The cell biology and role of resorptive cells in diseases: A review.

Resorptive cells are responsible for the resorption of mineralized matrix of hard tissues. Bone-resorbing cells are called osteoclasts; however, they can resorb mineralized dental tissues or calcified cartilage and then they are called odontoclasts and chondroclasts, respectively. Resorptive cells form when mononuclear precursors derived from a monocyte-macrophage cell lineage are attracted to certain mineralized surfaces and subsequently fuse and adhere onto them for exerting their resorbing activity.

A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Efficacy of Classical and Gow-Gates Technique for Providing Anesthesia During Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: A Split Mouth Design.

Introduction: Reliable profound mandibular block anesthesia is questionable when depositing the anesthetic solution at the lingula. The Gow-Gates technique is an useful alternative to the classical inferior alveolar nerve block and the incidence of unsuccessful anesthesia may be as high as classical technique. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy, degree of patient acceptability, advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the classical and Gow-Gates techniques for providing anesthesia in patients undergoing bilateral symmetrical surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar under local anesthesia.

comparative evaluation of different storage media (hank's balanced salt solution, propolis, , and pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth.

Objectives: Prognosis of the avulsed teeth is mostly affected by extraoral dry period and storage medium used to store teeth before reimplantation. However, ability of storage media can affect cell viability and success of treatment. Various storage media were tried with some success.

Oral health of preschool children in Dhanbad District, Jharkhand: A gander into the maternal behavior and practices.

Introduction: Mothers have an important role in taking decisions about their children's oral health. The study assessed the echelon of oral health behavior and practices of the mothers in relation to their preschool-aged children, which could possibly influence their oral health.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 312 mothers, selected randomly from eight blocks of Dhanbad District, Jharkhand State, by administering a structured questionnaire on oral health behavior and practices regarding oral health.

Correlating the clinical assessment of impacted mandibular third molars with panoramic radiograph and intraoral periapical radiograph.

Aims And Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the clinical assessment of impacted third molars of mandible with panaromic radiograph (OPG) and intraoral periapical radiograph (IOPA) and to assess the efficacy of IOPA and. Moreover, we corroborated the OPG and IOPA findings of impacted mandiblar third molar root apex to inferior alveolar canal.

Materials And Methods: A total of 200 patients with pericoronitis were examined who were indicated for surgical extraction, among which 50 patients were selected for the study.

Role of forensic odontology in the Indian Armed Forces: An unexplored arena.

Forensic odontology (FO) is a branch of forensic medicine that in the interest of justice deals with proper handling and examination of dental evidence. Teeth can survive in most conditions encountered at death and during decomposition, even when the body is exposed to extreme forces and/or temperatures. FO is being practiced worldwide since 1775, after which it has not only become an integral part of the judicial system of the developed countries but also been adopted by the armed forces and investigative agencies of these countries.

Antibacterial Effect of Aloe Vera Gel against Oral Pathogens: An In-vitro Study.

Introduction: Natural herbal remedies have shown promising anti-microbial property and fewer side effects compared to synthetic anti-microbial therapy. Aloe Vera is a medicinal plant used for management of various infections since ancient times as it has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and immune-boosting properties.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-microbial and inhibitory activities of various concentration of Aloe Vera Gel (AVG) against oral pathogenic bacteria.

Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin and autogenous bone graft for the treatment of infrabony defects in chronic periodontitis: Clinical, radiological, and surgical reentry.

Context: Both intraoral autogenous bone grafting (ABG) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) offer a useful treatment modality for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects (IBDs). However, predictable regeneration in patients with severe attachment loss is a challenge to the practitioners.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of PRF with ABG for the treatment of IBDs in chronic periodontitis.

Techniques to Evaluate Dental Erosion: A Systematic Review of Literature.

This article reviews different techniques for evaluating dental erosion, weighs the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and presents the latest trends in the study of dental erosion. In May 2014, an initial search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of indexed journals from 1975 to 2013 using the following keywords: dental erosion; dental erosion In-vitro; and dental erosion in-vivo. Bibliographic citations from the papers found were then used to find other useful sources.

Utility of two methodologies in the clinical assessment of oral dryness in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the oral dryness in postmenopausal women and to correlate the salivary flow rate determined by sialometry with the clinical oral dryness score (CODS) obtained from Challacombe Scale. To correlate between subjective and objective oral dryness and relationship of salivary flow rate with that of the duration of menopause.

Materials And Methods: Sixty postmenopausal women were questioned regarding their oral dryness status and the duration of menopause.

Comparative Evaluation of Pediatric Patients with Mental Retardation undergoing Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Behavioral management of patients forms one of the foremost components of pediatric dental treatment. Some children readily cooperate with dental treatment, while others require general anesthesia as a part of treatment protocol for carrying out various dental procedures. Hence, we evaluated the pediatric patients with and without mental retardation, who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia.

An in vitro Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of endodontically treated Teeth with Different Restorative Materials.

Aims: The aim of the present study is to compare and assess the fracture resistance of root canal treated teeth with different restorative materials.

Materials And Methods: The present in vitro study was carried out on seventy-five freshly extracted, noncarious, single-canal human lower-first premolars with similar anatomic characteristics. Teeth were randomly assigned to five groups with 15 teeth being present in each group.

Comparison of Skin Staples and Standard Sutures for Closing Incisions After Head and Neck Cancer Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized and Prospective Study.

Purpose: To investigate the merits and demerits of stapled skin closure when compared to conventional sutures in head and neck cancer surgery.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 patients (40 patients each in control and study group) were enrolled. The patients underwent closure of incision wounds following head and neck cancer surgical procedures.

Herbal panacea: The need for today in dentistry.

Among ancient civilizations, India has been known to be a rich repository of medicinal plants. Herbal extracts have been used in traditional medicine for several thousand years. Some plants contain phytochemicals that have effects on the body.

Clinicopathologic Correlation of White, Non scrapable Oral Mucosal Surface Lesions: A Study of 100 Cases.

Introduction: White, non scrapable lesions are commonly seen in the oral cavity. Based on their history and clinical appearance, most of these lesions can be easily diagnosed, but sometimes diagnosis may go wrong. In order to arrive to a confirmative diagnosis, histopathological assessment is needed in many cases, if not all.

ZACD: A Retrograde Panoramic Analysis among Indian Population with New System of Classification.

Introduction: Zygomatic Air Cell Defect (ZACD) has been considered as a normal radiographic variant with a spare knowledge. This should be judged before any surgical procedure of the temporal region as lack of which can lead to infections of cranium and may other complications.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of ZACD and to propose a classification for the same using digital panoramic radiography.

Reduction of Complications of Local Anaesthesia in Dental Healthcare Setups by Application of the Six Sigma Methodology: A Statistical Quality Improvement Technique.

Background: Health care faces challenges due to complications, inefficiencies and other concerns that threaten the safety of patients.

Aim: The purpose of his study was to identify causes of complications encountered after administration of local anaesthesia for dental and oral surgical procedures and to reduce the incidence of complications by introduction of six sigma methodology.

Materials And Methods: DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control) process of Six Sigma was taken into consideration to reduce the incidence of complications encountered after administration of local anaesthesia injections for dental and oral surgical procedures using failure mode and effect analysis.

Estimation of age based on tooth cementum annulations: A comparative study using light, polarized, and phase contrast microscopy.

Context: The identification of living or deceased persons using unique traits and characteristics of the teeth and jaws is a cornerstone of forensic science. Teeth have been used to estimate age both in the young and old, as well as in the living and dead. Gradual structural changes in teeth throughout life are the basis for age estimation.

Knowledge regarding prescription of drugs among dental students: A descriptive study.

Introduction: The act of indicating one or more drugs to be taken by the patient, its dosage, and the interval of the treatment is known as prescribing. It is a dynamic and individualized clinical process. Cultural, social, economic and promotional factors can influence the pattern of prescription.

Expression of p63 in potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions.

Background: p63, a member of p53 family, known to be expressed in embryonic tissues and basal regenerative layers of many epithelial tissues in the adult, is also expressed in various benign and malignant lesions of body including lesions of oral cavity. To evaluate the expression of p63 and compare the expression qualitatively and quantitatively in normal buccal mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: The study material consisted of 45 archival cases which were divided into Group I with 5 cases of normal buccal mucosa, Group II with 15 cases of epithelial dysplasia, and Group III with 10 cases of OSMF and 15 cases of OSCC.

Effect of Habits and Nutritional Status on Clinical Grading and Histopathological Staging in Patients with Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressive debilitating disease affecting the oral, oropharyngeal and sometimes the oesophageal mucosa resulting in inability to eat due to burning, ulcers and stiffness.

Aim: The study was undertaken, to evaluate the correlation of clinical staging, histological grading and nutritional status using body mass index (BMI) with gutkha (habit) index in OSMF patients.

Materials And Methods: The study group comprised of 50 patients clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSMF.

The Effect of Four Commonly used Root Canal Irrigants on the Removal of Smear Layer: An In-vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of four commonly used chemicals in their ability to remove smear layer after instrumentation using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five extracted single canaled teeth of roots ranging 10-12 mm in length were used for the study. Teeth were divided into 4 study groups and 1 control group of 15 teeth each.

A comparative evaluation of freeze dried bone allograft and decalcified freeze dried bone allograft in the treatment of intrabony defects: A clinical and radiographic study.

Background: Ideal graft material for regenerative procedures is autogenous bone graft but the major disadvantage with this graft is the need for a secondary surgical site to procure donor material and the frequent lack of intraoral donor site to obtain sufficient quantities of autogenous bone for multiple or deep osseous defects. Hence, to overcome these disadvantages, bone allografts were developed as an alternative source of graft material.

Materials And Methods: In 10 patients with chronic periodontitis, 20 bilateral infrabony defects were treated with freeze dried bone allograft (FDBA-Group A) and decalcified freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA-Group B).

Effectiveness of the supraomohyoid neck dissection in clinically N0 neck patients with squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and gingivobuccal sulcus.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of the supraomohyoid neck dissection in clinically N0 neck patients with squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and gingivobuccal sulcus.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of gingivobuccal mucosa of oral cavity with clinically N0 neck, conducted over a period of 2 years from July 2007 to Oct 2009 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narayana Dental College and Hospital. The study was conducted in patients irrespective of age, sex, size, thickness, and type of differentiation of the lesion.