Synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite from Hypopthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) bone waste by two different methods: a comparative biophysical and in vitro evaluation on osteoblast MG63 cell lines.

More than a thousand tonnes of fish bone wastes can be transformed into biomedical products annually. Alkaline hydrolysis and thermal calcification were used to create nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals from Silver carp bone wastes. Biophysical tests were used to determine the nano size and chemical composition of synthesised hydroxyapatite.

addition of graphitic carbon into a NiCoO/CoO composite: enhanced catalysis toward the oxygen evolution reaction.

We present a rapid, environmentally benign one-pot synthesis technique for the production of a NiCoO/CoO and graphite composite that demonstrates efficient electrocatalysis towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), in 1.0 M KOH. The NiCoO/CoO/graphitic carbon composite that displayed optimal OER catalysis was synthesized by nitrate decomposition in the presence of citric acid (synthesized glycine and sucrose variants displayed inferior electro kinetics towards the OER).