Financial Capability Interventions Used for Specific Diagnoses Related to Functional Impairment: A Scoping Review.

Importance: Occupational therapists often address financial occupations of clients with acquired functional impairments who experience challenges with financial capability (FC).

Objective: To explore the intervention literature aimed at improving FC in five diagnostic adult populations.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, EconLit, and EMBASE; researchers also completed backward and forward citation searching and contacted expert authors.

Moral injury associated with increased odds of past-year mental health disorders: a Canadian Armed Forces examination.

Potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs) are common during military service. However, it is unclear to what extent PMIEs are related to well-established adverse mental health outcomes. The objective of this study was to use a population-based survey to determine the associations between moral injury endorsement and the presence of past-year mental health disorders in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel and Veterans.

Risk Factors for Moral Injury Among Canadian Armed Forces Personnel.

Objectives: The traumatic nature of high-risk military deployment events, such as combat, is well-recognized. However, whether other service-related events and demographic factors increase the risk of moral injury (MI), which is defined by consequences of highly stressful and morally-laden experiences, is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine determinants of MI in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel.

Improvement and Retention of Wheelchair Skills Training for Students in Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Education.

Importance: Although an essential component of best practice, wheelchair skills training is often inadequate; occupational therapy practitioners' professional preparation is a contributing factor.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a boot camp on capacity and self-efficacy in wheelchair skills and self-efficacy in clinical practice, retention of improvements, and effective boot-camp attributes.

Design: Concurrent, embedded, mixed-methods cohort design that used blinded, repeated-measures quantitative evaluation with 4-mo follow-up and directed content analysis of a qualitative questionnaire.

An initial review of residual symptoms after empirically supported trauma-focused cognitive behavioral psychological treatment.

Objective: Although residual symptoms remain following clinical treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about the characteristics of these residual symptoms. We aimed to determine the type, severity, and frequency of symptoms that remain after trauma-focused psychotherapy.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 51 randomized controlled trials of empirically supported psychosocial interventions for PTSD (68 total treatment arms).

Comorbidity Patterns of Psychiatric Conditions in Canadian Armed Forces Personnel.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often accompanied by other mental health conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), substance misuse disorders, and anxiety disorders. The objective of the current study is to delineate classes of comorbidity and investigate predictors of comorbidity classes amongst a sample of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Regular Force personnel.

Methods: Latent class analyses (LCAs) were applied to cross-sectional data obtained between April and August 2013 from a nationally representative random sample of 6700 CAF Regular Force personnel who deployed to the mission in Afghanistan.

Factors in facilitating an organisational culture to prevent pressure ulcers among older adults in health-care facilities.

Objective: Despite the availability of high-quality clinical practice guidelines, pressure ulcers (PU) continue to develop among older adults in acute and long-term health-care facilities. Except during acute medical crisis or near end-of-life, most PUs are preventable and their development is a health-care quality indicator. The aim of this study was to understand which factors facilitate pressure ulcer prevention among adults over 65 years-of-age receiving care in health-care facilities.

A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Impact of Digestion Resistant Starch on Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly and Mid-Age Adults.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions in North America. Recent evidence suggests that prebiotics can modulate the gut microbiome, which then plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism, blood glucose, and insulin sensitivity. As such, prebiotics are appealing potential therapeutic strategies for prediabetes and T2D.

Advancing Interprofessional Collaborative Teams in the Winnipeg Health Region.

This project developed an evaluation platform aimed at diagnosing team functioning using evidence-informed, measurable indicators to provide an actionable roadmap to guide teams in improving their interprofessional collaborative team performance. A scoping literature review, stakeholder consultation, survey and focus groups were conducted to inform both the final selection of eight indicators of effective, high-performing teams and the process to assess and evaluate teams against these indicators. The program was piloted with two interprofessional teams in the Winnipeg Health Region.

Research on PTSD prevalence in OEF/OIF Veterans: expanding investigation of demographic variables.

Background: A series of recent articles has reported on well-designed studies examining base rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screenings within the Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan conflict)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (Iraq conflict) (OEF/OIF) military population. Although these studies have a number of strengths, this line of research points out several key areas in need of further examination.

Objective: Many OEF/OIF Veterans do not use available Veterans Affairs (VA) services, especially mental health care.

Hourly rounding for falls prevention: a change initiative.

Fall-related injuries are a particular concern within the elderly population, and trends toward an aging demographic will keep this issue at the forefront in health care. We are challenged to develop creative strategies to significantly reduce harm and fall rates among the elderly. This article describes the process of establishing an hourly rounding initiative in a health care facility.

Improving oral care practice in long-term care.

At Deer Lodge Centre, oral care practice for adult dependent patients often included the use of sponge swabs and liquid mouth rinse, but the facility had no formal policy outlining best practice. The authors sought to develop such a policy by answering two main questions: Are sponge swabs effective in cleaning the oral cavity? What oral care is required for individuals with dysphagia and those who depend on others for oral care? After a review of the literature for pertinent guidance, a new protocol for oral care, based on tooth brushing and use of antibacterial gel, was implemented for one care unit. Patients showed improvements in oral health, specifically reductions in tartar, swollen and bleeding gums, ulcerations, debris and severe halitosis.

Asymmetry in parkinsonism, spreading pathogens and the nose.

Parkinson's disease, as well as many other parkinsonisms, including most toxic, neurodegenerative and familial types are typically asymmetric. No explanation for this phenomenon exists. A summary of the frequency of asymmetry in a spectrum of parkinsonian disorders is provided.

Hospital nurses' perceptions of the geriatric care environment in one Canadian health care region.

Purpose: To identify and compare perceptions of the geriatric care environment among nurses in three different urban hospital types in one health authority in a Midwestern Canadian province.

Design: The Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile developed by the Nurses Improving Healthsystem Elders (NICHE) program was administered to staff in eight urban hospitals between 2005 and 2006: two geriatric-chronic care hospitals, four community hospitals, and two tertiary hospitals. The study focused on 1,189 nurses who completed the survey (n= 298 for geriatric-chronic care hospitals; n= 387 for community hospitals, n= 504 for tertiary hospitals).

Discharge decision-making, enabling occupations, and client-centred practice.

Background: Occupational therapists working in hospitals are confronted with increasingly complex discharge decisions. However, the relationship of discharge-planning strategies to the professional concepts of client-centred practice and enabling occupations has been unclear.

Purpose: This study explored the relationship between the models of decision-making used by occupational therapists, and the professional issues of enabling occupation and client-centred practice.

Percutaneous feeding tube changes in long-term-care facility patients.

Objective: To compare patient outcomes when percutaneous feeding tubes were changed routinely each month or only when necessary (prn).

Design: Prospective, randomized, nonblinded crossover study of 6 months of routine monthly changes compared with 6 months of prn changes.

Setting: 416-bed long-term-care facility.

Client-centred standards: risk implications for boards and management.

The author argues that the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation standards have acquired the status of law and that, therefore, there may be an increased risk of legal liability inherent in the use of the council's new client-centred standards. As survey teams focus less on structure and more on the individual client, the potential for instances of substandard care to be uncovered and documented as part of the survey process escalates.

Bacteremia in a long term care facility.

Episodes of bacteremia identified in a long term care facility over a seven and a half-year period from July 1984 to December 1991 were reviewed. Twenty-nine episodes of bacteremia were identified, a rate of 4.35/100,000 patient-days.

Pyuria in institutionalized elderly subjects.

Two hundred and forty-three urine specimens from 76 elderly institutionalized residents were obtained for urine culture, quantitative leukocyte count and urinalysis. Significant bacteriuria was present in 153 specimens (63%), including 33 (22%) with more than one organism. Pyuria (greater than or equal to 10 leukocytes/mm(3)) was present in 214 specimens (88%), including 116 (97%) with single organism bacteriuria, 27 (82%) with multiple organism bacteriuria, and 71 (80%) without significant bacteriuria.