Exploring the relationship between sleep apnea and vestibular symptoms following traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex health problem in military veterans and service members (V/SM) that often involves comorbid vestibular impairment. Sleep apnea is another comorbidity that may exacerbate, and/or be exacerbated by, vestibular dysfunction.

Objective: To examine the relationship between sleep apnea and vestibular symptoms in V/SM diagnosed with TBI of any severity.

Neuropsychological deficit profiles for service members with mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Neuropsychological deficits are generally assessed in terms of absolute level of functioning, e.g. high average, average, low average, although there is increased interest in calculating indices of relative degree of decline, e.

Trends in Traumatic Brain Injury Among U.S. Service Members Deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2002-2016.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue for service members deployed and is more common in recent conflicts; however, a thorough understanding of risk factors and trends is not well described. This study aims to characterize the epidemiology of TBI in U.S.

Sub-occipital muscle pressure pain thresholds correlate to direction of symptomatic active comfortable sustained neck rotation testing in post-concussive headache: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To compare sub-occipital muscle pressure sub pain thresholds (PPTs) in individuals with persistent-post-traumatic-headache (PPTH) in relation to the presence or not of cranial nerve and/or autonomic symptoms reported during sustained neck rotation (SNR).

Background: Previously 81% of military service members with PPTH demonstrated symptoms with SNR up to 60 seconds. Of these, 54% reported symptoms in one (Uni-Symp) and 46% in both directions of rotation (Bi-Symp).

Possible autonomic or cranial nerve symptoms triggered during sustained neck rotation in persistent headache post-concussion: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To examine and categorize symptoms occurring within 60 s of vertebrobasilar-insufficiency (VBI) testing (left- and right-neck rotation) in individuals with persistent post-traumatic headache.

Background: As part of routine clinical cervical screening in our patients, we found extended VBI testing often triggered additional symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to document the prevalence and precise symptoms occurring during each movement direction of this test and determine any demographic or baseline signs or symptoms associated with a positive test.

Blood Biomarkers Predict Future Cognitive Decline after Military-Related Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with an increased likelihood of late-life dementia; however, the mechanisms driving this relationship are elusive. Bloodbased biomarkers may provide insight into these mechanisms and serve as useful prognostic indicators of cognitive recovery or decline following a TBI.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine blood biomarkers within one year of TBI and explore their relationship with cognitive decline.

Factor analysis of the Personality Assessment Inventory in service members with traumatic brain injury.

Primary Objective: To identify the factor structure of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) clinical scales for military service members with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Design: Retrospective analysis of existing data base.

Methods And Procedures: The sample included 210 service members with TBI who completed the PAI as part of a neuropsychological evaluation at a military TBI clinic.

Health and cognition among adults with and without Traumatic Brain Injury: A matched case-control study.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and presence of health conditions, and to compare associations of health and cognition between TBI cases and controls.

Methods: This matched case-control study used data from the TBI Model Systems National Database (TBI cases) and Midlife in the United States II and Refresher studies (controls).  248 TBI cases were age-, sex-, race-, and education-matched without replacement to three controls.

Longitudinal changes in brain parenchyma due to mild traumatic brain injury during the first year after injury.

Chronic gray matter (GM) atrophy is a known consequence of moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries but has not been consistently shown in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of uncomplicated mTBI on the brain's GM and white matter (WM) from 6 weeks to 12 months after injury. Voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) was computed with the T1-weighted images of 48 uncomplicated mTBI patients and 37 orthopedic controls.

A randomized clinical trial of plasticity-based cognitive training in mild traumatic brain injury.

Clinical practice guidelines support cognitive rehabilitation for people with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and cognitive impairment, but no class I randomized clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of self-administered computerized cognitive training. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a self-administered computerized plasticity-based cognitive training programmes in primarily military/veteran participants with a history of mTBI and cognitive impairment. A multisite randomized double-blind clinical trial of a behavioural intervention with an active control was conducted from September 2013 to February 2017 including assessments at baseline, post-training, and after a 3-month follow-up period.

Sleep disturbances following traumatic brain injury are associated with poor neurobehavioral outcomes in US military service members and veterans.

Study Objectives: This study examined whether sleep disturbances were associated with neurobehavioral outcome following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a well characterized group of service members and veterans.

Methods: Six hundred and six participants were enrolled into the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, 15-Year Longitudinal TBI study. All participants completed a battery of tests measuring self-reported sleep disturbances, neurobehavioral symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Distinct patterns of resting-state connectivity in U.S. service members with mild traumatic brain injury versus posttraumatic stress disorder.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is highly prevalent in military populations, with many service members suffering from long-term symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occurs with mTBI and predicts worse clinical outcomes. Functional neuroimaging research suggests there are both overlapping and distinct patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in mTBI versus PTSD.

Race/Ethnicity and Community Participation Among Veterans and Service Members With Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine racial/ethnic disparities in community participation among veterans and active duty service members with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs). Participants: Three hundred forty-two community-dwelling adults (251 White, 34 Black, and 57 Hispanic) with TBI enrolled in the VA TBIMS National Database who completed a 1-year follow-up interview.

Psychosocial and Functional Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Veterans and Service Members With TBI: A VA TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To identify psychosocial and functional predictors of self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms at year 2 following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs) within the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS).

Participants: A total of 319 service members/veterans enrolled in VA TBIMS who were eligible for and completed both 1- and 2-year follow-up evaluations.

Syllabic Diadochokinesis in Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury: Severity, Stability, and Speech Considerations.

Purpose Syllabic diadochokinesis (DDK) is a standard assessment task for motor speech disorders. This study aimed to compare rate and regularity of DDK according to the presence or absence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and severity of TBI, examine the stability of DDK over time, and explore associations between DDK and extemporaneous speech. Method Military service members and veterans were categorized into three groups: no history of TBI (control), uncomplicated mild TBI (mTBI), and moderate through severe (including penetrating) TBI (msTBI).

Cross-sectional study of major procedure codes among hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury by level of injury severity in the 2004 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Despite its public health significance, TBI management across US healthcare institutions and patient characteristics with an emphasis on utilization and outcomes of TBI-specific procedures have not been evaluated at the national level.We aimed to characterize top 10 procedure codes among hospitalized adults with TBI as primary diagnosis by injury severity.A Cross-sectional study was conducted using 546, 548 hospitalization records from the 2004 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample were analyzed.

Demographic and Mental Health Predictors of Arrests Up to 10 Years Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: Examine rates and predictors of arrests in Veterans and Service Members (V/SM) who received inpatient rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Veterans Administration (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers.

Participants: A total of 948 V/SM drawn from the VA TBI Model Systems cohort with arrest data up to 10 years post-TBI.

Burden of Behavioral Health Comorbidities on Outpatient Health Care Utilization by Active Duty Service Members With a First Documented mTBI.

Objective: More than 280,000 Active Duty Service Members (ADSMs) sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) between 2000 and 2019 (Q3). Previous studies of veterans have shown higher utilization of outpatient health clinics by veterans diagnosed with mTBI. Additionally, veterans with mTBI and comorbid behavioral health (BH) conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance use disorders have significantly higher health care utilization than veterans diagnosed with mTBI alone.

Brain Injury: What Influences the Beliefs U.S. Service Members Have About Reporting and Seeking Care?

Introduction: Despite the recent Department of Defense emphasis on traumatic brain injury (TBI) education and improvements in treatment, social, and attitudinal beliefs instilled in the military community hinder seeking medical assistance at the time of injury. This survey research presents injury reporting and care seeking behavioral patterns of service members (SMs) stationed in the Landstuhl catchment area in the context of TBI. This descriptive study investigated whether sociocultural factors influence health decision-making among SMs stationed abroad and how these compare to the SMs stationed in Fort Bliss and Fort Hood.

The effect of phototherapy on sleep during acute rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.

: To examine the impact of bright white light (BWL) exposure on sleep quality in persons with recent traumatic brain injury (TBI).: Randomized, controlled device-sham study: 3 TBI Model System inpatient rehabilitation units: 131 participants (mean 40.9 years, 68% male): Intervention group (N = 65) received BWL (1260 lux at 20 inches, 440-480 nanometers length) for 30 minutes each morning at 12-24 inches from the face.

Molecular and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury: Principles for Investigation and Integration.

The last 20 years have seen the advent of new technologies that enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is recognition that TBI affects the brain beyond initial injury, in some cases inciting a progressive neuropathology that leads to chronic impairments. Medical researchers are now searching for biomarkers to detect and monitor this condition.

Enhancing behavioral sleep care with digital technology: study protocol for a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness randomized trial.

Background: Insomnia affects almost one in four military service members and veterans. The first-line recommended treatment for insomnia is cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI). CBTI is typically delivered in-person or online over one-to-four sessions (brief versions) or five-to-eight sessions (standard versions) by a licensed doctoral or masters-level clinician with extensive training in behavioral sleep medicine.