How do we measure the costs, benefits, and harms of sharing data from biomedical studies? A protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: The benefits of sharing participant-level data, including clinical or epidemiological data, genomic data, high-dimensional imaging data, or human-derived samples, from biomedical studies have been widely touted and may be taken for granted. As investments in data sharing and reuse efforts continue to grow, understanding the cost and positive and negative effects of data sharing for research participants, the general public, individual researchers, research and development, clinical practice, and public health is of growing importance. In this scoping review, we will identify and summarize existing evidence on the positive and negative impacts and costs of data sharing and how they are measured.

A Database on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater and Solid Waste from Pharmaceutical Industry Based on a Systematic Review.

Residual antimicrobial agents in wastewater and solid waste from antimicrobial manufacturing facilities can potentially contaminate environments. The World Health Organization has established technical guidelines for managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pharmaceutical wastewater and solid waste. However, the scarcity of publicly available data on antimicrobial manufacturing processes impedes the development of effective mitigation strategies.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Waterborne and Foodborne Protozoan Pathogens in Kenya: A One Health Perspective.

Intestinal infections affect approximately 450 million people globally, predominantly impacting children and immunocompromised individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions, poverty, malnutrition, and low literacy. In Kenya, the prevalence of intestinal infections is elevated by warm tropical climates and socioeconomic factors. This scoping review evaluates the national prevalence, risk factors, and contamination sources of intestinal protozoa in Kenya, using a One Health approach to synthesize existing data from various human, animal, and environmental studies.

Development of a High-Throughput qPCR Assay for Detecting Waterborne Protozoa and Helminths Across Different Environmental Media in China.

Introduction: The establishment of a high-throughput quantification approach for waterborne pathogenic protozoa and helminths is crucial for rapid screening and health risk assessment.

Methods: We developed a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR) assay targeting 19 waterborne protozoa and 3 waterborne helminths and validated its sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. The assay was then applied to test various environmental media samples.

Understanding marital stability through work-family experiences in proximal and distal contexts: Comparing United States and Japan.

Objective: Guided by Gottman's framework of marital stability and the ecological theories, the present study aims to understand the relationships between work-family spillover and marital stability within two levels of context-the relational and social cultural contexts.

Background: The relational context of marriage is manifested by spousal relationships-spousal support and strain, which would moderate the relationship between work-family spillover and marital stability. Identified relationships also unfold within sociocultural contexts.

Update on Pulmonary Toxicity Induced by New Breast Cancer Treatments.

In recent years, new anticancer drugs have been investigated and approved for the treatment of breast cancer based on improved survival outcomes. However, these new treatments have specific class-related side effects. Pulmonary toxicity has been identified as an adverse event of special interest with everolimus, and is becoming an increasingly significant clinical challenge with the recent approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan.

Effect of seeds on Glycated hemoglobin, Cardiovascular disease risks and dyslipidemia in Type-2 diabetic patients in Karachi: A non-blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To explore the effect of seeds powder { 500 mg} capsule in diabetes Type-2 (T2DM) patients in Karachi.

Methods: A randomized selection of 40 T2DM patients from Sindh Government Hospital New Karachi with their consents was done for a non-blinded controlled trial from October to December 2019 and divided into P (Positive Control, metformin 500 mg) & T (Test, + was also included, using the same dosage of CapCASP on twenty healthy volunteers. The data were analyzed using an online graph pad student's t-test and a one-way ANOVA (SPSS version 24) metformin 500mg each).

Exploring Barriers and Bridging Gaps: Perspectives of Nurses, Midwives, and Lady Health Workers in the Implementation of Emergency Obstetric Care.

Background & Objectives: Maternal mortality is a global concern primarily due to preventable obstetric complications. Challenges in implementing Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) in developing nations hinder effective reduction of these deaths. Our objective was to identify key challenges in EmOC practices among frontline healthcare providers, assess the severity and frequency of these barriers, and evaluate gaps in resources, training, and institutional support needed for effective resolution.

Emergence of Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing in mid-stream urine cultures of patients presenting in outpatient department of tertiary care hospital with uncomplicated cystitis (2016-2022): A retrospective analysis of Laboratory data.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in isolated from urine cultures of patients with uncomplicated cystitis in Pakistan. Another objective was to analyze and compare the resistance rates of to specific antibiotics, conducting a year-by-year evaluation of these rates to identify trends and changes over the past seven years.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of susceptibility data of isolated from midstream urine culture samples of patients presenting in outpatient department with uncomplicated cystitis, from January 2016 to December 2022 in the section of Microbiology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences was done.

Examining factor structure and psychometric properties of Ethical Leadership Questionnaire with Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of ethical leadership questionnaire (ELQ) by using a healthcare professional sample in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a total of 387 healthcare professionals completed the 15-items ELQ questionnaire between 18 October, 2023 and 17 January, 2024. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and a reliability test were performed on the obtained data.

Diagnostic accuracy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy among children with extra cranial solid masses at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and procedure safety of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of extra cranial solid masses in the pediatric population.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by the Department of Pediatric Hematology /Oncology and Radiology at Indus Hospital and Health Network Karachi from August 2022 to April 2023. A total of 118 pediatric patients, from age one month to 18 years, with extra cranial solid masses were studied.

Therapeutic effect of titanium locking plate combined with suture anchor repair in proximal humeral fractures.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of titanium locking plate combined with suture anchor (SA) repair in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures (PHF).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the clinical data of 113 patients with PHF admitted to Wuhan Fourth Hospital from March 2021 to October 2023. Among them, 55 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (OR/IF) using titanium locking plate (OR/IF group), and 58 patients underwent surgery with titanium locking plate combined with SA (SA group).

Survival after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute high-risk Pulmonary Embolism: A meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Objective: The survival benefit of venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) for the management of acute high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unclear. This meta-analysis combines data from comparative studies to assess the risk of mortality after ECMO vs standard care in the management of acute high-risk PE.

Methods: Databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from 01 January 2000 to 24 March 2023 for comparative studies with at least 10 patients/group comparing ECMO vs standard treatment.

Assessment of attitude towards e-professionalism: Students' perspectives from a Private Medical College in Lahore, Pakistan.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the social media practices and attitudes towards e-professionalism among undergraduate medical students in a medical college of Pakistan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 undergraduate medical students from 2 to final-year MBBS, at CMH Lahore Medical College from March to August 2022. After ethical approval, a printed questionnaire was distributed among students, selected by stratified random sampling technique.

Quality of life in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the impact of leishmaniasis on the quality of life of patients visiting the district headquarter hospital in District Khyber, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted in District Headquarter Hospital of Khyber District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from November 2019 to April 2020. In this study, 349 participants who consented were included by using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique.

Correlation between the severity of endometriosis and the occurrence of placenta accreta spectrum in the subsequent pregnancy.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between endometriosis (EMs) severity and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) risk in the subsequent pregnancy.

Method: Clinical records of 2,142 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for EMs at Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to January 2018, who had achieved pregnancy and were delivered, were analyzed. Baseline data, EMs stage, The Revised American Fertility Society (R-AFS) score, levels of serum indexes, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were recorded.

Randomized controlled trial on the treatment of Hypoferritinemia without Anemia: Comparing oral and intravenous iron supplementation among reproductive age women in Pakistan.

Background & Objectives: Hypoferritinemia without anemia (HWA) is an under-recognized public health concern. Early identification and targeted treatment of HWA can prevent unnecessary medication use and potential drug abuse. This study aims to establish clearer guidelines for recognizing and managing HWA, improving patient's outcome.

Comparing the efficacy of probiotic plus antibiotic with the Antibiotic Therapy alone on the recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of a probiotic plus antibiotic with antibiotic therapy alone for the prevention of the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis.

Method: A Randomized control trial was conducted in the Gynecological Department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan, between July 2022 and June 2023. One hundred and twenty (N=120) women with bacterial vaginosis, all cured with metronidazole, were enrolled and randomized.

The burden of cutaneous fungal infections in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Objective: In Pakistan, the real extent of fungal infection is unknown. Our objective was to estimate the burden of major fungal diseases here to emphasize their public health importance.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records (January 2019 - December 2019) of 863 patients diagnosed with superficial fungal infection (SFI) were reviewed at the dermatology department of Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi.

Factors associated with eye disorders and diseases: A retrospective study.

Objective: To retrospectively identify the factors associated with eye disorders and diseases.

Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in Bursa Uludag University Family Health Center in Turkey between 1-30 September 2023. The data of individuals who were registered with the Family Health Center and whose eye disorders and diseases were known were evaluated retrospectively.

Risk factors analysis and nomogram model construction for postoperative atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: To explore the risk factors associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) and to construct a nomogram predictive model.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data of 193 patients who received OPCABG in Huai'an First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2021 to November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the established diagnosis of POAF, patients were divided into the POAF group (n=75) and the non-POAF group (n=118).

Association between Pre-pregnancy BMI and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background & Objective: The specific influence of the pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI) on women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. Our objective was to investigate how PPBMI categories affect pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from patients attending the Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) from 2021 to 2023.

Efficacy of the nutritional support team model in the management of patients undergoing total gastrectomy combined with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of the nutritional support team (NST) management model in patients undergoing total gastrectomy combined with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

Methods: Clinical data of 102 patients who underwent total gastrectomy combined with Roux-en-Y anastomosis in Xingtai Central Hospital from January 2020 to October 2023 were retrospectively collected. Of 102 patients, 53 received the NST model of management (NST group), while 49 were managed by the conventional nutritional support (TN group).

Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients based on ultrasonograhic-clinicopathologic features.

Background & Objective: Determination of axillary lymph-node status plays a pivotal role in decision making for breast cancer treatment. Biopsy is the current standard of care but hold risks of complications as well. We aimed to find out the correlation of sonographic features of lymph node and histo-pathological findings, to predict axillary lymph-node metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Prevalence and predictors of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been increasingly recognized as a comorbidity in many psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to synthesize existing evidence to determine the frequency of OSA in patients diagnosed with BD and identify potential predictors of its occurrence.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Google Scholar databases were searched for English-language papers published up from 1 January 1960 to 31 October 2023 that reported incidences of OSA in patients with BP and provided sufficient data for quantitative analysis.