248 results match your criteria: "Democritus University of Thrace - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology[Affiliation]"

Diagnosis of Child Sexual Abuse.

J Clin Med

November 2024

Unit of Maternal-Fetal-Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrake, GR-68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread and alarming issue, with an estimated global prevalence of 12-13% (affecting 18% of girls and 8% of boys). Despite its prevalence, many physicians working with children have insufficient knowledge of the medical diagnosis of CSA. This lack of expertise, combined with the sensitive and complex nature of these cases, often hampers proper identification and management.

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LINE-1-Induced Retrotransposition Affects Early Preimplantation Embryo DNA Integrity and Pluripotency.

Int J Mol Sci

November 2024

Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Human Reproduction, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.

Retrotransposable elements are implicated in genome rearrangements and gene expression alterations that result in various human disorders. In the current study, we sought to investigate the potential effects of long interspersed elements-1 (LINE-1) overexpression on the integrity and methylation of DNA and on the expression of three major pluripotency factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG) during the preimplantation stages of human embryo development. Human MI oocytes were matured in vitro to MII and transfected through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) either with an EGFP vector carrying a cloned active human LINE-1 retroelement or with the same EGFP vector without insert as control.

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Appendiceal neoplasms are usually asymptomatic or associated with mild, nonspecific symptoms. Due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of specific symptoms, this clinical entity escapes the diagnostic consideration of the gynecologist, when women come in with right iliac fossa pain. A case is presented of a 56-year-old woman with a mass in the right small pelvis, which was preoperatively diagnosed as originating from the ovary.

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A super-giant basal cell carcinoma of the scalp.

Oxf Med Case Reports

December 2024

N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agiou Thoma 17 11527, Athens, Greece.

Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant skin cancer, originating from basal cells. However, it is regarded more benign than other skin cancers, in the majority of the cases. If left untreated, it can lead to various complications, degradation of quality of life and even mortality to the patient.

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: Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy in which the early pregnancy implants at the site of the uterine scar. Methotrexate (MTX) in lower doses can be used to treat CSPs. However, MTX administration is associated with a spectrum of side effects that include hematological toxicities.

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The purpose of this prospective case-control study is to investigate the correlation of the miR-143 gene rs353292 polymorphism in Caucasian women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to a matched control group with at least one live birth and without pregnancy losses. In total, 110 women with recurrent pregnancy losses and 95 control women were recruited. Peripheral blood was collected from all women, and the isolation of DNA was performed with Monarch Genomic DNA Purification.

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Background/objectives: Embryo implantation is a highly complex process that requires the precise regulation of numerous molecules to be orchestrated successfully. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play a crucial role in the regulation of embryo implantation. This article aims to summarize the key findings of the literature regarding the role of miRNAs in human embryo implantation, emphasizing their involvement in critical stages such as decidualization, endometrial receptivity and trophoblast adhesion.

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Pulmonary Endometriosis: A Systematic Review.

J Pers Med

October 2024

N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.

: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity, which mainly occurs in the pelvic cavity. Pulmonary endometriosis, or thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES), describes the rare presence of endometrial-like cells in the thoracic cavity and includes catamenial pneumothorax, catamenial hemothorax, hemoptysis, and lung nodules. Our aim is to summarize the results of all reported cases of TES.

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Introduction: Giant phyllodes tumors are fibroepithelial lesions whose diameters exceed 10 cm. Core biopsy represents the best diagnostic method in order to distinct fibroadenomas from phyllodes tumors. Wide surgical resection with clear margins is the standard of treatment.

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Cannabis Use during Pregnancy: An Update.

Medicina (Kaunas)

October 2024

Unit of Maternal-Fetal-Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrake, 8100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

The use of cannabis during pregnancy has emerged as a mounting cause for concern due to its potential adverse consequences on both the mother and her offspring. This review will focus on the dangers associated with prenatal exposure to cannabis, particularly those related to neurodevelopment. It will also discuss the features of maternal and placental functioning that are likely to have long-term effects on the offspring's development.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed global, regional, and national trends in injury burden and identified risk factors contributing to injuries using data from the GBD 2019.
  • In 2019, there were approximately 713.9 million injury incidents and 4.3 million injury-related deaths globally, with low bone mineral density emerging as the leading risk factor.
  • The findings emphasize the need for effective global injury prevention policies by highlighting the persistent impact of injuries on global health.
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The occurrence of multiple pregnancies is consistently and significantly linked to the growing use of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Even very young women opt for having multiple embryos implanted by medical professionals in order to increase the chances of a successful outcome. Our aim is to review the research on cesarean section rates and perinatal outcomes, like perinatal morbidity, risk of preterm delivery, and low birth weight (LBW) of neonates in multiple pregnancies that resulted from ART in comparison to those that were naturally conceived.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Recent efforts to stop smoking haven't been put into action yet, and it’s important to see what could happen if smoking rates stay the same or improve.
  • * Researchers used models to predict health outcomes by 2050 based on different scenarios of smoking rates, showing that cutting smoking could greatly improve health and life expectancy.
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Sperm DNA Fragmentation: Unraveling Its Imperative Impact on Male Infertility Based on Recent Evidence.

Int J Mol Sci

September 2024

Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.

Male factors may be present in up to 50-70% of infertile couples and the prevalence of male infertility accounts for 20-30% of infertility cases. Understanding the mechanisms and causes behind male infertility remains a challenge, but new diagnostic tools such as DNA fragmentation might aid in cases where the routine semen analysis is insufficient. DNA fragmentation, which refers to damages or breaks of the genetic material of the spermatozoa, is considered one of the main causes of male infertility due to impaired functional capability of sperm.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are significantly associated with multiple adverse reproductive outcomes such as miscarriages. Pregnant women are more susceptible to an HPV infection and its prevalence increases as pregnancy progresses. In this present review, we summarize the existing evidence indicating the potential impact of an HPV infection on the occurrence of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers studied strokes from 1990 to 2021 to understand how many people get them and how they are affected around the world.
  • In 2021, strokes caused about 7.3 million deaths and were a major cause of health problems, especially in specific regions like Southeast Asia and Oceania.
  • There are differences in stroke risks based on where people live and their age, and some areas actually saw more strokes happening since 2015.
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: Infertility constitutes a significant challenge for couples around the world. Ovarian dysfunction, a major cause of infertility, can manifest with anovulatory cycles, elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and diminished ovarian reserve markers such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels or the Antral Follicle Count (AFC). Blood-derived therapies including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been used in fertility treatments in women with low ovarian reserve or premature ovarian insufficiency.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic data of hematological malignancies in pregnancy. Leukemia in pregnancy is rare, and literature data are not extensive. Risk factors, epidemiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are not fully developed.

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Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

Diagnostics (Basel)

August 2024

Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54640 Thessaloniki, Greece.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant risks to pregnant women and those recently pregnant, leading to heightened mortality and morbidity rates. Vaccination has emerged as a pivotal strategy in reducing COVID-19-related deaths and illnesses worldwide. However, the initial exclusion of pregnant individuals from most clinical trials raised concerns about vaccine safety in this population, contributing to vaccine hesitancy.

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Galectin-3 belongs to a family of soluble glycan-binding proteins, which are increasingly recognized as modulators of pregnancy-associated processes, including proper placental development. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are significant complications of pregnancy, affecting millions of women annually. Despite their prevalence, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood.

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Article Synopsis
  • Adenomyosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows within the uterine muscle (myometrium), leading to symptoms like bleeding, swelling, and pain due to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
  • The condition can manifest either diffusely or as localized areas and is characterized by islands of benign endometrial glands surrounded by connective tissue, often with signs of recent or chronic bleeding.
  • Pregnancy tends to improve symptoms by inhibiting ovulation and causing hormonal and immune system changes, but adenomyosis can still lead to complications such as abnormal placentation and increased risk of bleeding during pregnancy.
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Split hand/foot malformation is a heterogeneous congenital disorder mainly presented with a median cleft of hands or/and feet. It can be associated with long bone aplasia, a syndrome also known as split hand/foot syndrome with long bone deficiency (SHFLD), which is a very rare condition. We report a very rare case of a male fetus with SHFLD syndrome combined with fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly (FATCO) syndrome.

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Milk is a biological fluid with a dynamic composition of micronutrients and bioactive molecules that serves as a vital nutrient source for infants. Milk composition is affected by multiple factors, including genetics, geographical location, environmental conditions, lactation phase, and maternal nutrition, and plays a key role in dictating its microbiome. This study addresses a less-explored aspect, comparing the microbial communities in human breast milk with those in mature milk from species that are used for milk consumption.

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is still the second most common cause of perinatal mortality. The factors that contribute to fetal growth restriction can be categorized into three distinct groups: placental, fetal, and maternal. The prenatal application of various diagnostic methods can, in many cases, detect the deterioration of the fetal condition in time because the nature of the above disorder is thoroughly investigated by applying a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods, which determine the state of the embryo-placenta unit and assess the possible increased risk of perinatal failure outcome and potential for many later health problems.

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