Exploring Decisional Conflict Experienced by Individuals Considering Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty Gender-affirming Surgery.

Background: Metoidioplasty and phalloplasty gender-affirming surgery (MaPGAS) is increasingly performed and requires patients to make complex decisions that may lead to decisional uncertainty. This study aimed to evaluate decisional conflict in individuals considering MaPGAS.

Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey to adult participants assigned female sex at birth and considering MaPGAS, recruited via social media platforms and community health centers.

Uveal Melanoma Metastasis to the Thyroid.

Background: Around 1.2 to 3.1% of thyroid malignancies are due to metastasis.

Intraoperative assessment of bone viability through improved analysis and visualization of dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging: technique report.

Bone devitalization is believed to be a critical determinant of complications such as infection or nonunion. However, intraoperative assessment of bone devitalization, particularly in open fractures and infections, remains highly subjective resulting in variation in treatment. Optical imaging tools, particularly dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging, can provide real-time, intraoperative assessment of bone and soft tissue perfusion, which informs the tissues' ability to heal and fight infection.

Radiographic Assessment of Ankle Fracture Displacement: A Validation Study.

Background: Ankle fracture displacement is an important outcome in clinical research examining the effectiveness of surgical and rehabilitation interventions. However, the assessment of displacement remains subjective without well-described or validated measurement methods. The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intrarater reliability of ankle fracture displacement radiographic measures and select measurement thresholds that differentiate displaced and acceptably reduced fractures.

Capacity Building for a New Multicenter Network Within the ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network.

Research capacity building is a critical component of professional development for pediatrician scientists, yet this process has been elusive in the literature. The ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) seeks to implement pediatric trials across medically underserved and rural populations. A key component of achieving this objective is building pediatric research capacity, including enhancement of infrastructure and faculty development.

Community health worker interventions for older adults with complex health needs: A systematic review.

Background/objectives: The number of older adults with complex health needs is growing, and this population experiences disproportionate morbidity and mortality. Interventions led by community health workers (CHWs) can improve clinical outcomes in the general adult population with multimorbidity, but few studies have investigated CHW-delivered interventions in older adults.

Design: We systematically reviewed the impact of CHW interventions on health outcomes among older adults with complex health needs.

Adolescents' Use of Digital Technologies and Preferences for Mobile Health Coaching in Public Mental Health Settings.

Youth with mental illnesses often engage in unhealthy behaviors associated with early mortality from physical diseases in adulthood, but interventions to support positive health behaviors are rarely offered as part of routine mental health care for this group. Digital health technology that is desirable, accessible, and affordable has the potential to address health behaviors in public mental health settings where many adolescents with severe mental health problems receive care. The aims of this study were to examine how adolescents receiving public mental health services use digital technology and social media and to explore their preferences using technology to support health and wellness.

Caregiver and expecting caregiver support for early peanut introduction guidelines.

Background: Recent guidelines recommend early peanut introduction (EPI) beginning around 4 to 6 months of age in infants with severe eczema and/or egg allergy and around 6 months for all other infants. Caregiver preferences for such practices are unknown.

Objective: To determine levels of support for early allergenic solid food recommendations among new and expecting caregivers of infants at risk for peanut allergy.

Electrophysiologic features of SYT2 mutations causing a treatable neuromuscular syndrome.

Objectives: To describe the clinical and electrophysiologic features of synaptotagmin II (SYT2) mutations, a novel neuromuscular syndrome characterized by foot deformities and fatigable ocular and lower limb weakness, and the response to modulators of acetylcholine release.

Methods: We performed detailed clinical and neurophysiologic assessment in 2 multigenerational families with dominant SYT2 mutations (c.920T>G [p.

Outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure managed by cardiologists versus noncardiologists.

Physician practice patterns in the management of hospitalized acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients may vary by specialty; comparative practice patterns in ADHF management and clinical outcomes as a function of provider type have not been well reported. We studied a total of 496 patients discharged with the principal diagnosis of ADHF to analyze practice patterns among 3 provider types (cardiologists, hospitalists, and nonhospitalists). We examined outcomes of death and rehospitalization for HF and adherence to the Joint Commission HF performance core measures.

Synaptotagmin 2 mutations cause an autosomal-dominant form of lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome and nonprogressive motor neuropathy.

Synaptotagmin 2 is a synaptic vesicle protein that functions as a calcium sensor for neurotransmission but has not been previously associated with human disease. Via whole-exome sequencing, we identified heterozygous missense mutations in the C2B calcium-binding domain of the gene encoding Synaptotagmin 2 in two multigenerational families presenting with peripheral motor neuron syndromes. An essential calcium-binding aspartate residue, Asp307Ala, was disrupted by a c.

HIV neuropathy: an in vivo confocal microscopic study.

Several approaches exist for quantitative assessment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP). While useful, each has some limitations. This study evaluated non-invasive, in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of Meissner corpuscles (MCs) as a measure of HIV-DSP.

"Patient Portals" and "E-Visits".

"Patient Portals" enable patients to review their medical record and add information to it. Clinics are using "E-Visits" to substitute for a face-to-face office visit. This article describes the experience of one healthcare system with "Patient Portals" and "E-Visits.

Infantile Crohn disease presenting with diarrhea and pyoderma gangrenosum.

Cutaneous erosions and ulcerations in the diaper area are common in infancy and usually result from local irritation. We describe an infant with chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive who developed extensive ulcerations in the inguinal folds and perineum that were initially thought to be exclusively caused by local irritation. A cutaneous examination found signs consistent with those of pyoderma gangrenosum, leading to a diagnosis of infantile Crohn disease.

Dental malocclusion and upper airway obstruction, an otolaryngologist's perspective.

Introduction: This paper, through the presentation of eight case reports and a limited literature review, attempts to illustrate the negative effect that upper airway obstruction can have on developing dental occlusion and the positive effect that upper airway relief can have on the 'normalization' of various malocclusion patterns believed to be related to chronic obligate mouth breathing.

Objective: To study the effect of airway relief (usually through tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy) on various patterns of dental malocclusion.

Methods: Children coming to the office of the lead author (D.

Delirium in patients with cancer at the end of life.

Purpose: Delirium is a common and distressing syndrome seen in patients with advanced cancer. Behavioral manifestations of delirium, such as agitation, may result in medical intervention, stress to family caregivers, and inpatient hospice admission. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency, characteristics, and presumed causes of delirium in patients with advanced cancer.

Care of the patient with chronic pain: part II.

Chronic nonmalignant pain frequently results in significant physical, behavioral, psychological, social, and spiritual issues for patients and their families. It is often misunderstood and unsuccessfully managed. Advanced practice nurses who are knowledgeable about chronic pain and the complex biopsychosocial-spiritual needs of this patient population serve an important role in recognizing these patients and intervening appropriately in their care.