Malperfusion in Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: This study describes in detail the clinical burden of malperfusion associated with acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) in a large, national cohort and the effect of treatment strategy on outcomes.

Methods: All patients undergoing repair of ATAAD between 2017 and 2020 in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were studied. Malperfusion was defined using STS definitions based on imaging or surgeon's evaluation.

Rectification of planar orientation angle switches behavior and replenishes contractile junctions.

In the early Drosophila embryo, germband elongation is driven by oriented cell intercalation through t1 transitions, where vertical (dorsal-ventral aligned) interfaces contract and then resolve into new horizontal (anterior-posterior aligned) interfaces. Here, we show that contractile events produce a continuous "rectification" of cell interfaces, in which interfaces systematically rotate toward more vertical orientations. As interfaces rotate, their behavior transitions from elongating to contractile regimes, indicating that the planar polarized identities of cell-cell interfaces are continuously re-interpreted in time depending on their orientation angle.

Validation framework for digital measures.

The adoption of digital measures in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) presents an opportunity to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of discovering and developing new therapeutics. For clinical measures, the Digital Medicine Society's (DiMe) V3 Framework is a comprehensive validation framework that encompasses verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation. This manuscript describes collaborative efforts to adapt this framework to ensure the reliability and relevance of digital measures for a preclinical context.

Say Real-time Linguistic Guidance Supports Novices in Writing Utterances for Conversational Agent Training.

Writing utterances to train conversational agents can be a challenging and time-consuming task, and usually requires substantial expertise, meaning that novices face a steep learning curve. We investigated whether novices could be guided to produce utterances that adhere to best practices via an intervention of real-time linguistic feedback. We conducted a user study in which participants were tasked with writing training utterances for a particular topic () for a conversational agent.

Recommendations to Advance Social Connectedness in End Stage Kidney Disease Care in a Post-COVID-19 Era.

Social connectedness, defined as a sense of belonging and inclusion among individuals and groups, is crucial for the well-being of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. This perspective employs a hypothetical case study to highlight the risks of social isolation and loneliness faced by ESKD patients. It offers guidance on how the ESKD community can effectively address these challenges.

The Safety Profile of Amiodarone Among Older Adults (age ≥ 75 years): A Pharmacovigilance Study from the FDA Data.

Background: Amiodarone is a widely used antiarrhythmic agent with significant toxicities and drug interactions more likely to affect older adults. Nevertheless, data regarding amiodarone safety in this population are limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from 2003 to 2024 .

Learning from the roundtable on obesity solutions experiences: A 10-year anniversary point of view.

The Roundtable on Obesity Solutions (ROOS), established in 2014, is a unique organization of multisectoral voices addressing the public health challenge of obesity. The ROOS brings together practitioners, researchers, funders, companies, health systems, government agencies, and the lived experience to dialogue and guide the national conversation about the multilevel challenges and opportunities related to obesity. This paper presents insights and key learnings from a symposium developed to celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the ROOS.

From Laggard To Leader: Why Health Care In The United States Is Failing, And How To Fix It.

Health care in the United States is among the most technologically advanced in the world, but it is largely failing to meet the needs of the nation. The US can claim international excellence in important areas of care, such as cancer treatment, and it leads the world in biomedical innovation and building a well-prepared and dedicated clinical workforce. The Affordable Care Act was a major step forward in expanding access to health care in the US.

Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Novel Scleral Fixation of the Light Adjustable Lens.

Purpose: The light adjustable lens (LAL) (RxSight, Aliso Viejo, CA) is a premium intraocular lens that allows for correction of residual refractive error and astigmatism following implantation. Herein, we describe the surgical approach and evaluate the visual outcomes of patients following scleral fixation of the LAL.

Methods: Retrospective, single-surgeon surgical case series of 3 patients (3 eyes) with intraocular lens complications, who underwent combined pars plana vitrectomy and sutureless needle assisted intrascleral haptic fixation of the LAL between April 2022, to August 2023.

Oral vs Intravenous Antibiotics for Fracture-Related Infections: The POvIV Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a serious complication following fracture fixation surgery. Current treatment of FRIs entails debridement and 6 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Lab data and retrospective clinical studies support use of oral antibiotics, which are less expensive and may have fewer complications than IV antibiotics.

GATA2 links stemness to chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.

Stemness-associated cell states are linked to chemotherapy resistance in AML. We uncovered a direct mechanistic link between expression of the stem cell transcription factor GATA2 and drug resistance. The GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2) plays a central role in blood stem cell generation and maintenance.

Pregnancy and Postpartum Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Maternal Health and Vascular Function in the Fourth Trimester.

Pregnancy is a vulnerable time with significant cardiovascular changes that can lead to adverse outcomes, which can extend into the postpartum window. Exposure to emissions from electronic cigarettes (Ecig), commonly known as "vaping," has an adverse impact on cardiovascular function during pregnancy and post-natal life of offspring, but the postpartum effects on maternal health are poorly understood. We used a Sprague Dawley rat model, where pregnant dams are exposed to Ecigs between gestational day (GD)2-GD21 to examine postpartum consequences.

Chemokine associations with blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier permeability and delirium.

Delirium is a highly prevalent neuropsychiatric syndrome characterised by acute and fluctuating impairments in attention and cognition. Mechanisms driving delirium are poorly understood but it has been suggested that blood cytokines and chemokines cross the blood brain barrier during delirium, directly impairing brain function. It is not known whether these molecules reach higher brain levels when the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is impaired.

Failed labral reconstruction of the hip can be successfully revised to another labral reconstruction: improved patient-reported outcomes at a minimum of 2-year follow-up.

The purpose of this study was to validate the success of revision arthroscopic circumferential allograft labral reconstruction (CLR) in nonarthritic hips, which, in the rare case of failure, had previously undergone labral reconstruction by the same surgeon. Using a minimum of 24-month follow-up, data from 24 hips having undergone revision CLR were analyzed to determine improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs). All included cases completed a minimum of 24 months follow-up, with a success rate of 96%.

Preoperative quantitative imaging use in predicting intraoperative decision for hip labral repair versus reconstruction.

Intraoperative assessment of labral quality determines arthroscopic repair versus reconstruction for hip labral tear treatment. T2 mapping technology discriminates between healthy and damaged cartilage. This study investigated if T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can preoperatively predict labral repair versus reconstruction.

"Doctor, I Want to Be Like This!": Exploring Global Beauty Body Standards Through a Multicenter Survey.

Background: Plastic surgery aims to enhance patients' positive features and improve perceived flaws without seeking complete transformation. The body is a living organism, not a sculptural object to be reshaped at will. Aesthetic standards are influenced by subjective factors, including technology and social media's effect on self-perception and beauty ideals.

The Influence of Migration Timing and Local Conditions on Reproductive Timing in Arctic-Breeding Birds.

For birds breeding in the Arctic, nest success is affected by the timing of nest initiation, which is partially determined by local conditions such as snow cover. However, conditions during the non-breeding season can carry over to affect the timing of breeding. We used tracking and breeding data from 248 individuals of 8 species and subspecies of Arctic-breeding shorebirds to estimate how the timing of nest initiation is related to local conditions like snowmelt phenology versus prior conditions, measured by the timing and speed of migration.

Sleep and cardiorespiratory function assessed by a smart bed over 10 weeks post COVID-19 infection.

Inadequate information exists regarding physiological changes post-COVID-19 infection. We used smart beds to record biometric data following COVID-19 infection in nonhospitalized patients. Recordings of daily biometric signals over 14 weeks in 59 COVID-positive participants' homes in 2020 were compared with the same participants' data from 2019.

Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections.

Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.

A Novel Fibrinolysis Resistance Capacity Assay Can Detect Fibrinolytic Phenotypes in Trauma Patients.

Background:  To evaluate residual fibrinolysis resistance activity (FRA) in plasma, a detergent-modified plasma clot lysis assay time (dPCLT) was established in which α2-antiplasmin (A2AP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are inactivated without impacting protease activity. We applied this novel assay to severely injured trauma patients' plasma.

Material And Methods:  Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced plasma clot lysis assays were conducted after detergents- (dPCLT) or vehicle- (sPCLT) treatment, and time to 50% clot lysis was measured ("transition midpoint", T ).

Characteristics of Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases Cases Among U.S. Children With Hematologic Malignancies Before and After Introduction of Thirteen-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 2005-2019.

Background: Children with hematologic malignancies (HMs) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Data on long-term IPD trends in U.S.