Associations between inflammation and striatal dopamine D2-receptor availability in aging.

Background: Normal brain aging is associated with dopamine decline, which has been linked to age-related cognitive decline. Factors underlying individual differences in dopamine integrity at older ages remain, however, unclear. Here we aimed at investigating: (i) whether inflammation is associated with levels and 5-year changes of in vivo dopamine D2-receptor (DRD2) availability, (ii) if DRD2-inflammation associations differ between men and women, and (iii) whether inflammation and cerebral small-vessel disease (white-matter lesions) serve as two independent predictors of DRD2 availability.

A non-conditioned bone marrow transplantation mouse model to study clonal hematopoiesis and myeloid malignancies.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a condition where blood or bone marrow cells carry mutations associated with hematological malignancies. Individuals with CHIP have an increased risk of developing hematological malignancies, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) of cells carrying CHIP mutations into irradiated mice are useful procedures to investigate the dynamics of clonal expansion and potential therapeutic strategies, but myeloablative conditioning can induce confounding effects.

Targeting PCSK9, through an innovative cVLP-based vaccine, enhanced the therapeutic activity of a cVLP-HER2 vaccine in a preclinical model of HER2-positive mammary carcinoma.

Background: HER2-targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, leading to significant improvements in tumor response rates and survival. However, resistance and incomplete response remain considerable challenges. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition is a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of dyslipidemia by enhancing the clearance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol receptors, however recent evidence also shows links between PCSK9 and cancer cells.

Can an organizationally anchored, multilevel intervention improve perceived stress and psychosocial factors in the workplace? A pre-post study assessing effectiveness and implementation.

Background: Organizational multilevel interventions have been called for as a means to improve psychosocial working conditions, reduce stress, and enhance wellbeing in organizations. However, these types of interventions are highly complex to implement and evaluate, and they remain scarce in the literature. In this study, we present the evaluation of a multilevel intervention conducted in a municipality setting.

The Danish Drowning Cohort: Utstein-style data from fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in Denmark.

Background: Effective interventions to reduce drowning incidents require accurate and reliable data for scientific analysis. However, the lack of high-quality evidence and the variability in drowning terminology, definitions, and outcomes present significant challenges in assessing studies to inform drowning guidelines. Many drowning reports use inappropriate classifications for drowning incidents, which significantly contributes to the underreporting of drowning.

Comparison of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing data quality for Clostridioides difficile genome analysis and their application for epidemiological surveillance.

Background: The burden of Clostridioides difficile as a nosocomial- and community-acquired pathogen has been increasing over the recent decades, including reports of severe outbreaks. Molecular and virulence genotyping are central for the epidemiological surveillance of this pathogen, but need to balance accuracy and rapid turnaround time of the results. While Illumina short-read sequencing has been adopted as the gold standard to investigate C.

Employment before and after initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation- a Danish nationwide registry-based cohort study.

Background: Patients treated with chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation have difficulties in maintaining employment. We aimed to estimate employment rates among dialysis and kidney transplant patients from 3 years before to 3 years after initiating dialysis or undergoing transplantation.

Methods: All first-time dialysis and kidney transplantation patients aged 18-65 years in Denmark from 2005 to 2019 were identified using the Danish Nephrological Register and linked with information about social security benefits.

Is maternal diabetes during pregnancy associated with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children? Insights from individual participant data meta-analysis in ten birth cohorts.

Background: Growing evidence shows that dysregulated metabolic intrauterine environments can affect offspring's neurodevelopment and behaviour. However, the results of individual cohort studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal diabetes before pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children.

Versatile nitrate-respiring heterotrophs are previously concealed contributors to sulfur cycle.

Heterotrophic denitrifiers play crucial roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycling. However, their inability to oxidize sulfide renders them vulnerable to this toxic molecule, which inhibits the key enzymatic reaction responsible for reducing nitrous oxide (NO), thereby raising greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we applied microcosm incubations, community-isotope-corrected DNA stable-isotope probing, and metagenomics to characterize a cohort of heterotrophic denitrifiers in estuarine sediments that thrive by coupling sulfur oxidation with denitrification through chemolithoheterotrophic metabolism.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery accelerated dental programme for medical graduates: a review of fourteen graduating years (2010-2023).

The accelerated dental degree, pioneered by King's College London (KCL) to facilitate dual qualification training pathways for primary medical degree trainees, has graduated its fourteenth class. The authors present data to demonstrate and analyse the success of the course, which was accumulated through an online questionnaire, direct communication with the alumni, a freedom of information request from KCL, and review of the General Dental and Medical Council registers. To date 133 students have graduated with updated information collated for 132 (99.

An overview of radiography research and publication productivity in Denmark.

Objectives: This paper presents the progress of publications with Danish radiographers in scientific journals. The objective was to gain an overview of research in radiography in Denmark by exploring how publications with radiographer involvement have evolved over time in Denmark. We conducted a literature search on February 20th 2024 to identify papers authored or co-authored by Danish radiographers over the past thirteen years.

MIRD Pamphlet No. 32: A MIRD Recovery Coefficient Model for Resolution Characterization and Shape-Specific Partial-Volume Correction.

Accurate quantification in emission tomography is essential for internal radiopharmaceutical therapy dosimetry. Mean activity concentration measurements in objects with diameters less than 10 times the full width at half maximum of the imaging system's spatial resolution are significantly affected (>10%) by the partial-volume effect. This study develops a framework for PET and SPECT spatial resolution characterization and proposes 2 MIRD recovery coefficient models-a geometric mean approximation (RECOVER-GM) and an empirical model (RECOVER-EM)-that provide shape-specific partial-volume correction (PVC).

Cross-National Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index Within Adolescent Populations: Findings From 43 Countries.

The five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is among the most frequently used brief standard measures to assess hedonic well-being. Numerous studies have investigated different facets of its psychometric properties in adult populations. However, whether these results apply to adolescents is uncertain, and only few psychometric studies employed adolescent populations.

Risk and prognosis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in Epstein-Barr virus-seronegative kidney transplant recipients - An observational cohort study from Norway and western Denmark.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) poses a serious challenge in kidney transplant recipients. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative recipients have a significantly increased risk of PTLD, but few studies have investigated risk factors for PTLD in EBV-seronegative recipients in the current era of immunosuppression. This cohort study from Norway and western Denmark included first-time kidney transplant recipients between 2007-2021, and estimated the cumulative incidence, risk and prognosis of PTLD.

The big, the small and the weird: A phylogenomic analysis of extant Priapulida.

Priapulida is a small phylum of 22 described species that are divided into two size classes (microscopic and macroscopic), distinguished by adult and larval morphology. Most priapulidans are rare or live in inaccessible habitats, and freshly collected material for molecular studies is difficult to obtain. With this study, we for the first time aim to resolve the phylogeny of extant Priapulida using transcriptomic, genomic, and morphological data.

Minimum initiatory concentration distribution of Mecillinam in clinical Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates from Europe.

Background: Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most common bacteria causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). It is considered non-susceptible to mecillinam, with no defined breakpoint and only few available minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) observations. However, this consideration does not correlate with clinical outcome.

Type 2 diabetes patients exhibit delayed but coupled bone remodelling, maintaining cortical porosity comparable to healthy controls: A histomorphometric analysis of trans-iliac bone biopsies.

Objective: Fracture risk is increased in longstanding type 2 diabetes (T2D). High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT scans have demonstrated higher cortical porosity in T2D complicated by microvascular disease (MVD). We investigated if cortical bone resorption is followed by inadequate bone formation in individuals with T2D complicated by MVD.

Comprehensive Extractables and Leachables Sensitization Analysis and Practical Application of a Risk-Based Approach to Sensitization Assessment for Parenteral Drug Products.

The Extractables and Leachables Safety Information Exchange (ELSIE) Consortium added to the sensitization potency analysis of Parris et al. (2023) by including the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI) extractable and leachable dataset (Johnson et al., 2024; Product Quality Research Institute, 2021).

Targeting antibodies dissociate from drug delivery liposomes during blood circulation.

Despite three decades of intense research, active targeting of liposomes have not been successfully achieved in a clinical setting. A potential explanation is that the clinically used liposomes lose their targeting abilities upon circulation. Here, we investigated if DSPE-PEG anchored antibody-based targeting ligands dissociate from clinically relevant drug delivery liposomes during circulation in mice.

Cognitive hierarchy in mood disorders and relations to daily functioning.

Cognitive impairment affects approximately 50 % of patients with mood disorders during remission, which correlates with poorer daily-life functioning. The hierarchical organization of cognitive processes may mean that some cognitive deficits, e.g.

The impact of operational trial approaches on representativeness: Comparison of decentralized clinical trial participants, conventional trial participants, and patients in daily practice.

Decentralized clinical trial (DCT) approaches - in which trial activities are conducted at participants' homes - have the potential to improve representativeness. We present a study that compared the demographics and cardiovascular risk factors of participants from a DCT (ASCEND) and a conventional trial with a similar trial objective (POPADAD) to those of patients in daily practice. We adjudicate that there are relevant differences when comparing the participants of the conventional trial and the DCT, with the latter providing better representativeness in terms of age, insulin use, smoking status, and body mass index, whereas conventional trial participants were more representative in terms of biological sex.

Risk of increasing soil nitrous oxide emissions by chemical oxidation modification on biochar.

Biochar is widely recognized as a soil amendment capable of mitigating soil nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. However, the effects of biochar modification, particularly through chemical oxidation, remain relatively unexplored. This study modified wood and corn straw biochars using HO and acid (HSO/HNO).

Microbial indicators for water quality in recirculating shower technology.

Recirculating showers save up to 70-80 % of the water and energy use of conventional showers, but water quality in these systems are not studied very well due to the technology's early stages. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of information available on which microorganisms were investigated and at which densities. Based on this platform we further aimed at identifying key microbial indicators and pathogens for monitoring water quality in these systems by integrating data from the top five waterborne outbreaks with findings from studies on (1) microbial investigations in reuse projects involving shower effluents or combined bathroom streams, (2) shower water effluents, and (3) biofilms in conventional showers.

Palliative management of malignant duodenocolic fistula: Case report on endoscopic duodenal stent placement and its clinical implications.

Introduction And Importance: Malignant duodenocolic fistulas are a rare but serious complication of advanced colorectal cancer. With the growing elderly population and increasing incidence of advanced colorectal cancer, there is a pressing need to explore palliative alternatives to complete resection, especially when a patient's overall health precludes extensive surgery.

Case Presentation: This case report presents a palliative approach involving luminal stent placement via gastroscopy in a patient with non-resectable, locally invasive colorectal cancer, resulting in a malignant duodenocolic fistula.