2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intraabdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Cholecystitis and Acute Cholangitis in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People.

This article is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intraabdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this article, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Sex ratio and age of onset in AQP4 antibody-associated NMOSD: a review and meta-analysis.

Background: Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. We have undertaken a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the sex ratio and mean age of onset for AQP4 antibody associated NMOSD. We have also explored factors that impact on these demographic data.

A failure to discriminate social from non-social touch at the circuit level may underlie social avoidance in autism.

Social touch is critical for communication and to impart emotions and intentions. However, certain autistic individuals experience aversion to social touch, especially when it is unwanted. We used a novel social touch assay and Neuropixels probes to compare neural responses to social vs.

Effect of structured diet with exercise education on anthropometry and lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12-month randomized clinical trial.

Aims: Lifestyle modification involving active engagement of specialised dietitian with diet and exercise education, can be effective as first-line treatment for diabetes.

Methods: 192 patients were enrolled with diabetes in a randomised controlled trial and followed up for one year. Ninety-four patients in the intervention group participated in a comprehensive structured diet and exercise education conducted by a specialised dietitian at ambulatory centre in the United Arab Emirates.

Emergency department management of patients with complications of dialysis.

In the United States, more than 450,000 patients are on dialysis due to end-stage renal disease. Compared to the general population, these patients account for a disproportionate number of emergency department visits due to higher rates of infection and cardiovascular complications, as well as issues unique to the process of dialysis itself, such as vascular access problems and dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. This issue describes the pathophysiology arising from hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis-related complications, as well as the evaluation and initial treatment within the emergency department, based on best available evidence.

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep outcomes in the context of pain among older adult veterans.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the gold-standard treatment for insomnia disorder in adults. Compared to young adults, older adults have increased risk for the development of conditions associated with chronic pain, which may impact the efficacy of CBT-I in improving insomnia symptoms in older adults. This study evaluated the effect of participant-rated pain on sleep-related outcomes of a supervised, non-clinician administered CBT-I program in older adult patients with chronic insomnia disorder.

The 2023 American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Expert Consensus Document: Management of subsolid lung nodules.

Objective: Lung cancers that present as radiographic subsolid nodules represent a subtype with distinct biological behavior and outcomes. The objective of this document is to review the existing literature and report consensus among a group of multidisciplinary experts, providing specific recommendations for the clinical management of subsolid nodules.

Methods: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Clinical Practice Standards Committee assembled an international, multidisciplinary expert panel composed of radiologists, pulmonologists, and thoracic surgeons with established expertise in the management of subsolid nodules.

Beyond the hippocampus: Amygdala and memory functioning in older adults.

Background: Medial temporal lobe atrophy has been linked to decline in neuropsychological measures of explicit memory function. While the hippocampus has long been identified as a critical structure in learning and memory processes, less is known about contributions of the amygdala to these functions. We sought to investigate the relationship between amygdala volume and memory functioning in a clinical sample of older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Outcome of emergency neurosurgery in patients with refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Refractory (RSE) and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) are serious neurological conditions requiring aggressive management. Beyond anesthetic agents, there is a lack of evidence guiding management in these patients. This systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) seeks to evaluate and compare the currently available surgical techniques for the acute treatment of RSE and SRSE.

Association of Ground-Glass Opacities with Systemic Inflammation and Progression of Emphysema.

Ground-glass opacities (GGOs) in the absence of interstitial lung disease are understudied. To assess the association of GGOs with white blood cells (WBCs) and progression of quantified chest computed tomography emphysema. We analyzed data of participants in the SPIROMICS study (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study).

Percutaneous Microaxial Ventricular Assist Device Versus Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump for Nonacute Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock.

Background: Evidence on the comparative outcomes following percutaneous microaxial ventricular assist devices (pVAD) versus intra-aortic balloon pump for nonacute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock is limited.

Methods And Results: We included 704 and 2140 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 to 99 years treated with pVAD and intra-aortic balloon pump, respectively, for nonacute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock from 2016 to 2020. Patients treated using pVAD compared with those treated using intra-aortic balloon pump were more likely to be concurrently treated with mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and blood transfusions.

Establishing a Validation Infrastructure for Imaging-Based Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Before Clinical Implementation.

With promising artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms receiving FDA clearance, the potential impact of these models on clinical outcomes must be evaluated locally before their integration into routine workflows. Robust validation infrastructures are pivotal to inspecting the accuracy and generalizability of these deep learning algorithms to ensure both patient safety and health equity. Protected health information concerns, intellectual property rights, and diverse requirements of models impede the development of rigorous external validation infrastructures.

Process and Impact of Development of an Adolescent Emergency Psychiatry Unit at a Large Urban Hospital.

Objectives: Boarding of adolescent patients with mental health concerns requiring ongoing observation and treatment is of increasing concern across US emergency departments. The objective was a proof of concept of developing an adolescent psychiatric emergency unit and assessment of the impact of this unit on lengths of stay (LOS).

Methods: We describe the creation of the unit designed to allow safe assessment and boarding of patients, and appropriate interventions and services, while arranging transfer to inpatient facility or safe discharge home.

Development and preliminary assessment of a machine learning model to predict myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest after major operations.

Introduction: Accurate prediction of complications often informs shared decision-making. Derived over 10 years ago to enhance prediction of intra/post-operative myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest (MI/CA), the Gupta score has been criticized for unreliable calibration and inclusion of a wide spectrum of unrelated operations. In the present study, we developed a novel machine learning (ML) model to estimate perioperative risk of MI/CA and compared it to the Gupta score.

Corrigendum: A structural connectivity atlas of limbic brainstem nuclei.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.

A structured approach to modifying an implementation package while scaling up a complex evidence-based practice.

Objective: To describe a structured, iterative, data-driven approach for modifying implementation strategies for a complex evidence-based practice during a nationwide scale-up initiative.

Data Sources And Study Setting: We scaled-up implementation of Critical Time Intervention (CTI)-an evidence-based case management model-across 32 diverse community-based Veterans Affairs (VA) "Grant and Per Diem" case management (GPD-CM) agencies that serve homeless-experienced Veterans transitioning to independent living. Primary data were collected using qualitative methods.

Utilization of Face-to-Face Vestibular Support Groups: A Comparison to Online Group Participation.

Objective: This study compared the utilization and outcomes of face-to-face (F2F) vestibular support groups and online support communities (OSC) for individuals with vestibular disorders.

Methods: We distributed a 31-question anonymous electronic survey through the Vestibular Disorders Association (VeDA) to F2F participants, categorizing user involvement in F2F, OSCs, or both and assessed impact on medical decision-making, psychosocial benefits, and goals achieved.

Results: The F2F cohort consisted of 97 individuals comprising primarily of non-Hispanic White women (mean age = 57 years, SD ± 14 years) with diagnoses including persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (19%), Meniere's disease (15%), and vestibular neuritis (13%).