advancements and prospects for cancer diagnosis.

Early and precise diagnosis of cancer is pivotal for effective therapeutic intervention. Traditional diagnostic methods, despite their reliability, often face limitations such as invasiveness, high costs, labor-intensive procedures, extended processing times, and reduced sensitivity for early-stage detection. Electrochemical biosensing is a revolutionary method that provides rapid, cost-effective, and highly sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers.

A mixed-methods study assessing the performance of a clinical decision support tool for testing for patients receiving laxatives.

Objective: To better understand clinicians' rationale for ordering testing for infection (CDI) for patients receiving laxatives and the impact of the implementation of a clinical decision support (CDS) intervention.

Design: A mixed-methods, case series was performed from March 2, 2017 to December 31, 2018.

Setting: Yale New Haven Hospital, a 1,541 bed tertiary academic medical center.

Assessing the safety of increased outpatient cephalosporin use following the modification of penicillin allergy cross-reactivity alerts.

Background: Concerns about penicillin-cephalosporin cross-reactivity have historically led to conservative prescribing and avoidance of cephalosporins in patients with penicillin allergy labels, potentially causing suboptimal outcomes. Recent evidence suggests a lower risk of cross-reactivity, prompting a reassessment of alert systems.

Objective: To assess the impact of limited penicillin cross-reactivity alerts on outpatient cephalosporin use and the incidence of adverse reactions in a healthcare setting.

Optomechanical Properties of Swine Skin Tissue Treated With a Nontoxic Optical Clearing Agent.

This study evaluated the optomechanical and structural properties of individual macroscopic layers in swine skin tissues treated with a nontoxic optical clearing agent. The clearing agent was prepared by dissolving 2,2'-thiodiethanol in a phosphate-buffered solution and applied for up to 6 days. Prolonged clearing increased both the total and unscattered transmittance.

When two become one: perceptual completion in pea plants.

Pea plants depend on external structures to reach the strongest light source. To do this, they need to perceive a potential support and to flexibly adapt the movement of their motile organs (e.g.

Optical label-free microscopy characterization of dielectric nanoparticles.

In order to relate nanoparticle properties to function, fast and detailed particle characterization is needed. The ability to characterize nanoparticle samples using optical microscopy techniques has drastically improved over the past few decades; consequently, there are now numerous microscopy methods available for detailed characterization of particles with nanometric size. However, there is currently no "one size fits all" solution to the problem of nanoparticle characterization.

Controversy and multiple roles of the solitary nucleus receptor Nur77 in disease and physiology.

Neuron-derived clone 77 (Nur77), a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family, is expressed and activated rapidly in response to diverse physiological and pathological stimuli. It exerts complex biological functions, including roles in the nervous system, genome integrity, cell differentiation, homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy, aging, and infection. Recent studies suggest that Nur77 agonists alleviate symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in such conditions.