Unveiling the Emergent Traits of Chiral Spin Textures in Magnetic Multilayers.

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically wound nanoscale textures of spins whose ambient stability and electrical manipulation in multilayer films have led to an explosion of research activities. While past efforts focused predominantly on isolated skyrmions, recently ensembles of chiral spin textures, consisting of skyrmions and magnetic stripes, are shown to possess rich interactions with potential for device applications. However, several fundamental aspects of chiral spin texture phenomenology remain to be elucidated, including their domain wall (DW) structure, thermodynamic stability, and morphological transitions.

Visualizing the strongly reshaped skyrmion Hall effect in multilayer wire devices.

Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale spin textures touted as next-generation computing elements. When subjected to lateral currents, skyrmions move at considerable speeds. Their topological charge results in an additional transverse deflection known as the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE).

Targeted Writing and Deleting of Magnetic Skyrmions in Two-Terminal Nanowire Devices.

Controllable writing and deleting of nanoscale magnetic skyrmions are key requirements for their use as information carriers for next-generation memory and computing technologies. While several schemes have been proposed, they require complex fabrication techniques or precisely tailored electrical inputs, which limits their long-term scalability. Here, we demonstrate an alternative approach for writing and deleting skyrmions using conventional electrical pulses within a simple, two-terminal wire geometry.

Off-axis electron holography of Néel-type skyrmions in multilayers of heavy metals and ferromagnets.

Magnetic skyrmions are complex swirling spin structures that are of interest for applications in energy-efficient memories and logic technologies. Multilayers of heavy metals and ferromagnets have been shown to host magnetic skyrmions at room temperature. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy is often used to study magnetic domain structures in multilayer samples using mainly Fresnel defocus imaging.

Emergent Dynamics of Artificial Spin-Ice Lattice Based on an Ultrathin Ferromagnet.

We present high-frequency dynamics of magnetic nanostructure lattices, fabricated in the form of "artificial spin-ice", that possess magnetically frustrated states. Dynamics of such structures feature multiple resonance excitation that reveals rich and intriguing microwave characteristics, which are highly dependent on field-cycle history. Geometrical parameters such as dimensions and ferromagnetic layer thickness, which control the interplay of different demagnetizing factors, are found to play a pivotal role in governing the dynamics.

Current-induced magnetization switching in all-oxide heterostructures.

The electrical switching of magnetization through spin-orbit torque (SOT) holds promise for application in information technologies, such as low-power, non-volatile magnetic memory. Materials with strong spin-orbit coupling, such as heavy metals and topological insulators, can convert a charge current into a spin current. The spin current can then execute a transfer torque on the magnetization of a neighbouring magnetic layer, usually a ferromagnetic metal like CoFeB, and reverse its magnetization.

Angle-resolved broadband ferromagnetic resonance apparatus enabled through a spring-loaded sample mounting manipulator.

Broadband ferromagnetic resonance is a useful technique to determine the magnetic anisotropy and study the magnetization dynamics of magnetic thin films. We report a spring-loaded sample loading manipulator for reliable sample mounting and rotation. The manipulator enables maximum signal, enhances system stability, and is particularly useful for fully automated in-plane-field angle-resolved measurements.

The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature.

The topological Hall effect (THE) is the Hall response to an emergent magnetic field, a manifestation of the skyrmion Berry-phase. As the magnitude of THE in magnetic multilayers is an open question, it is imperative to develop comprehensive understanding of skyrmions and other chiral textures, and their electrical fingerprint. Here, using Hall-transport and magnetic-imaging in a technologically viable multilayer film, we show that topological-Hall resistivity scales with the isolated-skyrmion density over a wide range of temperature and magnetic-field, confirming the impact of the skyrmion Berry-phase on electronic transport.

Enhanced absorption in all-dielectric metasurfaces due to magnetic dipole excitation.

All-dielectric nanophotonics lies at a forefront of nanoscience and technology as it allows to control light at the nanoscale using its electric and magnetic components. Bulk silicon does not experience any magnetic response, nevertheless, we demonstrate that the metasurface made of silicon parallelepipeds allows to excite the magnetic dipole moment leading to the broadening and enhancement of the absorption. Our investigations are underpinned by the numerical predictions and the experimental verifications.

Emergence of Topological Hall Effect in a SrRuO Single Layer.

Topological Hall effect (THE), appearing as bumps and/or dips in the Hall resistance curves, is considered as a hallmark of the skyrmion spin texture originated from the inversion symmetry breaking and spin-orbit interaction. Recently, Néel-type skyrmion is proposed based on the observed THE in 5d transition metal oxides heterostructures such as SrRuO /SrIrO bilayers, where the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), due to the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in SrIrO and the broken inversion symmetry at the interface, is believed to play a significant role. Here the emergence of THE in SrRuO single layers with thickness ranging from 3 to 6 nm is experimentally demonstrated.

High-Magnetization Tetragonal Ferrite-Based Films Induced by Carbon and Oxygen Vacancy Pairs.

Herein, a low-temperature thermal decomposition method is utilized to grow new stable tetragonal FeO-based thick ferrite films. The tetragonal FeO-based film possesses high saturation magnetization of ∼800 emu/cm. Doping with approximately 10% Co results in a high-energy product of ∼10.

Noninterleaved Metasurface for (2-1) Spin- and Wavelength-Encoded Holograms.

Nanostructured metasurfaces demonstrate extraordinary capabilities to control light at the subwavelength scale, emerging as key optical components to physical realization of multitasked devices. Progress in multitasked metasurfaces has been witnessed in making a single metasurface multitasked by mainly resorting to extra spatial freedom, for example, interleaved subarrays, different angles. However, it imposes a challenge of suppressing the cross-talk among multiwavelength without the help of extra spatial freedom.

Directional lasing in resonant semiconductor nanoantenna arrays.

High-index dielectric and semiconductor nanoparticles supporting strong electric and magnetic resonances have drawn significant attention in recent years. However, until now, there have been no experimental reports of lasing action from such nanostructures. Here, we demonstrate directional lasing, with a low threshold and high quality factor, in active dielectric nanoantenna arrays achieved through a leaky resonance excited in coupled gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanopillars.

Highly Directive Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Yagi-Uda Nanoantennas.

A hybrid metal-dielectric nanoantenna promises to harness the large Purcell factor of metallic nanostructures while taking advantage of the high scattering directivity and low dissipative losses of dielectric nanostructures. Here, we investigate a compact hybrid metal-dielectric nanoantenna that is inspired by the Yagi-Uda design. It comprises a metallic gold bowtie nanoantenna feed element and three silicon nanorod directors, exhibiting high unidirectional in-plane directivity and potential beam redirection capability in the visible spectral range.

Diamond in a Nanopocket: A New Route to a Strong Purcell Effect.

Light emission from the color centers in diamonds can be significantly enhanced by their interaction with optical microcavities. In the conventional chip-based hybrid approach, nanodiamonds are placed directly on the surface of microcavity chips created using fabrication-matured material platforms. However, the achievable enhancement due to the Purcell effect is limited because of the evanescent interaction between the electrical field of the cavity and the nanodiamond.

Planar Diffractive Lenses: Fundamentals, Functionalities, and Applications.

Traditional objective lenses in modern microscopy, based on the refraction of light, are restricted by the Rayleigh diffraction limit. The existing methods to overcome this limit can be categorized into near-field (e.g.

Varying temperature and silicon content in nanodiamond growth: effects on silicon-vacancy centres.

Nanodidamonds containing colour centres open up many applications in quantum information processing, metrology, and quantum sensing. However, controlling the synthesis of nanodiamonds containing silicon vacancy (SiV) centres is still not well understood. Here we study nanodiamonds produced by a high-pressure high-temperature method without catalyst metals, focusing on two samples with clear SiV signatures.

A Metalens with a Near-Unity Numerical Aperture.

The numerical aperture (NA) of a lens determines its ability to focus light and its resolving capability. Having a large NA is a very desirable quality for applications requiring small light-matter interaction volumes or large angular collections. Traditionally, a large NA lens based on light refraction requires precision bulk optics that ends up being expensive and is thus also a specialty item.

Nanoscale Generation of White Light for Ultrabroadband Nanospectroscopy.

Achieving efficient localization of white light at the nanoscale is a major challenge due to the diffraction limit, and nanoscale emitters generating light with a broadband spectrum require complicated engineering. Here we suggest a simple, yet highly efficient, nanoscale white-light source based on a hybrid Si/Au nanoparticle with ultrabroadband (1.3-3.

Tuning magnetic properties for domain wall pinning via localized metal diffusion.

Precise control of domain wall displacement in nanowires is essential for application in domain wall based memory and logic devices. Currently, domain walls are pinned by creating topographical notches fabricated by lithography. In this paper, we propose localized diffusion of non-magnetic metal into ferromagnetic nanowires by annealing induced mixing as a non-topographical approach to form pinning sites.

Printing Beyond sRGB Color Gamut by Mimicking Silicon Nanostructures in Free-Space.

Localized optical resonances in metallic nanostructures have been increasingly used in color printing, demonstrating unprecedented resolution but limited in color gamut. Here, we introduce a new nanostructure design, which broadens the gamut while retaining print resolution. Instead of metals, silicon nanostructures that exhibit localized magnetic and electric dipole resonances were fabricated on a silicon substrate coated with a SiN index matching layer.

Three-dimensional supercritical resolved light-induced magnetic holography.

In the era of big data, there exists a growing gap between data generated and storage capacity using two-dimensional (2D) magnetic storage technologies (for example, hard disk drives), because they have reached their performance saturation. 3D volumetric all-optical magnetic holography is emerging rapidly as a promising road map to realizing high-density capacity for its fast magnetization control and subwavelength magnetization volume. However, most of the reported light-induced magnetization confronts the problems of impurely longitudinal magnetization, diffraction-limited spot, and uncontrollable magnetization reversal.

Quantum interference in the presence of a resonant medium.

Interaction of light with media often occurs with a femtosecond response time. Its measurement by conventional techniques requires the use of femtosecond lasers and sophisticated time-gated optical detection. Here we demonstrate that by exploiting quantum interference of entangled photons it is possible to measure the dephasing time of a resonant media on the femtosecond time scale (down to 100 fs) using accessible continuous wave laser and single-photon counting.

Dielectric Meta-Holograms Enabled with Dual Magnetic Resonances in Visible Light.

Efficient transmission-type meta-holograms have been demonstrated using high-index dielectric nanostructures based on Huygens' principle. It is crucial that the geometry size of building blocks be judiciously optimized individually for spectral overlap of electric and magnetic dipoles. In contrast, reflection-type meta-holograms using the metal/insulator/metal scheme and geometric phase can be readily achieved with high efficiency and small thickness.