1,647 results match your criteria: "David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California[Affiliation]"

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a recognized sequela of inborn errors of metabolism impacting vitamin B12 (cobalamin) synthesis. Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cobalamin deficiency type C is a well-known etiology for TMA. TMA has only rarely previously been reported in methionine synthase (cobalamin G) deficiency.

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Background: Percutaneous microaxial ventricular assist devices (pVADs) have the potential to reduce mortality of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). However, the association between the distribution of pVAD-performing centers and outcomes of CS has not been explored.

Methods: This observational study included Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 to 99 years treated with pVAD for CS from 2016 to 2020.

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The pediatric subspecialty workforce is challenged by shortages and geographic maldistribution of subspecialists. We invited leaders in pediatrics to discuss how the field's vitality and survival can be secured. These leaders presented their own opinions and not the opinion of the society or organization that they are presenting.

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  • Telehealth utilization surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its future is uncertain without permanent coverage and adequate reimbursement, which are crucial for its long-term viability and acceptance.
  • Telehealth enhances sleep health management by improving patient access, clinician efficiency, and safety, while addressing healthcare equity, making it particularly suitable for the field of sleep medicine.
  • The American Academy of Sleep Medicine advocates for telehealth as a vital component of high-quality care for sleep disorders and urges collaboration among stakeholders to strengthen its availability and accessibility.
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  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to the quick creation of scarce resource allocation policies (SRAPs) to manage the increased demand for health services amid limited capacity.
  • A randomized clinical trial examined whether a 6-minute educational video about the University of California Health's SRAP could enhance participants' understanding and trust in health systems to ethically apply these policies during the pandemic.
  • The study involved 1971 adult participants, focusing on their knowledge and anxiety levels regarding SRAPs, with the results indicating significant effects on self-reported understanding and trust following the video intervention.*
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Tobacco consumption behavior change during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with perceived COVID threat.

BMC Public Health

October 2024

Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite 850, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.

Rationale: Tobacco use is a risk factor for COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Despite health implications, data conflict regarding COVID-19 and tobacco consumption. We present results from a survey of health behaviors during the pandemic to identify how COVID-19 influenced tobacco behaviors.

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The influence of caregivers on child and adolescent development and psychopathology risk is well documented over decades of research. However, for far too long, the focus has been squarely on mothers; it has treated fathers as indirect or secondary influences on their children's development, and paternal psychopathology, parenting practices, or attachment relationships have received relatively limited attention. This has been problematic both because it has fueled a tendency to sometimes blame mothers for the problems that children go on to have and because caregiving roles have changed markedly over the past few decades.

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Background: The University of California's Diabetes Prevention Program (UC DPP) Initiative was implemented systemwide to address diabetes and obesity risk on all 10 campuses. As little is known about implementing lifestyle change programs in university settings, we examined implementation partners' (i.e.

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  • Dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using CTLA4 and PD-(L)1 inhibitors shows improved anti-tumor effectiveness and immune toxicity compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitors alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
  • Patients with mutations in STK11 and/or KEAP1 genes benefit more from the combination treatment compared to those receiving only PD-(L)1 inhibitors, as shown in the POSEIDON trial.
  • The loss of KEAP1 serves as a strong predictor for the success of dual ICB, as it leads to a more favorable outcome by changing the tumor's immune environment to better engage CD4 and CD8 T cells for anti-tumor activity. *
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  • Creatine transporter (CTD) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiencies cause serious brain issues like intellectual disabilities and seizures, with no effective treatment for CTD and a strict diet plus supplements needed for GAMT.
  • A core outcome set (COS) has been developed in collaboration with caregivers and health professionals to determine key outcomes for assessing CTD and GAMT in clinical trials, including factors like cognitive functioning and emotional regulation.
  • This COS aims to prioritize patient and caregiver perspectives to improve the drug development process, enhance trial comparability, reduce bias, and optimize resource use in research for these conditions.
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Background: Poor memory for treatment is associated with poorer treatment adherence and poorer patient outcomes. The memory support intervention (MSI) was developed to improve patient memory for treatment with the goal of improving patient outcomes. The aim of this study protocol is to conduct a confirmatory efficacy trial to test whether a new, streamlined, and potent version of the MSI improves outcomes for midlife and older adults.

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  • Oral antibiotics are commonly used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) due to their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, raising concerns about antibiotic overuse.
  • This study compared antibiotic prescribing habits between dermatology and non-dermatology clinicians for HS using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey between 2005 and 2016.
  • It was found that while overall antibiotic prescribing rates were similar, dermatology clinicians were significantly more likely to prescribe tetracyclines compared to non-dermatology clinicians.
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Emergency clinicians must rapidly evaluate the acutely ill or injured child. In a resource-stressed environment, "spotting the sick child" is essential for appropriate stabilization, treatment, and further management. Overlooking clinical features in a child's presentation may impede timely care.

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Maternal HIV infection and the milk microbiome.

Microbiome

September 2024

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave., 22-340 MDCC, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Children born to HIV-positive mothers who do not contract the virus face higher health risks, and one potential factor is the gut microbiome shaped by breastfeeding.
  • A study of 756 human milk samples over 15 years showed that factors like the number of births, geographic location, and how long a mother breastfeeds influence the milk microbiome, but HIV status and treatment do not appear to change it.
  • The research concluded that while the milk microbiome differs based on specific variables involving lactation, it remains unaffected by maternal HIV or treatments, and there is no link found between the microbiome and HIV transmission to infants.
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Outcomes of surgery for inflammatory bowel disease among patients with psychiatric disorders.

J Gastrointest Surg

December 2024

Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Psychiatric disorders (PDs) are common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Brain-gut dysfunction and psychotropic medications may have adverse effects on postoperative outcomes in patients with IBD. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PD and outcomes after surgery for IBD.

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Objective: In the ENGOT-EN6-NSGO/GOG3031/RUBY trial, dostarlimab+carboplatin-paclitaxel demonstrated significant improvement in progression free survival and a positive trend in overall survival compared with placebo+carboplatin-paclitaxel, with manageable toxicity, in patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Here we report on patient-reported outcomes in the mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high population, a secondary endpoint in the trial.

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to dostarlimab+carboplatin-paclitaxel or placebo+carboplatin-paclitaxel every 3 weeks for 6 cycles followed by dostarlimab or placebo monotherapy every 6 weeks for ≤3 years or until disease progression.

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Purpose: To report the 24-month outcomes and subgroup analysis evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the genicular artery embolization (GAE) for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Materials And Methods: Forty participants with symptomatic moderate-to-severe knee OA from a single-center, single-arm, prospective investigational device exemption trial of GAE were included in this study. Abnormal genicular artery neovascularity was identified at the subject's focal knee pain with digital subtraction angiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CT).

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  • The study investigates how patient-directed educational materials can help clinicians reduce unnecessary prescriptions for specific medication groups, notably proton pump inhibitors and high-risk diabetes treatments.
  • Conducted across three VA medical centers, the trial involved 5071 patients and compared an intervention cohort receiving educational brochures to a control group from the previous year.
  • Results showed a higher deprescribing rate among the intervention group (29.5%) compared to the control group (25.8%), indicating that the educational intervention positively affected medication management practices.
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Octogenarians unable to return home by postoperative-day 30.

Am J Surg

December 2024

David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • A study investigated the ability of patients aged 80 and older to return home after surgery, focusing on those unable to do so by 30 days post-operation (POD-30).
  • About 19.8% of the 4,946 patients lived in non-home facilities at POD-30, with significant risk factors including a history of falls and postoperative complications like pressure ulcers.
  • The findings suggest that assessing geriatric-specific risk factors prior to surgery is crucial for improving patient outcomes and guiding surgical decisions.
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Niraparib first-line maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer: final overall survival results from the PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012 trial.

Ann Oncol

November 2024

Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer ginecológicO (GEICO), Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Translational Oncology Group, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain.

Background: The phase III PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012 trial met its primary endpoint. Niraparib first-line maintenance significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer that responded to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, regardless of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status. Final overall survival (OS) results are reported.

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