Conformational Alterations of the Cell Surface of Monomeric and Dimeric β2m-Free HLA-I (Proto-HLA) May Enable Novel Immune Functions in Health and Disease.

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are polymorphic glycoproteins expressed on the cell surface of nucleated cells and consist of two classes, HLA class I and HLA class II. In contrast, in mice, these molecules, known as H-2, are expressed on both nucleated cells and erythrocytes. HLA-I molecules (Face-1) are heterodimers consisting of a polypeptide heavy chain (HC) and a light chain, B2-microglobulin (B2m).

Diversity in the HLA-I Recognition of HLA-F Monoclonal Antibodies: HLA-F or HLA-Ib Monospecific, HLA-E or HLA-G Bispecific Antibodies with or without HLA-Ia Reactivity.

Previous investigators have used various anti-HLA-F monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to demonstrate that the tissue distribution of HLA-F is highly restricted. Notably, these mAbs differed in their immunodiagnostic capabilities. Specifically, mAbs Fpep1.

Cell Surface B2m-Free Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Monomers and Dimers: Are They Neo-HLA Class and Proto-HLA?

Cell surface HLA-I molecules (Face-1) consist of a polypeptide heavy chain (HC) with two groove domains (G domain) and one constant domain (C-domain) as well as a light chain, B2-microglobulin (B2m). However, HCs can also independently emerge unfolded on the cell surface without peptides as B2m-free HC monomers (Face-2), B2m-free HC homodimers (Face 3), and B2m-free HC heterodimers (Face-4). The transport of these HLA variants from ER to the cell surface was confirmed by antiviral antibiotics that arrest the release of newly synthesized proteins from the ER.

Antibodies for β2-Microglobulin and the Heavy Chains of HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G Reflect the HLA-Variants on Activated Immune Cells and Phases of Disease Progression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients under Treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, inflammatory, autoimmune, symmetrical polyarticular arthritis. It is characterized by synovial infiltration and activation of several types of immune cells, culminating in their apoptosis and antibody generation against "altered" autoantigens. β2-microglobulin (β2m)-associated heavy chains (HCs) of HLA antigens, also known as closed conformers (Face-1), undergo "alteration" during activation of immune cells, resulting in β2m-free structural variants, including monomeric open conformers (Face-2) that are capable of dimerizing as either homodimers (Face-3) or as heterodimers (Face-4).

Ramifications of the HLA-I Allelic Reactivity of Anti-HLA-E*01:01 and Anti-HLA-E*01:03 Heavy Chain Monoclonal Antibodies in Comparison with Anti-HLA-I IgG Reactivity in Non-Alloimmunized Males, Melanoma-Vaccine Recipients, and End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.

Serum anti-HLA-I IgG are present in non-alloimmunized males, cancer patients, and transplant recipients. Anti-HLA-I antibodies are also present in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), prepared from the plasma of thousands of healthy donors. However, the HLA-Ia reactivity of IVIg diminishes markedly after passing through HLA-E HC-affinity columns, suggesting that the HLA-I reactivity is due to antibodies formed against HLA-E.

Four Faces of Cell-Surface HLA Class-I: Their Antigenic and Immunogenic Divergence Generating Novel Targets for Vaccines.

Leukocyte cell-surface HLA-I molecules, involved in antigen presentation of peptides to CD8+ T-cells, consist of a heavy chain (HC) non-covalently linked to β2-microglobulin (β2m) (Face-1). The HC amino acid composition varies across all six isoforms of HLA-I, while that of β2m remains the same. Each HLA-allele differs in one or more amino acid sequences on the HC α1 and α2 helices, while several sequences among the three helices are conserved.

Effect of Luting Cement and Convergence Angle of the Preparation on the Internal Fit of Zirconia Restorations.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of luting agents and the preparation design on the internal fit of zirconia restorations. Sixty dies were prepared and divided in occlusal convergence angle of 6° (OC6) and 12° (OC12). CAD/CAM zirconia copings were fabricated (Lava All-Ceramic System).

Effect of Platelet Concentrates on Marginal Bone Loss of Immediate Implant Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: To evaluate marginal bone loss (MBL) in immediate implant procedures (IIP) placed in conjunction with platelet concentrates (PCs) compared to IIP without PCs.

Methods: A search was performed in four databases. Clinical trials evaluating MBL of IIP placed with and without PCs were included.

Biocompatibility of Preheated Giomer and Microfilled-Hybrid Composite.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic potencies of two light cured composite materials after heating on different temperatures and cured directly and through CAD/CAM overlay.

Materials And Methods: Composite materials (microfilled-hybrid Gradia Direct Posterior and Beautifil II) were heated in a Calset warming unit at three different temperatures (T1:37°C, T2:54°C, T3:68°C). A small amount of heated composite material was placed in a round mold (diameter 6mm; 0.

Endodontic Working Length Measurement Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Images Obtained at Different Voxel Sizes and Field of Views, Periapical Radiography, and Apex Locator: A Comparative Ex Vivo Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of working length determination by using an electronic apex locator, periapical radiography, and cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging obtained at different voxel sizes and field of views (FOVs) in extracted human teeth.

Methods: Thirty extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were used. The electronic working length measurements were performed by using an electronic apex locator (Root ZX; J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan).

Accuracy of virtual models in the assessment of maxillary defects.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the reliability of measurements performed on three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of maxillary defects obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D optical scanning.

Materials And Methods: Mechanical cavities simulating maxillary defects were prepared on the hard palate of nine cadavers. Images were obtained using a CBCT unit at three different fields-of-views (FOVs) and voxel sizes: 1) 60×60 mm FOV, 0.

The non-surgical management of a patient with Kostmann syndrome-associated periodontitis: a case report.

Kostmann syndrome is a rare, congenital immunological disorder caused by a mutation of the hematopoietic cell-specific LYN substrate 1-associated protein X1. These patients pose a unique challenge to the dental practitioner due to the severe oral infections that are often seen in this population. The patient described in this report is a 16-year-old female with Kostmann syndrome-associated periodontitis.

Relationship between Class III malocclusion and hyoid bone displacement during swallowing: a cine-magnetic resonance imaging study.

Objective: The displacement of the hyoid bone (HB) is a critical biomechanical component of the swallowing function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the swallowing-induced vertical and horizontal displacements of the HB in subjects with 2 different magnitudes of skeletal Class III malocclusion, by means of real-time, balanced turbo-field-echo (B-TFE) cine-magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: The study population comprised 19 patients with mild skeletal Class III malocclusion, 16 with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion, and 20 with a skeletal Class I relationship.

Osseous choristoma of the submandibular region: case report.

This report presents a case of osseous choristoma in the submandibular region of a 33-year-old female. Her chief complaint was painless swelling in the submandibular region. Panoramic radiography showed a well-defined, round, radiopaque lesion near the inferior border of the right mandibular angle.

Interpretation of chemically created periapical lesions using 2 different dental cone-beam computerized tomography units, an intraoral digital sensor, and conventional film.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic potential of 2 different cone-beam computerized tomography (CT) units and compare this with intraoral digital and conventional film in the detection of chemically created periapical lesions.

Study Design: Periapical lesions were created chemically in 27 intact roots of 23 teeth (6 incisors, 4 canines, 6 premolars, and 7 molars). Cone-beam CT and digital and film images of the teeth were obtained before and after the lesions were created.

Immunology, microbiology, and virology following placement of NobelPerfect scalloped dental implants: analysis of a case series.

Background: Cytokine-microbiology-virology monitoring after implant placement may help to develop profiles of variables that can help to explain interaction between the immune system and alveolar bone. Descriptive information at the molecular and cellular levels after implant placement is important in the emerging field of osteoimmunology and may help to formulate hypotheses and intervention strategies in periodontology and implantology.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the presence or absence of selected cytokines in association with periodontopathogens and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) after placement of dental implants.

Microbiology and cytokine levels around healthy dental implants and teeth.

Background: Elicitation of the relationship of periodontopathogens and pro-inflammatory cytokines to bone resorption and formation is significant to a growing body of research known as osteoimmunology. It is essential that clinically healthy peri-implant and periodontal sites are studied to contribute comparison data for investigations that are addressing diseased sites.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines in clinically healthy peri-implant and periodontal sites, and to examine whether cytokine levels may be related to specific bacterial/viral pathogens.

Multitomographic evaluation of the dental effects of two different rapid palatal expansion appliances.

Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is widely used in the treatment of transverse maxillary deficiencies. Generally, there are two types of RPE appliances: banded and bonded expanders. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the dental effects of banded and bonded appliances.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels during two different canine distalization techniques.

Objectives: To compare levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha while applying continuous and heavy interrupted forces.

Materials And Methods: A hybrid retractor was used in the first group. In the second group, rapid canine distalization through periodontal distraction was performed.

Forsus Nitinol Flat Spring and Jasper Jumper corrections of Class II division 1 malocclusions.

Objective: To compare the effects of Forsus Nitinol Flat Spring (FNFS) and Jasper Jumper (JJ) in the correction of Class II division I malocclusions.

Materials And Methods: Our research was conducted on 48 adolescents, who had a normal or horizontal growth pattern and retrognathic mandible. The patients were divided into three equal groups randomly.

Scalloped dental implants: a retrospective analysis of radiographic and clinical outcomes of 17 NobelPerfect implants in 6 patients.

Background: The scalloped dental implant (NobelPerfect, Nobel Biocare, Yorba Linda, CA, USA) is designed to biologically guide and facilitate interproximal bone remodeling during healing and to maintain bone height and papillae during functional loading. The design features of the scalloped implant include hard and soft tissue apposition areas, which are parallel to each other and mirror the cementoenamel junction. The hard tissue surface area is intended for osseointegration.

Use of zygomatic anchors during rapid canine distalization: a preliminary case report.

Rapid canine distalization is a technique involving periodontal ligament distraction. The primary aim of this technique is to distalize the canines without anchorage loss and to shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment. After the rapid canine distalization, the healing process of the periodontal ligament is similar to rapid palatal expansion and requires a consolidation period.

Dentofacial effects of asymmetric headgear and cervical headgear with removable plate on unilateral molar distalization.

Cervical headgear (CHG) is used widely in the treatment of Class II anomalies. Asymmetric headgear (AHG) is an alternative treatment for the correction of unilateral Class II dental relationships. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of AHG with those of a CHG combined with a removable plate in unilateral first molar distalization.