Public health economic modelling in evaluations of salt and/or alcohol policies: a systematic scoping review.

Background: Public health economic modelling is an approach capable of managing the intricacies involved in evaluating interventions without direct observational evidence. It is used to estimate potential long-term health benefits and cost outcomes. The aim of this review was to determine the scope of health economic models in the evaluation of salt and/or alcohol interventions globally, to provide an overview of the literature and the modelling methods and structures used.

The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in healthcare, necessitating standardized reporting guidelines. We present transparent reporting of a multivariable model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD)-LLM, an extension of the TRIPOD + artificial intelligence statement, addressing the unique challenges of LLMs in biomedical applications. TRIPOD-LLM provides a comprehensive checklist of 19 main items and 50 subitems, covering key aspects from title to discussion.

Saturation genome editing-based clinical classification of BRCA2 variants.

Sequencing-based genetic tests have uncovered a vast array of BRCA2 sequence variants. Owing to limited clinical, familial and epidemiological data, thousands of variants are considered to be variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Here we have utilized CRISPR-Cas9-based saturation genome editing in a humanized mouse embryonic stem cell line to determine the functional effect of VUS.

Dynamic transitions of initiator binding coordinate the replication of the two chromosomes in Vibrio cholerae.

The replication of the two chromosomes in the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae is coordinated by the binding of initiator protein RctB to a checkpoint sequence, crtS. Replication of crtS on the primary chromosome (Chr1) triggers replication of the secondary chromosome (Chr2), but the details are poorly understood. Here, we analyze RctB binding patterns in the V.

Structural basis of THC analog activity at the Cannabinoid 1 receptor.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant Cannabis sativa and approved for emetic conditions, appetite stimulation and sleep apnea relief. THC's psychoactive actions are mediated primarily by the cannabinoid receptor CB. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of HU210, a THC analog and widely used tool compound, bound to CB and its primary transducer, G.

Therapeutic Potential of Agmatine in Essential Tremor Through Regulation of Lingo-1 and Inflammatory Pathways.

Purpose: Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent movement disorder, yet current therapeutic options remain limited. Emerging evidence implicates leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein (Lingo-1) and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of ET. This study aimed to investigate whether agmatine, a biogenic amine neuromodulator attenuates tremors and modulates the expression of Lingo-1 and proinflammatory markers in a rodent model of ET.

Unsymmetric triazine-based triglucoside detergents for membrane protein stability.

Membrane proteins play a crucial role in a variety of biological processes and are key targets for pharmaceutical development. Structural studies of membrane proteins provide molecular insights into the mechanisms of these processes and are essential for effective drug discovery. Historically, these studies have relied on solubilization of the target protein using detergents, but conventional detergents often fail to maintain the stability of challenging membrane proteins.

Videolaryngoscopy in paediatrics: in search of the clinical evidence.

Despite the numerous recent trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have not conclusively shown superiority of videolaryngoscopy over other techniques for tracheal intubation of children. Clinical trials have shown significant differences using various outcome measures, but the overall clinical evidence remains weak. An international group of experts is currently working on developing good clinical research practice guidelines for paediatric airway management research, with the ultimate aim of identifying a core set of outcomes to be applied to develop future robust and comparable trials.

Identifying Bacteria Responsible for Non-Sulphate-Based Hydrogen Sulphide Production in Aquaculture.

The unintended microbiological production of hydrogen sulphide (HS) poses a significant challenge in engineered systems, including sewage treatment plants, landfills and aquaculture systems. Although sulphur-rich amino acids and other substrates conducive to non-sulphate-based HS production are frequently present, the capacity and potential of various microorganisms to perform sulphate-free HS production remain unclear. In this study, we identify the identity, activity and genomic characteristics of bacteria that degrade cysteine to produce HS in anaerobic enrichment bioreactors seeded with material from aquaculture systems.

Oral amoxicillin treatment disrupts the gut microbiome and metabolome without interfering with luminal redox potential in the intestine of Wistar Han rats.

Oral antibiotic treatment is well known to be one of the main factors affecting gut microbiota composition by altering bacterial diversity. It decreases the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, while increasing abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. The recovery time of commensal bacteria post-antibiotic treatment varies among individuals, and often, complete recovery is not achieved.

Does semaglutide reduce alcohol intake in Danish patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity? Trial protocol of a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the SEMALCO trial).

Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a massive burden for the individual, relatives and society. Despite this, the treatment gap is wide compared with other mental health disorders. Treatment options are sparse, with only three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapies.

Harmonization of alcohol use data and mortality across a multi-national HIV cohort collaboration.

Background: Alcohol use is measured in diverse ways across settings. Harmonization of measures is necessary to assess effects of alcohol use in multi-cohort collaborations, such as studies of people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: Data were combined from 14 HIV cohort studies (nine European, five North American) participating in the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration.

Protein oxidation: The effect of different preservation methods or phenolic additives during chilled and frozen storage of meat/meat products.

Lipid and protein oxidation have significant effects on the shelf-life and nutritional value of meat and meat products. While lipid oxidation has been extensively studied, it has been recognized that proteins are also susceptible to oxidation. However, the precise mechanisms of oxygen-induced amino acid and protein modifications in the food matrix remain unclear.

Consumer evaluations of commercially available plant-based cheddar cheese alternatives reveal inferior taste, nutrition and emotional appeal.

Many people in the Western world wish to reduce dietary reliance on animal-based and animal-derived foods. Plant-based (PB) meat and dairy alternatives can aid in this transition, but in the dairy category, only the milk market is well developed. Attention in the present research is, therefore, directed to PB cheese alternatives (PBCA), which were studied relative to dairy cheeses in a consumer taste test (central location setting) with 157 New Zealand (NZ) consumers conducted in 2023.

Improving ultrafiltration efficiency of acidified skim milk using bipolar membrane electrodialysis: Impact on protein concentrate composition, process performance, and fouling.

The efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) of acidified skim milk (SM) is impaired by protein aggregation and mineral scaling. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of acidification by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM), in comparison with citric acid (CA), prior to the UF process on filtration performance, fouling and composition of the protein concentrates. Electro-acidification, facilitated by a water-splitting reaction, decreased the pH of milk to ∼ 5.

The use of green technologies for processing lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius L.): Extraction of non-polar and polar compounds for concentrated-protein flour production.

This study aimed to promote the valorization of lupin seeds by extracting both non-polar and polar fractions to produce a protein-rich flour suitable for food applications. Green extraction methods such as Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and SFE followed by gas-expanded liquid extraction with ethanol/CO mixtures were employed. SFE yielded lupin oil with extraction yields ranging from 2.

Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of F-PSMA PET/CT and F-NaF PET/CT for Assessing Bone Metastases in 160 Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is increasingly used for primary staging in prostate cancer (PC), mainly because of its improved accuracy in detecting lymph node metastases compared with conventional imaging. However, the diagnostic benefit of PSMA PET/CT for detecting bone metastases is less well established. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of F-PSMA PET/CT and F-NaF PET/CT for detecting bone metastases in patients newly diagnosed with PC.

Efficacy and safety of the PHIL embolic agent in the treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: results of the PHIL-dAVF study.

Background And Purpose: Embolization is the first-line treatment for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF). The precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) embolic agent is a non-adhesive copolymer with specific features and endovascular behavior. This study assessed its safety and efficacy in a prospective real-life cohort.

Modeling the effects of heat stress on production and enteric methane emission in high-yielding dairy herds.

Given global warming and the growing dairy population, heat stress in dairy herds is of increasing concern. During heat stress, dairy cows suffer from compromised productivity and animal welfare in terms of reduced feed intake and milk production, decreased reproductive performance, and generally increased risk of health problems. These effects and their interactions are complex and are usually quantified separately, and thereby a comprehensive understanding of the herd-level performance is missing.

Lack of correlation between school reopening and trends in adult COVID-19 hospitalisations and death rates during the Delta and early Omicron periods: an ecological analysis of five countries.

Objectives: In this ecological study, we describe SARS-CoV-2 case incidence for school age and adult populations, COVID-19 hospitalisation and death rates during Delta and the early Omicron periods, before and after schools reopened in five countries.

Methods: Data were extracted from government websites. Cases and COVID-19 hospitalisation and death incidence rates were calculated during the Delta and early Omicron periods in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland and the United Kingdom, for two weeks preceding and six weeks after schools reopened.

The microalgal sector in Europe: towards a sustainable bioeconomy.

Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms that can be exploited to produce sustainable food and feed products, alleviate environmental pollution, or sequester CO to mitigate climate change, among other uses. To optimize resource use and integrate industrial waste streams, it is essential to consider factors such as the biology and cultivation parameters of the microalgal species and strains, as well as the cultivation system and processing technologies employed. This paper reviews the main commercial applications of microalgae (including cyanobacteria) and examines the biological and biotechnological aspects critical to the sustainable processing of microalgal biomass and its derived compounds.

Clinical characteristics, management, and malignancy rate of oral lichen planus: a European multicenter study.

Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous condition that includes a spectrum of oral clinical manifestations ranging from mild painless white lesions to painful erosions and ulcers. The purpose of this European multicenter study is to describe the general characteristics of OLP lesions, the clinical and histopathological diagnosis, and the management of OLP at different European Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery centers, in order to minimize selections biases and provide information about the current trends in the treatment of OLP across Europe.

Materials And Methods: Data and histopathological records of patients with OLP were retrospectives revised and only those patients that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria from the 2016 position paper by American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology were included.

CIFR (Clone-Integrate-Flip-out-Repeat): a toolset for iterative genome and pathway engineering of Gram-negative bacteria.

Advanced genome engineering enables precise and customizable modifications of bacterial species, and toolsets that exhibit broad-host compatibility are particularly valued owing to their portability. Tn5 transposon vectors have been widely used to establish random integrations of desired DNA sequences into bacterial genomes. However, the iteration of the procedure remains challenging because of the limited availability and reusability of selection markers.

Prognostic value of CD163 macrophages in solid tumor malignancies: A scoping review.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in development and progression of malignant diseases. Notably, CD163 TAMs likely perform specific pro-tumorigenic functions, suggesting that this subset may serve as both prognostic biomarkers and targets for future anti-cancer therapy. We conducted a scoping review to map the current knowledge on the prognostic role of CD163 TAMs in the five most lethal cancers worldwide: Lung, colorectal, gastric, liver, and breast cancer.