Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Unraveling the Glucose-Lipid Connection.

Despite many years of research into the complex neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, the precise aetiology cannot be pinpointed down to one causative agent but rather a multitude of mechanisms. Current treatment options can alleviate symptomsbut only slightly slow down the progression and not cure the disease and its underlying causes. Factors that play a role in causing the debilitating neurodegenerative psycho-motoric symptoms include genetic alterations, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, general inflammation, neurotoxins, iron toxicity, environmental influences, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Association of IDH1 Mutation and MGMT Promoter Methylation with Clinicopathological Parameters in an Ethnically Diverse Population of Adults with Gliomas in England.

Molecular profiles can predict which patients will respond to current standard treatment and new targeted therapy regimens. Using data from a highly diverse population of approximately three million in Southeast London and Kent, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of IDH1 mutation and MGMT promoter methylation in the gliomas diagnosed in adult patients and to explore correlations with patients' demographic and clinicopathological characteristics. Anonymised data on 749 adult patients diagnosed with a glioma in 2015-2019 at King's College Hospital were extracted.

Applying the Surge Capacity Components for Capacity-Building Purposes in the Context of the EMT Initiative.

Background: On 16 January 2021 (EB148/18 Session), the World Health Organization (WHO) and Member States emphasized the importance of expanding the WHO Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) Initiative, investing in a global health workforce and multidisciplinary teams capable of being rapidly deployed, equipped, and fully trained to respond to all-hazard emergencies effectively. This resulted in the need to define a comprehensive framework. To achieve this, the EMT Initiative proposes the application of the four components of Surge Capacity, known as the 4"S" (Staff, Systems, Supplies, and Structure/Space), to build global capacities and capabilities, ensuring rapid mobilization and efficient coordination of national and international medical teams for readiness and response, complying with crisis standards of care defined in an ethical and evidence-based manner.

The Potential for Lifestyle Intervention Among Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Based on Patient Needs Including Smoking and Other Risky Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide, with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounting for 75% of cases. Transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) is the standard treatment, but it is associated with significant risks of complications and recurrence. Risky lifestyle factors, including smoking, malnutrition, obesity, risky alcohol use, and physical inactivity (collectively termed SNAP factors), may worsen surgical outcomes and increase cancer recurrence.

"I Prefer High-Intensity Exercise"-A Qualitative Study of Men's Experiences with a Nature-Based Exercise Program for People with Arthritis.

Arthritis significantly reduces health-related quality of life, causing pain, fatigue, and decreased physical activity. To address this, exercise is highly recommended. However, men are less likely to participate in rehabilitation compared to women.

Health and Liver Diagnostic Markers Influencing Glycemia in Subjects with Prediabetes: Preview Study.

Introduction: Glucose homeostasis may be dependent on liver conditions and influence health-related markers and quality of life (QoL) objective measurements. This study aimed to analyze the interactions of glycemia with liver and health status in a prediabetic population.

Subjects And Methods: This study included 2220 overweight/obese prediabetics from the multinational PREVIEW project.

The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19 Outcomes in Vietnam.

: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine on the outcomes of patients in three hospitals in Vietnam. : An observational study involved 3102 confirmed COVID-19 patients from Vietnam. Participants were classified into unvaccinated, partially vaccinated (one dose) (PV), fully vaccinated (two doses) (FV), and boosted (three doses) groups.

Long-Term Visual Field Progression in X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients.

We present an image that illustrates long-term visual field progression in patients with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) due to the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) and retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein (RP2) gene variants. Longitudinal data from 84 genetically confirmed XLRP patients were collected from the Danish Retinitis Pigmentosa Registry, spanning the years 1948 to 2014. A visual field summation image revealed the characteristic pattern of retinal degeneration and visual field preservation in XLRP.

CT-Free Attenuation Correction in Paediatric Long Axial Field-of-View Positron Emission Tomography Using Synthetic CT from Emission Data.

: Paediatric PET/CT imaging is crucial in oncology but poses significant radiation risks due to children's higher radiosensitivity and longer post-exposure life expectancy. This study aims to minimize radiation exposure by generating synthetic CT (sCT) images from emission PET data, eliminating the need for attenuation correction (AC) CT scans in paediatric patients. : We utilized a cohort of 128 paediatric patients, resulting in 195 paired PET and CT images.

Automated Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue Segmentation in Computed Tomography Using nnU-Net: Integration with TotalSegmentator.

Background/objectives: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in energy expenditure and thermoregulation and has thus garnered interest in the context of metabolic diseases. Segmentation in medical imaging is time-consuming and prone to inter- and intra-operator variability. This study aims to develop an automated BAT segmentation method using the nnU-Net deep learning framework, integrated into the TotalSegmentator software, and to evaluate its performance in a large cohort of patients with lymphoma.

Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Bioaccessibility in Commercial Marine Oil Supplements: An In Vitro Integrated Analytical Study.

Zooplankton such as copepods and krill are currently used to produce marine oil supplements, with the aim of helping consumers achieve the recommended intake of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs). Oils from lower trophic levels differ from fish oil in the distribution of lipids into different classes, and this can influence the bioaccessibility of fatty acids, i.e.

Calcium Signaling and Molecular Adhesion Processes May Hold the Key to Genetic Risk for Autism: A Molecular Pathway Analysis on Two Independent Samples.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limited interests, difficulties in social interactions, repetitive behaviors, and impairments in social communication. ASD tends to run in families, and twin studies suggest a strong genetic basis for the disorder. However, the definition of a genetic profile that indicates a risk for ASD remains unclear.

TrAnnoScope: A Modular Snakemake Pipeline for Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis and Functional Annotation.

: Transcriptome assembly and functional annotation are essential in understanding gene expression and biological function. Nevertheless, many existing pipelines lack the flexibility to integrate both short- and long-read sequencing data or fail to provide a complete, customizable workflow for transcriptome analysis, particularly for non-model organisms. : We present TrAnnoScope, a transcriptome analysis pipeline designed to process Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read data.

Targeted Genetic Education in Dentistry in the Era of Genomics.

The growing body of knowledge on the human genome and its variants points towards the significance of genetic factors in oral health and disease. Since the dental curricula have historically prioritized clinically oriented subjects, this focus has resulted in insufficient coverage of genetics. To leverage this knowledge in patient care, dental education must equip students with an understanding of the principles of genetics.

Contraction Heuristics for Tensor Decision Diagrams.

In this paper, we study the equivalence problem for quantum circuits: Given two quantum circuits, are they equivalent? We reduce this problem to the contraction problem of a tensor network. The order in which the contraction operations between tensors are applied has a crucial impact on efficiency, which is why many heuristics have been proposed. In this work, we use an efficient representation of tensors as a tensor decision diagram.

Editorial "Thermodynamic Optimization of Industrial Energy Systems".

Thermodynamic optimization of industrial energy systems is crucial for finding solutions to reduce energy consumption and mitigate losses, leading to environmental and economic benefits [...

Diffusion and Kinetic Theory on Very Long Time and Large Space Scales.

This paper extends the concept of epitropy, as introduced in previous work, to capture the effects of extreme tail behavior arising naturally over very long time and large space scales. Epitropy has some qualities that parallel entropy, although it is not quite the same. Its function is to capture the effects of a probability distribution function (PDF) having only a finite populated domain, which was introduced to eliminate divergent moment integrals.

In-Depth Phenotyping of -Related Disease and Its Role in 17q12 Genomic Disorder.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis defect 11 (GPIBD11), part of the heterogeneous group of congenital disorders of glycosylation, is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in . This rare disorder has previously been described in only 12 patients. We report four novel patients: two sib fetuses with congenital anomalies affecting several organs, including the heart; a living girl with tetralogy of Fallot, global developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, and atypic electroencephalography (EEG) without epilepsy; a girl with early-onset, treatment-resistant seizures, developmental regression, and recurrent infections, that ultimately passed away prematurely due to pneumonia.

Molecular Profiling of A549 Cell-Derived Exosomes: Proteomic, miRNA, and Interactome Analysis for Identifying Potential Key Regulators in Lung Cancer.

Background/objectives: Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cells, play a key role in intercellular communication and carry tumorigenic properties that impact surrounding or distant cells. The complexity of the exosomal molecular interactome and its effects on recipient cells still remain unclear. This study aims to decipher the molecular profile and interactome of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell-derived exosomes using multi-omics and bioinformatics approaches.

Circulating Glutathione Peroxidase-3 in Elderly-Association with Renal Function, Cardiovascular Mortality, and Impact of Selenium and Coenzyme Q Supplementation.

Low-selenium status was associated with impaired renal function, which improved after selenium and coenzyme Q supplementation in an RCT. Here, we evaluated serum glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx3) and its relation to serum selenium, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), renal function, mortality, and the impact of supplementation, which are all important, especially in elderly individuals. In total, 383 study participants (197 receiving selenium yeast and coenzyme Q and 186 on a placebo) were evaluated.

Antioxidant Responses and Redox Regulation Within Plant-Beneficial Microbe Interaction.

The increase in extreme climate events associated with global warming is a great menace to crop productivity nowadays. In addition to abiotic stresses, warmer conditions favor the spread of infectious diseases affecting plant performance. Within this context, beneficial microbes constitute a sustainable alternative for the mitigation of the effects of climate change on plant growth and productivity.

An In Silico Investigation of the Pathogenic G151R G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K Channel 4 Variant to Identify Small Molecule Modulators.

Primary aldosteronism is characterised by the excessive production of aldosterone, which is a key regulator of salt metabolism, and is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Studies have investigated the association between primary aldosteronism and genetic alterations, with pathogenic mutations being identified. This includes a glycine-to-arginine substitution at position 151 (G151R) of the G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium (K) channel 4 (GIRK4), which is encoded by the gene.

Prognostic significance of serum complement activation, neutrophil extracellular traps and extracellular DNA in newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer.

Purpose: We observed that the tumor microenvironment (TME) in metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and in other solid tumors can reprogram normal neutrophils to acquire a complement-dependent suppressor phenotype characterized by inhibition of stimulated T cell activation. This study aims to evaluate whether serum markers of neutrophil activation and complement at diagnosis of EOC would be associated with clinical outcomes.

Experimental Design: We conducted a two-center prospective study of patients with newly diagnosed EOC (N = 188).

Defining Structure-Function Relationships of Amphiphilic Excipients Enables Rational Design of Ultra-Stable Biopharmaceuticals.

Biopharmaceuticals are the fastest-growing class of drugs in the healthcare industry, but their global reach is severely limited by their propensity for rapid aggregation. Currently, surfactant excipients such as polysorbates and poloxamers are used to prevent protein aggregation, which significantly extends shelf-life. Unfortunately, these excipients are themselves unstable, oxidizing rapidly into 100s of distinct compounds, some of which cause severe adverse events in patients.