BNC210, an α7 Nicotinic Receptor Modulator, in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious, debilitating, and prevalent psychiatric condition occurring in people who are traumatized and experience intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings that persist. BNC210 is a novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-negative allosteric modulator developed to treat PTSD.

Methods: ATTUNE was a randomized, double-blind, phase 2b, placebo-controlled trial.

Antimicrobial prescribing practices for enteric bacterial infections in an integrated health care system, Wisconsin, 2004-2017.

Background: Few studies have evaluated antibiotic prescribing practices for bacterial enteric infections. Unnecessary antibiotics can result in adverse events and contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We assessed treatment practices among patients with laboratory-confirmed enteric infections in a regional healthcare system in Wisconsin, USA.

The number needed to teach: A framework for health professions education.

What Is The Educational Challenge?: Health professions education is continually limited by financial resources with increasing demands for accountability. Judicious resource allocation across competing demands rests on frameworks for analyzing and comparing costs and outcomes.

What Are The Proposed Solutions?: We suggest health professions educators use the number needed to teach (NNTe) for reporting and communicating such analyses for teaching and learning.

A Randomized Trial Comparing Inhaled Insulin Plus Basal Insulin Versus Usual Care in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate a regimen of inhaled Technosphere insulin (TI) plus insulin degludec in adults with type 1 diabetes, who prestudy were predominately using either an automated insulin delivery (AID) system or multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) with continuous glucose monitoring.

Research Design And Methods: At 19 sites, adults with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to TI plus insulin degludec (N = 62) or usual care (UC) with continuation of prestudy insulin delivery method (N = 61) for 17 weeks.

Results: Prestudy, AID was used by 48% and MDI by 45%.

Rapid methods for multi-level dissemination of neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 outpatients: designing for dissemination using the fit to context framework.

Introduction: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need for the rapid and equitable translation of knowledge and effective treatments to reach vulnerable populations in response to the ever-shifting pandemic environment. The approval of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment of outpatient COVID-19 resulted in a need to rapidly design dissemination strategies to increase awareness and equitable access for community members and healthcare providers.

Materials And Methods: We used the Fit to Context (F2C) Framework for Designing for Dissemination and Sustainability to (a) design products such as messages and materials, and (b) disseminate the products.

Navigating the Orthopaedic Maze as a New Patient: A National Mystery Caller Study on Medicaid Coverage and Access to Specialized Surgeons.

Introduction: Medicaid coverage is associated with longer appointment wait times, decreased access to care, and poorer health outcomes compared with private insurance across medical subspecialties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new patient appointment wait times for subspecialty Orthopaedic care based on insurance type and to identify factors influencing these wait times.

Methods: Orthopaedic physicians were identified using the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons patient-facing database in the fields of Adult Reconstruction, Foot and Ankle, Hand, Sports Medicine, Spine, Pediatric, and General Orthopaedic surgery.

Do we still need a canary in the coal mine for laboratory animal facilities? A systematic review of environmental health monitoring versus soiled bedding sentinels.

Introduction: Despite increasing evidence that Environmental Health Monitoring (EHM) is an effective method to perform rodent colony health surveillance, promotes the 3Rs as a Replacement, is comparable or reduces cost, and demonstrates labor benefits, many research institutions continue to use live Soiled Bedding Sentinels (SBS). Some veterinarians and others responsible for rodent colony health monitoring remain cautious of the evidence supporting this new technology. Therefore, our objective was to perform a formal systematic review to identify, summarize, and evaluate the research on the efficacy of EHM as compared to SBS.

Modeling cystic fibrosis patient prognosis: Nomograms to predict lung transplantation and survival prior to highly effective modular therapy.

Background: The duration of time a person with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) spends on the lung transplant waitlist is dependent on waitlist and post-transplant survival probabilities and can extend up to 2 years. Understanding the characteristics involved with lung transplant and survival prognoses may help guide decision making by the patient, the referring CF Center and the transplant team.

Methods: This study seeks to identify clinical predictors of lung transplant and survival of individuals with CF using 29,847 subjects from 2003-2014 entered in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR).

Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking: Systematic Review of Empirical Studies.

To systematically review studies presenting quantitative data on the experiences of patients and providers engaged in VSED. Voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED) to purposefully accelerate the end of life is uncommon but likely accounts for thousands of deaths per year. A single systematic review of literature was published in 2014.

SARS-CoV-2 coinfections among pertussis cases identified through the Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance system in the United States, January 2020-February 2023.

Background: Bacterial and viral respiratory coinfections are common, but the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pertussis cases has not been estimated. We examine the prevalence and temporality of SARS-CoV-2 infections among pertussis patients and describe pertussis clinical severity among patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 coinfections.

Methods: Confirmed and probable pertussis cases among individuals with cough onset between January 1, 2020 and February 15, 2023 were identified through surveillance in seven Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) sites.

Move or Not to Move: Factors of Mind-Body Practice Engagement in a Population-Based Study.

Mind-body practices (MBPs), which include seated- (meditation) and movement-based practices (yoga, Tai Chi, ), have grown increasingly popular in the United States for improving mental and physical wellness. While literature has identified socioeconomic and health-related factors related to seated- and movement-MBP engagement separately, no studies have explored the factors associated with combined-MBP use. This study accordingly used Anderson's behavioral model of health service utilization to explore sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with seated-, movement-, and combined-MBP engagement among a representative adult sample in the 2017 National Health Interview Survey.

Principles of Stereotactic Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Stereotactic procedures are used to manage a diverse set of patients across a variety of clinical contexts. The stereotactic devices and software used in these procedures vary between surgeons, but the fundamental principles that constitute safe and accurate execution do not. The aim of this work is to describe these principles to equip readers with a generalizable knowledge base to execute and understand stereotactic procedures.

A General Framework for Characterizing Inaccuracy in Stereotactic Systems.

Background And Objectives: Identifying and characterizing sources of targeting error in stereotactic procedures is essential to maximizing accuracy, potentially improving surgical outcomes. We aim to describe a generic framework which characterizes sources of stereotactic inaccuracy.

Methods: We assembled a list of stereotactic systems: ROSA, Neuromate, Mazor Renaissance, ExcelsiusGPS, Cirq, STarFix (FHC), Nexframe, ClearPoint, CRW, and Leksell.