Effect of dietary protein on serum hepcidin and iron in adults with obesity and insulin resistance: A randomized single blind clinical trial.

Background And Aims: Both obesity and iron deficiency are public health problems. The association between the two problems could be explained by chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity, which could stimulate hepcidin expression and modify iron concentration that the consumption of high-protein diets could prevent. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of high-protein diets with a predominance of animal or vegetable protein on serum hepcidin and iron concentrations in adults with obesity.

[Permanent health education for managers as a tool to combat institutional racism in a Northeastern Brazilian municipality].

This article discusses the experience of a permanent health education initiative focused on institutional racism with health professionals from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) holding management positions in a municipality in the interior of Bahia, in Northeastern Brazil. A workshop was held in September 2022, based on a problematizing methodology called the Maguerez Arc, conducted by residents of the Multiprofessional Family Health Program. Ten managers participated in the workshop, most of whom were women.

[Clinical approach to the patient with obesity document by the Argentine Society of Medicine, the Uruguayan Society of Internal Medicine, and the International Forum of Internal Medicine].

Obesity is one of the non-communicable chronic diseases with the highest increase in recent decades in Latin America, affecting children, adolescents, and especially young adults. Forty percent of adults have a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. Numerous studies have demonstrated a relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, diabetes, sleep apnea, and oncological diseases, among others.

The relationship of diuretics and dietary sodium in patients with heart failure: an analysis of the SODIUM-HF trial.

Background: SODIUM-HF was a large clinical trial testing dietary sodium restriction compared to usual care in patients with heart failure that showed no reduction in clinical events. It has been suggested that diuretic doses in response to dietary sodium modification may have influenced the trial results.

Objective: We assessed the effects of baseline diuretic dose and diuretic dose changes on clinical outcomes in the SODIUM-HF trial.

Understanding the health system drivers of delayed cancer diagnosis in public healthcare networks of Chile, Colombia and Ecuador: A qualitative study with health professionals, managers and policymakers.

Although the greatest delays in cancer diagnosis in Latin America occur in the provider interval little is known about the related factors. This study aims to analyze factors influencing access to cancer diagnosis -from initial contact with health services to confirmation- from institutional stakeholders' perspective in public healthcare networks of Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador. A qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study was conducted in two networks per country, using semi-structured individual interviews (n = 118; 23 to 58, per country) with a criterion sample of health professionals and administrative personnel from primary care (PC) (n = 41) and secondary/tertiary care hospitals (n = 47), network managers and policymakers (n = 30).

Lipoprotein(a) throughout life in women.

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a lipoprotein with multiple deleterious characteristics and is a recognized cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. The pro-atherogenic, pro-thrombotic, and pro-inflammatory features of Lp(a) are associated not only with atherosclerotic vascular disease but also with aortic valve calcification and all-cause mortality. One of the most interesting aspects of Lp(a) is that its level is determined by genetics in more than 90% of cases, with lifestyle habits having very little influence.

Brain reserve in hepatic encephalopathy: Pathways of damage and preventive strategies through lifestyle and therapeutic interventions.

Brain reserve is an important concept to understand the variability of damage associated with brain-related diseases and includes the adaptation of cognitive processes to preserve brain function. A good cognitive reserve might delay the onset of clinical manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases as well as hepatic encephalopathy, improving the quality of life in patients with chronic liver diseases. By stimulating activities and maintaining overall health, individuals may be able to enhance their brain's resilience to age-related changes and pathology.

Real-world data on the clinical features, therapy patterns, and outcomes of older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Latin America: A study from the Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano de Linfoproliferativos (GELL).

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of B-cell lymphoma, predominantly afflicting older adults. There remains a notable absence of data regarding DLBCL in older adults in Latin America.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 608 newly diagnosed Latin American patients with DLBCL aged ≥65 years.

Evidence gaps in orthognathic surgery: an international Delphi study.

The aim of this study was to assess the evidence gaps identified in a recent mapping review of orthognathic surgery by evaluating them through consultation with maxillofacial surgeons. Using the Delphi technique, a panel of surgeons who regularly perform orthognathic surgery was engaged. Potential participants were identified through articles included in the mapping review, peer nominations, and social media platforms .

Interventions for the management of long covid (post-covid condition): living systematic review.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of interventions for the management of long covid (post-covid condition).

Design: Living systematic review.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to December 2023.

Factors associated with loneliness in Latin-American family care partners during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: COVID-19-related restrictions led to an increase in overall loneliness and social isolation. Before the pandemic, care partners reported higher levels of loneliness and higher loneliness prevalence compared to non-care partners. Because of the spread and severity of the infections, and the access to support spread, we expect a different impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on LATAM care partners.

Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery as a Potential Determinant of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Remodeling: Is SGLT2 Cotransporter Inhibition an Alternative for Cardioprotection?

In heart failure (HF) patients undergoing cardiac surgery, an increased activity of mechanisms related to cardiac remodeling may determine a higher risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Given that atrial fibrillation (AF) has a negative impact on the course and management of HF, including the need for anticoagulation therapy, identifying the factors associated with AF occurrence after cardiac surgery is crucial for the prognosis of these patients. POAF is thought to occur when various clinical and biochemical triggers act on susceptible cardiac tissue (first hit), with oxidative stress and inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery being potential contributing factors (second hit).

Palbociclib and letrozole for hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

With the incorporation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in early breast cancer (BC), a better identification of biomarkers is needed. The PROMETEO II trial aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of palbociclib plus letrozole and to identify response biomarkers in patients with operable HR+/HER2- BC and residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The primary endpoint was the rate of complete cell cycle arrest (CCCA), centrally determined by Ki67 ≤ 2.

Nutritional status and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.

Background: Malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been associated with adverse outcomes. However, there is little information on the incidence of HCC during the compensated phase of LC in relation to the nutritional status.

Aim: To evaluate the association between the incidence of HCC in compensated LC and their nutritional status.

Strategic interventions in clinical randomized trials for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity in the pediatric population: a systematic review with meta-analysis and bibliometric analysis.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a prevalent hepatic condition linked to metabolic alterations. It gradually causes liver damage and potentially progresses to cirrhosis. Despite its significance, research, especially in the pediatric population, is limited, leading to contradictory findings in diagnosis and treatment.

Utility of the 2019 EULAR/ACR SLE classification criteria for predicting mortality and hospitalisation: development and cross-validation of ominosity score.

Objective: The 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria score (≥20 points) has been associated with poor outcomes. We aimed to evaluate its utility as a predictor for mortality and hospitalisation and to derive and validate an ominosity score based on the SLE classification criteria set.

Methods: Incident patients with SLE in a population-based cohort were included.