Revealing Elasmobranch Distributions in Turbid Coastal Waters: Insights From Environmental DNA and Particle Tracking.

Many sharks, rays and skates are highly threatened and vulnerable to overexploitation, as such reliable monitoring of elasmobranchs is key to effective management and conservation. The mobile and elusive nature of these species makes monitoring challenging, particularly in temperate waters with low visibility. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods present an opportunity to study these species in the absence of visual identification or invasive techniques.

Differentiated HIV Service Delivery vs Conventional Care: Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Outcomes for People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models, which are mechanisms of HIV care that reduce provider visits and offer varied ART delivery methods, are scaling up across sub- Saharan Africa. It is unknown how the movement of patients to DSD models impacts services beyond ART, including the uptake and completion of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT).

Methods: Using the RE-AIM framework, we analyzed data from Opt4TPT, a longitudinal cohort study examining TPT delivery in South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Motor network reorganization associated with rTMS-induced writing improvement in writer's cramp dystonia.

Background: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is an involuntary movement disorder with distributed abnormalities in the brain's motor network. Prior studies established the potential for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to either premotor cortex (PMC) or primary somatosensory cortex (PSC) to modify symptoms. However, clinical effects have been modest with limited understanding of the neural mechanisms hindering therapeutic advancement of this promising approach.

A primary rat neuron-astrocyte-microglia tri-culture model for studying mechanisms of neurotoxicity.

Primary cell cultures from rodent brain are widely used to investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms of neurotoxicity. To date, however, it has been challenging to reliably culture endogenous microglia in dissociated mixed cultures. This is a significant limitation of most neural cell models given the growing awareness of the importance of interactions between neurons, astrocytes and microglia in defining responses to neurotoxic exposures.

Trauma-Associated Pseudo-Hutchinson Sign: An Autobiographical Case Report Emphasizing Conditions, Pseudo-Conditions, and Pseudo-Pseudo-Conditions.

Melanonychia describes black pigmentation of the nail plate that results from either melanocyte activation (such as infections, local inflammatory disorders, local trauma affecting the nail plate, numerous systemic conditions, and medications) or melanocyte hyperplasia (such as benign neoplasms or malignant tumors) or blood (resulting from a trauma-associated subungual hematoma). The black dyschromia may include not only the nail plate but also the proximal nailfold. The Hutchinson sign refers to black discoloration of both the proximal nailfold and adjacent nail plate when the underlying pigmented lesion is a malignant melanoma.

Lipid-Modulated, Graduated Inhibition of N-Glycosylation Pathway Priming Suggests Wide Tolerance of ER Proteostasis to Stress.

Protein N-glycosylation is a cotranslational modification that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Disruption of this process can result in accumulation of misfolded proteins, known as ER stress. In response, the unfolded protein response (UPR) restores proteostasis or responds by controlling cellular fate, including increased expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) that can lead to apoptosis.

Deep Drug-Target Binding Affinity Prediction Base on Multiple Feature Extraction and Fusion.

Accurate drug-target binding affinity (DTA) prediction is crucial in drug discovery. Recently, deep learning methods for DTA prediction have made significant progress. However, there are still two challenges: (1) recent models always ignore the correlations in drug and target data in the drug/target representation process and (2) the interaction learning of drug-target pairs always is by simple concatenation, which is insufficient to explore their fusion.

Response to: Arblaster G, Buckley D, Barnes S, Davis H Strabismus Surgery for Psychosocial Reasons - A Literature Review. British and Irish Orthoptic Journal 2024;20:107-132.

Language is important. Words we use can be much more descriptive. We propose using the prefix reconstruction when describing strabismus surgery.

Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of Oxytocin (OT)-elicited reductions of body weight gain and adiposity in male diet-induced obese rats.

Recent studies indicate that central administration of oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight (BW) in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure (EE). Previous studies in our lab have shown that administration of OT into the fourth ventricle (4V; hindbrain) elicits weight loss and stimulates interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature (T) in DIO rats. We hypothesized that OT-elicited stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation of IBAT contributes to its ability to activate BAT and reduce BW in DIO rats.

Evaluation of charge summing correction in CdTe-based photon-counting detectors for breast CT: performance metrics and image quality.

Purpose: We evaluate the impact of charge summing correction on a cadmium telluride (CdTe)-based photon-counting detector in breast computed tomography (CT).

Approach: We employ a custom-built laboratory benchtop system using the X-THOR FX30 0.75-mm CdTe detector (Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States) with a pixel pitch of 0.

Diagnosis and management of de novo non-specific spinal infections: European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) Spine Section Delphi consensus recommendations.

Introduction: The management of de novo non-specific spinal infections (spondylodiscitis - SD) remains inconsistent due to varying clinical practices and a lack of high-level evidence, particularly regarding the indications for surgery.

Research Question: This study aims to develop consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of SD, addressing diagnostic modalities, surgical indications, and treatment strategies.

Material And Methods: A Delphi process was conducted with 26 experts from the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS).

Tobacco Treatment Disparities Among California Medicaid Members With and Without Chronic Disease Who Smoke.

Introduction: People who are covered by Medicaid have a higher smoking prevalence than the general population and are at an increased risk for tobacco-related disease, a major driver of Medicaid costs. California has the largest Medicaid program, called Medi-Cal, whose members also have higher tobacco-use rates and tobacco-related disease. Quitting is beneficial at any age, and health professional advice and assistance are a key indicator of smoking cessation.

A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study of Factors Associated with Low High-Resolution Anoscopy Completion in Transgender Women with Abnormal Anal Cytology.

In a cohort of transgender women (TGW) with abnormal anal cytology (AAC) in Washington, DC, we determined the rates of and factors associated with completion of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). This mixed-methods study used a sequential study design. In an academic-community clinic, we recruited TGW who provided blood samples, anal swabs for anal cytology, and completed surveys.

Developing a model for prioritizing occupational risk prevention practices in industries: a Delphi study.

Background: Occupational accidents, injuries, and diseases remain critical health concerns. Designing and implementing checklists for occupational risk prevention are key strategies to mitigate these accidents and their adverse effects. However, due to the diverse nature of occupational hazards, these checklists tend to encompass a substantial number of prevention practices, making their full implementation challenging in terms of financial and human resources.

Changes in HER2 Amplification Status for Breast Cancer Patients After Immunohistochemistry Directed In Situ Hybridization.

The 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER2 testing for breast cancer implemented the addition of immunohistochemistry (IHC) directed in situ hybridization (ISH) recount to resolve equivocal results. The implementation of an additional 2+ IHC-directed ISH recount adds additional complexity to the testing workflow for an unclear impact on HER2 results. A retrospective review of all equivocal ISH cases (groups 2, 3, and 4) that underwent 2+ IHC-directed ISH, since the 2018 guidelines, which were finalized as either amplified or not amplified, was performed.

Mixed histiocytic sarcoma in a Bernese Mountain Dog.

An 8-y-old, spayed female Bernese Mountain Dog was presented to a referral center for evaluation of right thoracic limb lameness and previously suspected Evans syndrome that had been poorly responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. Based on review of examination findings and laboratory data, Evans syndrome was deemed unlikely and hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS) was strongly suspected. On blood smear evaluation, atypical, histiocytic cells were noted, some of which exhibited siderophagia.

Reliability of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) When Used via Telehealth for Neurodevelopmentally High-Risk Infants.

Aims: To assess the reliability of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) when conducted recorded telehealth sessions by novice and expert raters.

Methods: Ten assessors (six novice, four expert) independently rated recorded telehealth assessments of 23 neurodevelopmentally high-risk infants twice. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of subscale scores, total score and percentile rankings were determined.

Research progress in the application of infrared blanching in fruit and vegetable drying process.

Fruits and vegetables offer substantial nutritional and health benefits, but their short shelf life necessitates effective preservation methods. Conventional drying techniques, while efficient, often lead to deterioration in food quality. Recent advancements highlight the potential of infrared blanching (IRB) as a preparatory process to improve drying outcomes.

Refinement of Atomic Polarizabilities for a Polarizable Gaussian Multipole Force Field with Simultaneous Considerations of Both Molecular Polarizability Tensors and In-Solution Electrostatic Potentials.

Atomic polarizabilities are considered to be fundamental parameters in polarizable molecular mechanical force fields that play pivotal roles in determining model transferability across different electrostatic environments. In an earlier work, the atomic polarizabilities were obtained by fitting them to the B3LYP/aug-cc-pvtz molecular polarizability tensors of mainly small molecules. Taking advantage of the recent PCMRESPPOL method, we refine the atomic polarizabilities for condensed-phase simulations using a polarizable Gaussian Multipole (pGM) force field.

Real-world treatment patterns and health outcomes for patients with myelofibrosis treated with fedratinib.

Aim: Assess real-world fedratinib (FEDR) treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with primary or secondary myelofibrosis following discontinuation of ruxolitinib (RUX).

Patients & Methods: This study was a retrospective, noninterventional medical record review of patients in Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom (UK). A total of 70 physicians (primarily hematologist-oncologists [78.

Evaluating solar power plant sites using integrated GIS and MCDM methods: a case study in Kermanshah Province.

This study utilizes an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach to perform Solar Power Plant Site Selection (SPPSS) in Kermanshah Province, Iran. It introduces a novel group weighting method, the Dempster-based Best-Worst Method (DBWM), which combines weights vectors derived from experts' opinions. The study also conducts a comprehensive sensitivity analysis comparing four GIS-based models for SPPSS.

Global transcriptional modulation and nutritional status of soybean plants following foliar application of zinc borate as a suspension concentrate fertilizer.

The management of micronutrients, such as boron (B) and zinc (Zn), is critical for plant growth and crop yields. One method of rapid intervention crop management to mitigate nutritional deficiency is the foliar supply of B and Zn. Our study investigates the effect of foliar-supplied B and Zn availability on the global transcriptional modulation in soybean (Glycine max).

Quantifying Knee-Adjacent Subcutaneous Fat in the Entire OAI Baseline Dataset - Associations with Cartilage MRI T, Thickness and Pain, Independent of BMI.

Objective: Knee-adjacent subcutaneous fat (kaSCF) has emerged as a potential biomarker and risk factor for OA progression. This study aims to develop an AI-based tool for the automatic segmentation of kaSCF thickness and evaluate the cross-sectional associations between kaSCF, cartilage thickness, MRI-based cartilage T relaxation time, knee pain, and muscle strength independent of BMI.

Design: Baseline 3.