A two-level resolution neural network with enhanced interpretability for freeway traffic forecasting.

Deep learning models are widely used for traffic forecasting on freeways due to their ability to learn complex temporal and spatial relationships. In particular, graph neural networks, which integrate graph theory into deep learning, have become popular for modeling traffic sensor networks. However, traditional graph convolutional networks (GCNs) face limitations in capturing long-range spatial correlations, which can hinder accurate long-term predictions.

Immunogenicity and safety of the 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pneumococcal infections are a serious health issue associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)15 compared to other pneumococcal vaccines or no vaccination in children and adults. We identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Safety and tolerability of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulator BAY 2413555 in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in the REMOTE-HF study.

BAY 2413555 is a novel selective and reversible positive allosteric modulator of the type 2 muscarinic acetylcholine (M2) receptor, aimed at enhancing parasympathetic signaling and restoring cardiac autonomic balance for the treatment of heart failure (HF). This study tested the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of this novel therapeutic option. REMOTE-HF was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase Ib dose-titration study with two active arms.

The impact of antioxidant-ciprofloxacin combinations on the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in biofilms, driven by mechanisms like oxidative stress, is a major challenge. This study investigates whether antioxidants (AOs) such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and Edaravone (ED) can reduce AMR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (CIP). In vitro experimental evolution studies were conducted using flow cells and glass beads biofilm models.

The Cryo-EM structure of human CD163 bound to haptoglobin-hemoglobin reveals molecular mechanisms of hemoglobin scavenging.

CD163, a macrophage-specific receptor, plays a critical role in scavenging hemoglobin released during hemolysis, protecting against oxidative effects of heme iron. In the bloodstream, hemoglobin is bound by haptoglobin, leading to its immediate endocytosis by CD163. While haptoglobin's structure and function are well understood, CD163's structure and its interaction with the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex have remained elusive.

Deep neural networks and humans both benefit from compositional language structure.

Deep neural networks drive the success of natural language processing. A fundamental property of language is its compositional structure, allowing humans to systematically produce forms for new meanings. For humans, languages with more compositional and transparent structures are typically easier to learn than those with opaque and irregular structures.

Steering acidic oxygen reduction selectivity of single-atom catalysts through the second sphere effect.

Natural enzymes feature distinctive second spheres near their active sites, leading to exquisite catalytic reactivity. However, incumbent synthetic strategies offer limited versatility in functionalizing the second spheres of heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we prepare an enzyme-mimetic single Co-N atom catalyst with an elaborately configured pendant amine group in the second sphere via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, which switches the oxygen reduction reaction selectivity from the 4e to the 2e pathway under acidic conditions.

Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group.

There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers.

Environmental Conditions Modulate Warming Effects on Plant Litter Decomposition Globally.

Empirical studies worldwide show that warming has variable effects on plant litter decomposition, leaving the overall impact of climate change on decomposition uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis of 109 experimental warming studies across seven continents, using natural and standardised plant material, to assess the overarching effect of warming on litter decomposition and identify potential moderating factors. We determined that at least 5.

Cardiogenic shock in women: From risk factors to therapy.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) in women is a serious cardiovascular (CV) event associated with a high mortality rate. Non-ischemic etiologies are the most common etiologies in women, such as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, peripartum/postpartum cardiomyopathy, heart failure-related CS, or CS due to myocarditis or valvular heart disease. Although not being the most common etiology in women, acute myocardial infarction is still an important one.

Maternal postpartum infection risk following induction of labor: A Danish national cohort study.

Introduction: Induction of labor is a common procedure, and in Denmark, approximately one in four vaginal deliveries are induced. The association between induction and maternal postpartum infections such as endometritis, surgical site infection after cesarean section, urinary tract infection, and sepsis has been sparsely investigated. Our objective was to investigate the association between induction of labor and risk of maternal postpartum infection and to identify potential risk factors for infection.

Expanding the phenotype and genotype spectrum of TAOK1 neurodevelopmental disorder and delineating TAOK2 neurodevelopmental disorder.

Purpose: The TAOK proteins are a group of serine/threonine-protein kinases involved in signalling pathways, cytoskeleton regulation, and neuronal development. TAOK1 variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by distinctive facial features, hypotonia and feeding difficulties. TAOK2 variants have been reported to be associated with autism and early-onset obesity.

Mandatory surveillance of bacteremia conducted by automated monitoring.

Except for a few countries, comprehensive all-cause surveillance for bacteremia is not part of mandatory routine public health surveillance. We argue that time has come to include automated surveillance for bacteremia in the national surveillance systems, and explore diverse approaches and challenges in establishing bacteremia monitoring. Assessed against proposed criteria, surveillance for bacteremia should be given high priority.

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction normalizes patellar kinematics but fails to predict cartilage contact area: A prospective 3D MRI study.

Introduction: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the main patellar stabilizer in low knee flexion degrees (0-30°). Isolated MPFL reconstruction (MPFLr) is therefore considered the gold standard of surgical procedures for low flexion patellofemoral instabilities (PFIs). Despite excellent clinical results, little is known about the effect of MPFLr on kinematic parameters (KPs) of the patellofemoral joint in vivo.

Stem cell graft dose and composition could impact on the expansion of donor-derived clones after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - a virtual clinical trial.

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative intervention for a broad range of diseases. However, there is evidence that malignant or pre-malignant clones contained in the transplant can expand in the recipient and trigger donor-derived malignancies. This observation has gained much attention in the context of clonal hematopoiesis, a medical condition where significant amounts of healthy blood cells are derived from a small number of hematopoietic stem cell clones.

A sex-specific effect of M muscarinic cholinergic autoreceptor deletion on locomotor stimulation by cocaine and scopolamine.

Objective: Acetylcholine modulates the activity of the direct and indirect pathways within the striatum through interaction with muscarinic M and M receptors. M receptors are uniquely positioned to regulate plasticity within the direct pathway and play a substantial role in reward and addiction-related behaviors. However, the role of M receptors on cholinergic neurons has been less explored.

Incredibly emotional: interpreting trustworthiness in Danish courtrooms.

This paper explores how Danish legal professionals assess the trustworthiness of victims in criminal cases based on emotional expressions. It focuses on the alignment of these expressions with the nature of the crime, the social context, and the victims' social identities, and is based on findings from several ethnographic projects involving extensive observations of crime cases and interviews with criminal justice professionals. The research analyzes how victims' emotional expressions are scrutinized and interpreted within the context of Danish cultural norms, which favor "calm and quiet" behavior.

Distinct regulation of Tau Monomer and aggregate uptake and intracellular accumulation in human neurons.

Background: The prion-like spreading of Tau pathology is the leading cause of disease progression in various tauopathies. A critical step in propagating pathologic Tau in the brain is the transport from the extracellular environment and accumulation inside naïve neurons. Current research indicates that human neurons internalize both the physiological extracellular Tau (eTau) monomers and the pathological eTau aggregates.

The burden of headache disorders in the adult population of Morocco: estimates, and a health-care needs assessment, from a cross-sectional population-based door-to-door survey.

Background: We have previously shown headache disorders to be prevalent in in the adult general population of Morocco, especially migraine (30.8%) and headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+; 10.5%).

The cysteine protease legumain decreases glucose metabolism and enhances fatty acid uptake in human myotubes.

Skeletal muscle has an important role in whole body energy metabolism and various proteases are involved in skeletal muscle functions. We have previously identified the cysteine protease legumain in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. However, the potential role of legumain in regulation of energy metabolism remains unexplored.

Towards safe and reliable deep learning for lung nodule malignancy estimation using out-of-distribution detection.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models may fail or suffer from reduced performance when applied to unseen data that differs from the training data distribution, referred to as dataset shift. Automatic detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) data contributes to safe and reliable clinical implementation of AI models. In this study, we propose a recognized OOD detection method that utilizes the Mahalanobis distance (MD) and compare its performance to widely known classical methods.