Comparative Analysis of Oxygen Saturation by Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Blood Gas in Hypoxemic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction:  Oxygen saturation is essential for medical care and is closely regulated within the body. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is used to evaluate critically ill individuals' ventilation, oxygenation, acid-base status, and metabolic condition. Pulse oximetry is an easy and non-invasive way to measure the status of oxygen saturation non-invasively in clinical settings and provides a quick and precise assessment of oxygenation and reduces medical errors.

A case of tubercular empyema with pyopneumothorax.

Pyopneumothorax is a common complication associated with tuberculosis, especially in patients with lung parenchymal cavitatory lesions. In this publication, we highlight the case of a 43-year-old female patient who presented with chief complaints of dry cough, left-sided chest pain, and dyspnea on exertion. An X-ray of the chest posteroanterior (PA) view, revealed a left-sided moderate pleural effusion with pneumothorax.

Evaluation of PRF and PLA-PGA Membrane Along with Hydroxyapatite Crystal Collagen Fibers Bone Graft in the Treatment of Infrabony Defects.

Aim: The present study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membrane and polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLA-PGA) membrane along with hydroxyapatite crystal collagen fibers bone graft in the treatment of human infrabony defects using cone beam computed tomography.

Materials And Methods: A total of 28 systemically healthy patients was chosen which were found appropriate after initial therapy. Each group comprises of 14 defects, according to randomized parallel design.

Dissecting WASH Assessment Tools and Recommending a Comprehensive Tool for Indian Healthcare Facilities.

Providing adequate Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Health Care Facilities (HCFs) has many benefits, including achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, there is a significant shortage of statistics on the status of WASH in Healthcare Facilities (WinHCF), resulting in roadblocks in developing improvement strategies. Further, there is a lack of detailed comparison of WASH components covered in available tools against the standards.

Building a predictive model of low birth weight in low- and middle-income countries: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW, < 2500 g) infants are at significant risk for death and disability. Improving outcomes for LBW infants requires access to advanced neonatal care, which is a limited resource in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Predictive modeling might be useful in LMICs to identify mothers at high-risk of delivering a LBW infant to facilitate referral to centers capable of treating these infants.

Correlation Between Foot Posture and Hamstring Muscle Tightness.

Background  The hamstring muscle is related to the lumbar spine, pelvic, and lower limb movement dysfunction, as well as low back pain and abnormal gait. The kinematic chain's distal elements dysfunctions may affect the body's proximal segments. There is a biomechanical connection between the foot and proximal segments of the body and its effect on the body's functional status, but there is a lack of research that focuses on the correlation between foot posture and hamstring muscle tightness.

Thyroid Dysfunction at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Rural Teaching College in Central India.

Background The high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) indicates a major correlation between the progression of CKD and thyroid dysfunction. In this study, we highlighted thyroid dysfunction and its relation to the severity and different stages of CKDs. Materials and methods From October 2018 to September 2020, 200 cases with CKD, admitted under the Department of Medicine at a rural teaching hospital in central India, were selected for the study.

Effect of the Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Technique on Functional Capacity in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Individuals with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) have poor performance in weight-bearing exercises, resulting in low functional capacity. The dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) technique was created to engage the core-postural chain in conjunction with the core muscles, generating enough intra-abdominal pressure to dynamically support the spine through muscular activity. DNS is a strategy that emphasizes the activation of the spine's intrinsic stabilizers, as well as proper breathing patterns, before any intended functional movement.

Realising distributed leadership through measurement for change.

Through a systematic reflection on the journey that transformed traditional state-run baby homes in Tajikistan from closed institutions into community-oriented Family and Child Support Centres (FCSC) we reveal key moments of change. This review describes how community consultation with local participants in a development project shifted responsibility and accountability from international to local ownership and how distributed leadership contributes to the decolonisation of social services. Based on these interviews we ask, 'How do the innovations of a social development project become a fixed part of normal local social, cultural and political life; and, how do we know when a new normal is self-sustaining at a local level?' This analysis builds on a network-mapping tool previously described in this journal.

A Pragmatic Neuro-Rehabilitation Approach for Basilar Invagination: A Case Report.

Basilar invagination is a rare pathology of the occipital bone, along with prolapsing of the vertebral column. It is a narrowing in the opening of the foramen magnum of the odontoid process. It is a well-known cause of pain and tingling in the upper limbs.

Associations between ambient temperature and pregnancy outcomes from three south Asian sites of the Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Growing evidence suggests that environmental heat stress negatively influences fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of heat stress on pregnancy outcomes in low-resource settings. We combined data from a large multi-country maternal-child health registry and meteorological data to assess the impacts of heat stress.

Trends over time in the knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women related to COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from seven low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: To understand trends in the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of pregnant women related to COVID-19 in seven low- and middle-income countries.

Design: Multi-country population-based prospective observational study.

Setting: Study sites in Bangladesh, the Demographic Republic of Congo (DRC), Guatemala, India (two sites), Kenya, Pakistan and Zambia.

Cardiac Dysautonomia, Decreased Baroreflex Sensitivity and Increased Myocardial Workload in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Preliminary Report.

Background: Chronic stress, a potential risk factor for cardiac autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular (CV) risk, is known to induce the onset and exacerbation of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), a psychodermatological disorder. However, data regarding CV risks due to the stress associated with CSU are very limited.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed at comparing the cardiac sympathovagal balance (SVB), inflammatory markers, perceived stress and quality of sleep in patients with CSU (test group) and normal subjects (control group).

A Dress Rehearsal for Assessment of Potency of Primordial Prevention for Reduction of Pandemic Stress Among Preadolescents.

Background Stress can have a significant impact on the mental health of both adults and children. Adolescents, in particular, are a vulnerable group, and the stress brought on by the pandemic may impact their prospects. This study serves as a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of primordial prevention in mitigating pandemic-related stress among preadolescents.

A Comprehensive Review of Pregnancy in Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies encompass a range of qualitative and quantitative hemoglobin disorders that are inherited genetically. This group of disorders includes sickle cell beta thalassemia, sickle cell trait, and sickle cell disease (SCD). Globally, SCD is the most common disorder.

A Case Report of a High-Altitude Acute Pulmonary Embolism (HA-PE): A Catastrophic Masquerader of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE).

Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening emergency and, if not identified and treated, can cause catastrophic consequences. The most common cause of pulmonary embolism is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). There are established criteria to diagnose pulmonary embolism.

Ocular Dominance and Its Association With Central Corneal Thickness: An Observational Study in Central India.

Background The aim of this study is to determine ocular dominance and its association with central corneal thickness (CCT). These two parameters are of great significance in clinical practice; identifying the dominant eye helps in planning cataract surgeries, treatment of presbyopia, monovision correction, etc., and assessing the CCT helps in early diagnosis and management of keratoconus, glaucoma, contact lens-related complications, and dry eye.

Determinants of Quit Attempts and Short-Term Abstinence among Smokers in India: Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2016-17.

Objective: The objective was to study the determinants of quit attempts and abstinence among smokers in India using nationally representative data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS-2).

Methods: Data from GATS-India, (2016-17) was analysed. Key outcome variables included quitting attempts in the previous 12 months among smokers and duration of abstinence among those who attempted quitting.

Short-Term Pulmonary Rehabilitation Among Post-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 is expected to have a widespread and significant impact on pulmonary tuberculosis services. This study aims to investigate the effect of comprehensive short-term, outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program among treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Material And Methods: Forty-five pulmonary tuberculosis patients who completed their tuberculosis treatment were randomly allocated to the outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation group and the other 45 were allocated to the control group for 4 weeks.

Aspirin delays the onset of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among nulliparous pregnant women: A secondary analysis of the ASPIRIN trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of low-dose aspirin (LDA) starting in early pregnancy on delaying preterm hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Design: Non-prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised masked trial of LDA.

Setting: The study was conducted among women in the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) clusters, a prospective, population-based study in Kenya, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Pakistan, India (two sites-Belagavi and Nagpur) and Guatemala.

Evaluation of the Behavioral Determinants of Infant Oral Hygiene Practices in a Rural Area.

Background Dental caries is one of the most common oral health diseases in children. Early childhood caries (ECC) in children can lead to delayed overall growth in the future. This can be prevented by early initiation of infant oral hygiene practices (IOHP).

COVID-19 and Global Distributive Justice: 'Health Diplomacy' of India and South Africa for the TRIPS waiver.

The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had left heart-wrenching impacts on all facets of life in general and the availability, accessibility, and affordability of medicines and vaccines in particular. Rather, the world has been divided into two groups regarding access to medicine and vaccines as haves and have-nots. The rich countries had pre-ordered the vaccines of COVID-19 along with the holding of the same.