Network-Based Methods for Deciphering the Oxidizability of Complex Leachate DOM with OH/O via Molecular Signatures.

In landfill leachates containing complex dissolved organic matter (DOM), the link between individual DOM constituents and their inherent oxidizability is unclear. Here, we resolved the molecular signatures of DOM oxidized by OH/O using FT-ICR MS, thereby elucidating their oxidizability and resistance in concentrated leachates. The comprehensive gradual fragmentation of complex leachate DOM was then revealed through a modified machine-learning framework based on 43 key pathways during ozonation.

Transcription factor prediction using protein 3D secondary structures.

Motivation: Transcription factors (TFs) are DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression. Traditional methods predict a protein as a TF if the protein contains any DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of known TFs. However, this approach fails to identify a novel TF that does not contain any known DBDs.

Genetic and environmental influences on alcohol consumption in middle to late life.

Objective: Alcohol use is common in older adults and linked to poor health and aging outcomes. Studies have demonstrated genetic and environmental contributions to the quantity of alcohol consumption in mid-to-late life, but less is known about whether these influences are moderated by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and educational attainment. This study sought to better understand sociodemographic trends in alcohol consumption across the second half of the life course and their underlying genetic and environmental influences.

Genomic prediction for yield and malting traits in barley using metabolomic and near-infrared spectra.

Genetic variation for malting quality as well as metabolomic and near-infrared features was identified. However, metabolomic and near-infrared features as additional omics-information did not improve accuracy of predicted breeding values. Significant attention has recently been given to the potential benefits of metabolomics and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies for enhancing genetic evaluation in breeding programs.

A fast region of interest algorithm for efficient data compression and improved peak detection in high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is commonly used for identification of compounds in complex samples due to the high chromatographic and mass spectral resolution provided. In subsequent data processing workflows, it is imperative to preserve this resolution to fully exploit the data. "Region of interest" (ROI) algorithms were introduced as a better alternative to equidistant binning for compressing HRMS data because they better preserve the mass spectral resolution.

Examining the learning curves in robotic cardiac surgery wet lab simulation training.

Background: Simulation-based training has gained distinction in cardiothoracic surgery, as robotic-assisted cardiac procedures evolve. Despite the increasing use of wet lab simulators, the effectiveness of these training methods and skill acquisition rates remain poorly understood.

Objective: This study aimed to compare learning curves and assess the robotic cardiac surgical skill acquisition rate for cardiac and noncardiac surgeons who had no robotic experience in a wet lab simulation setting.

Performance of Noninvasive Tests for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrosis Resolution after Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Noninvasive tests (NITs) to monitor metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) progression and response to interventions are needed because of the risks of liver biopsy. A monocytes-based diagnostic test using perilipin-2 (PLIN2) and Ras-related protein-14 (RAB14) predict the severity of MASH and fibrosis. Here we compared the performances of PLIN2 and RAB14 with cytokeratin-18 (CK18) assessed by Ella™ or M65 ELISA in predicting MASH and fibrosis resolution following bariatric surgery in a longitudinal and histologically characterized cohort of individuals with obesity.

Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene Sequence Variations and Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer.

Importance: Heterogeneity in development of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific first primary breast cancer exists due to deleterious germline variants in moderate- to high-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, but it is unknown if these associations occur in ER-specific CBC.

Objective: To determine the association of deleterious germline variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes with ER-specific CBC development and whether ER status of the first primary breast cancer modifies these associations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study included CBC cases and matched unilateral breast cancer controls from The Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study, a population-based case-control study.

Impact of Trial Eligibility Criteria on Outcomes of 1183 Patients With Follicular Lymphoma Treated in the Real-World Setting.

The development of new first-line treatments for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) is becoming increasingly challenging due to already excellent survival outcomes. The present study investigated the outcomes of patients with FL who underwent contemporary first-line therapies but would not have been eligible for inclusion in recent trials and explored how commonly used in/exclusion criteria impacted their survival outcomes. This study included adult patients diagnosed with FL in the period 2000-2018 registered in the Danish Lymphoma Registry.

Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil Carnivora.

Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant Carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species.

Association between socioeconomic status and patient-reported outcome at 1 year after shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis or cuff-tear arthropathy: a nationwide cohort study of 2,292 arthroplasties.

Purpose:  We aimed to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and patient-reported Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) index at 1 year after hemiarthroplasty, reverse, or anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis or cuff-tear arthropathy.

Methods:  Eligible patients were identified using linked national data from the Danish Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry and Statistics Denmark between April 2012 and April 2019. Univariable and multivariable linear regression was used to identify the association between socioeconomic factors and the WOOS index at 1 year following primary shoulder arthroplasty adjusted for age, sex, underlying diagnosis, implant design, and comorbidities.

Association of patellofemoral osteoarthritis on patient-reported outcomes after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.

Background And Purpose:  In contemporary medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (mUKA), non-lateral patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) is not considered a contraindication. However, we still lack knowledge on the association of PFOA severity on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) after mUKA. We aimed to examine the association between PFOA severity and PROM-score changes after mUKA.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component, yet many genetic risk factors remain unknown. Integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and high-throughput proteomic platforms is a useful strategy to evaluate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) and to detect candidate genes and pathways involved in AD. Due to the novelty of these techniques, the identification of reliable protein measures through a comprehensive quality control is mandatory.

Biomarkers.

Background: Adequately diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in primary care can be challenging. Early symptoms often go unrecognized and other (neurodegenerative) diseases may be misdiagnosed as AD. AD blood-based biomarkers could improve the diagnostic process for cognitive complaints in primary care.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disease at an individual level and for the wider society. Despite huge research efforts the underlaying causes of AD is still not well understood. We know that lipid metabolism is fundamental for maintaining a heathy brain and that some of the strongest risk factors for AD, such as APOE4, affect lipids.

Dose-related effects of calcium to enhance the effects of L-tryptophan on gut hormones and energy intake in obesity.

Context: In males of normal weight, intraduodenal administration of calcium enhances the effects of the amino acid, L-tryptophan (Trp), to suppress energy intake, associated with greater stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) secretion (key mechanisms underlying the regulation of pyloric motility and gastric emptying), but not gastrin or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).

Objective: Given the implications for the management of obesity, the current study evaluated the effects of calcium, when administered alone and in combination with Trp, on gut hormone secretion, antropyloroduodenal motility and energy intake in males with obesity.

Methods: Fifteen males with obesity and without type 2 diabetes (mean±SD; age: 27±8 years; body mass index: 30±2 kg/m2; HbA1c: 5.

Biomarkers.

Background: Fluid biomarkers provide a convenient way to predict AD pathophysiology. However, few studies have focused on determining associations with tau neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the early preclinical AD continuum, relevant to prevention strategies.

Methods: Ninety-nine cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALFA+ cohort with valid F-RO-948 and F-flutemetamol PET, T1-weighted MRI, cognition, CSF, and plasma biomarkers were included.

Biomarkers.

Background: The driving mechanisms of structural brain alterations in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well understood. Previous heterogeneous findings in preclinical AD, including subtle atrophy and also increased grey matter (GM) volume, underscore the need for further exploration. This study uses an extensive fluid biomarkers panel to identify pathological drivers behind longitudinal GM changes in cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults.

Biomarkers.

Background: Cognitive Reserve (CR) refers to the brain's ability to maintain optimal cognitive function despite damage or pathology. The neural implementation of CR is a major research focus, and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has emerged as a promising imaging correlate of CR. We assessed RSFC as a function of two different proxy measures of CR and further assessed the impact of these brain networks on longitudinal cognitive performance in a sample of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Public Health.

Background: How and why healthcare utilisation and costs vary between patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is not well understood but is important in ensuring that efforts to improve the diagnosis and treatment of ADD are prioritised effectively. We aimed to investigate variation in healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) among patients with ADD in England and identify the clinical and demographic factors which characterise subpopulations with the highest HCRU.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study using Discover, a linked electronic health record database of 2.

Public Health.

Background: Poor sleep is associated with cognitive decline, and ∼45% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients experience sleep disturbances. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep (SWS) is linked to amyloid accumulation and APOE ε4-related genetic vulnerability to AD. Here, we investigate the effects of amyloid and APOE status on SWS, and their interaction, in a cohort of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at higher risk of AD.

Public Health.

Background: That some individuals fall below a functional threshold sooner than others, can be ascribed to differences in "brain maintenance", slope of change, or variation in previous level, intercept. Intercept differences may be captured in the concept "brain reserve". Searching for factors that modify outcomes, we need to distinguish how such factors associate with differences in level versus slope of brain and cognition.

Public Health.

Background: The Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) measure is commonly used in specialist research settings and clinical trials. In clinical practice, shorter cognitive assessments, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), are commonly used. A targeted literature search identified existing MMSE - CDR-SB mappings; such as Balsis et al.

Public Health.

Background: Lifestyle interventions targeting multiple Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors are effective strategies to prevent cognitive decline. Emerging evidence suggests synergistic effects between various intervention components, including lifestyle modifications, supplements, and pharmacological approaches. The PENSA study, part of the World-Wide FINGERs network, is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial following the Finger 2.

Public Health.

Background: New disease modifying treatments (DMTs) offer a new treatment paradigm in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This likely requires significant changes in patient management and need for added capacity for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring.

Method: We surveyed eight selected memory clinics in the three largest and two smaller regions of Sweden, plus one in each of Denmark, Finland and Norway on their current practice, number of patients by diagnosis and available resources.