Iron homeostasis and neurodegeneration in the ageing brain: Insight into ferroptosis pathways.

Ageing is a major risk factor for various chronic diseases and offers a potential target for developing novel and broadly effective preventatives or therapeutics for age-related conditions, including those affecting the brain. Mechanisms contributing to ageing have been summarized as the hallmarks of ageing, with iron imbalance being one of the major factors. Ferroptosis, an iron-mediated lipid peroxidation-induced programmed cell death, has recently been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD).

Antidepressant Potential of Hispidulin Present in S. barbata D. Don: Mechanistic Insights through Neurochemical and Behavioral Assessments.

Background And Aim: This study aims to investigate the antidepressant properties of Hispidulin, a flavonoid present in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The selection of Hispidulin stems from its notable inhibitory activity against Xanthine Oxidase (XO), a parameter in the pathophysiology of depression.

An approach to target multiple proteins involved in anti-microbial resistance using natural compounds produced by wild mushrooms.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the number of patients infected by multi-drug-resistant bacteria have increased significantly over the past decade. This study follows a computational approach to identify potential antibacterial compounds from wild mushrooms. Twenty-six known compounds produced by wild mushrooms were docked to assess their affinity with drug targets of antibiotics such as penicillin-binding protein-1a (PBP1a), DNA gyrase, and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ILERS).

Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of millet in obesity through molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, and dynamic simulation.

Obesity, a prevalent global health concern, is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, which confers significant nutritional and health risks, including a shortened lifespan and diminished wellbeing. Central to the regulation of energy balance and food intake is the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein, which modulates the interplay between caloric consumption and energy expenditure. Given its pivotal role in obesity regulation, the identification of effective inhibitors targeting the FTO protein is imperative for developing therapeutic interventions.

A decade of pyridine-containing heterocycles in US FDA approved drugs: a medicinal chemistry-based analysis.

Heterocyclic scaffolds, particularly, pyridine-containing azaheterocycles, constitute a major part of the drugs approved in the past decade. In the present review, we explored the pyridine ring part of US FDA-approved small molecules (2014-2023). The analysis of the approved drugs bearing a pyridine ring revealed that a total of 54 drugs were approved.

An Overview on Antifilarial Efficacy of Heterocyclic Motifs Encompassing Synthetic Strategies, SAR, and Commercialized Medications.

Filariasis is one of the oldest, most dangerous, debilitating, disfiguring diseases and often ignores tropical disorders. It presents with a range of clinical symptoms, a low death rate, and a high morbidity rate, which contributes to social discrimination. This condition has major effects on people's socioeconomic circumstances.

Cardio-oncological dialogue: Understanding the mechanistic correlation between heart failure and cancer.

Aims: This review aims to elucidate the bidirectional relationship between heart failure and cancer by identifying their common and reciprocal risk factors. It seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic interactions between these two conditions, supported by evidence from preclinical and clinical investigations.

Materials And Methods: A thorough review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted to identify all possible interactions between cancer and heart failure.

Dexamethasone in COVID-19 treatment: Analyzing monotherapy and combination therapy approaches.

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the exploration of effective treatment options, with dexamethasone emerging as a key corticosteroid for severe cases. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone, highlighting its ability to reduce mortality rates, alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and mitigate hyperinflammation. While dexamethasone shows therapeutic promise, potential adverse effects-including cardiovascular issues, neuropsychiatric complications, lung infections, and liver damage-necessitate careful monitoring and individualized treatment strategies.

14-3-3 protein and its isoforms: A common diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

There is a molecular coupling between neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucomatous neurodegeneration (GN), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Many cells in the eye and the brain have the right amount of 14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3 s) and their isoforms, such as β, ε, γ, η, θ, π, and γ. These cells include keratocytes, endothelial cells, corneal epithelial cells, and primary conjunctival epithelial cells.

Ajoene: a natural compound with enhanced antimycobacterial and antibiofilm properties mediated by efflux pump modulation and ROS generation against M. Smegmatis.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a primary worldwide health concern due to relatively ineffective treatments. The prolonged duration of conventional antibiotic therapy warrants innovative approaches to shorten treatment courses. In response to challenges, the study explores potential of Ajoene, a naturally occurring garlic extract-derived compound, for potential TB treatment.

Triazole scaffold-based DPP-IV Inhibitors for the management of Type-II Diabetes Mellitus: Insight into Molecular Docking and SAR.

Diabetes mellitus, characterized as a chronic metabolic disorder or a polygenic syndrome; is increasing at a very fast pace among every group of the population worldwide. It arises due to the inability of the body to produce enough insulin (the hormone responsible for controlling blood sugar levels) or inability to utilize the insulin, leading to hyperglycaemic condition, which, if left uncontrolled gives rise to chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, coronary artery disease, cognitive impairment, etc. Several therapeutic approaches are available for the treatment of diabetes; among which dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors (gliptins) hold a significant place.

Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for fistula management: an overview of existing systematic reviews.

Background: Fistulas, abnormal connections between two anatomical structures, significantly impact the quality of life and can result from a variety of causes, including congenital defects, inflammatory conditions, and surgical complications. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative due to its potential for regenerative and immunomodulatory effects. This overview of systematic reviews aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in managing fistulas, drawing on the evidence available.

Polystyrene nanoplastics: optimized removal using magnetic nano-adsorbent and toxicity assessment in zebrafish embryos.

Purpose: The presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic ecosystems has raised serious environmental and health concerns. Polystyrene is one of the most abundant plastic polymers found in the environment. Polystyrene MPs/NPs have harmful implications for human health and their removal from the environment has become a serious challenge.

Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides: A promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory skin disorders.

Chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) impose a significant burden on both the skin and the overall well-being of individuals, leading to a diminished quality of life. Despite the use of conventional treatments like topical steroids, there remains a need for more effective and safer therapeutic options to improve the lives of patients with severe skin conditions. Molecular therapy has emerged as a promising approach to address disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact hypersensitivity.

Identification of Phytoconstituents from Natural Product Database as SIRT2 Inhibitors for Potential Role in Alzheimer's Disease: An In-Silico Screening.

Aim: We aimed to conduct in silico screening of the potential phytoconstituent from a natural product database to find SIRT2 inhibitors.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by behavioral and mental symptoms as well as a progressive loss of cognitive ability. Since SIRT2 may be detrimental to neurological illnesses, it is a prime target for research into SIRT2 inhibitors.

Cryo-EM structure of the human native plasma coagulation factor XIII complex.

The structure of human coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), a heterotetrameric plasma protransglutaminase that covalently cross-links preformed fibrin polymers, remains elusive until today. The heterotetrameric complex is composed of 2 catalytic FXIII-A and 2 protective FXIII-B subunits. Structural etiology underlying FXIII deficiency has so far been derived from crystallographic structures, all of which are currently available for the FXIII-A2 homodimer only.