13,860 results match your criteria: "Dartmouth College; maria.pellegrini@dartmouth.edu.[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • People quickly form impressions of others based on their facial appearance and can also understand their mental states by considering the context, like receiving positive feedback.
  • The study aimed to investigate how trait judgments of faces affect inferences about others' mental states, using neutral faces in specific contexts.
  • Researchers tested four hypotheses and found that people’s perceptions of facial traits are indeed correlated with their interpretations of mental states, alter the way these inferences are made, and have a causal impact on the judgments made.
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Purpose: The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care may afford new avenues for personalized and patient-centered care. This systematic review explored the role of AI in symptom monitoring for adult cancer survivors.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed from inception to November 2023 in seven bibliographic databases and three clinical trial registries.

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A growing evidence base suggests that the integration of museum-based activities into health professions education can contribute to learner resilience and wellbeing, promote capacity for patient-centered care, and encourage equity in learning environments. However, the styles and methods for implementing museum-based programs vary widely across different institutions. This retrospective leverages the lessons learned from 5 years of experience implementing museum-based programs at one large academic institution to examine the various operational and logistical considerations in implementing a museum-based program for health professions learners.

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Novel Pharmacologic and Other Somatic Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: State of the Evidence.

Am J Psychiatry

December 2024

National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC (Sippel, Hamblen, Kelmendi, Schnurr, Holtzheimer); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Psychiatry, Hanover, NH (Sippel, Hamblen, Schnurr, Holtzheimer); Northeast Program Evaluation Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, (Sippel); Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Kelmendi); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (Alpert); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (Carpenter); Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (Grzenda); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus (Kraguljac); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (McDonald); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA (Rodriguez); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Widge); Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (Nemeroff).

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that can become chronic and debilitating when left untreated. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments for PTSD among adults are individual trauma-focused psychotherapies. Other evidence-based treatments include specific antidepressant medications and non-trauma-focused psychotherapies.

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: We compared thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with slow vital capacity (SVC) to determine if EIT could monitor pulmonary function in ALS patients longitudinally. : Of 32 ALS patients and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) initially enrolled in the Pulmonary Function via Impedance Tomography (PuFIT) study, 22 ALS and 20 HCs returned for a follow-up visit ∼3.9 months later.

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Objective: Characterize the association between Medicare Accountable Care Organizations' (ACOs) behavioral health integration capability and quality and utilization among adults with serious mental illness (SMI).

Background: Controlled research supports the efficacy of integrating physical and mental health care for adults with SMI, yet little is known about the organizations integrating care and associations between integration capability and quality.

Methods: We surveyed Medicare ACOs (2017-2018 National Survey of ACOs, response rate 69%) and linked responses to 2016-2017 fee-for-service Medicare claims for beneficiaries with SMI.

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Should biologics be available for all patients with uncontrolled asthma, regardless?: Absolutely and here is why.

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol

November 2024

Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Electronic address:

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Early versus delayed timing of vitrectomy after open-globe injury.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev

November 2024

Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • This protocol outlines a Cochrane Review focused on the timing of vitrectomy following open-globe injuries.
  • The main goal is to compare the effects of performing the surgery early versus later on patients' visual outcomes.
  • The review aims to provide evidence that could guide clinical decisions regarding the optimal timing for vitrectomy in such cases.
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Background: Nigeria faces a critical shortage of healthcare professionals yet experiences a significant annual exodus of doctors and dentists. This alarming trend threatens the country's ability to provide equitable healthcare.

Objective: This study investigated the patterns and determinants of migration among doctors and dentists who graduated from the University of Benin, Nigeria, 15 years ago.

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We compared the ability of adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenoma per colonoscopy (APC) to assess endoscopist detection, using statistical principles and simulations. We simulated a population of endoscopists and patients to compare the ability of ADR versus APC for capturing true endoscopist ability (TEA). We compared these rates with and without adjustment for patient and exam factors using multivariable models, and adjustment for imprecision due to low volume using empirical Bayes (shrinkage).

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Background: Clinical risk factors of deficient immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 naive hemodialysis recipients (HDR) have already been identified. Clinical factors influencing hybrid immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in HDR have not been reported.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of antibody (Ab) and T cell responses to two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination was performed in 103 HDR, including 75 SARS-CoV-2 naive and 28 experienced patients, and in 106 healthy controls (HC) not undergoing HD, including 40 SARS-CoV-2 naive and 66 experienced subjects.

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Despite their central role in hospital care, little research has explored medical-surgical nurses' perspectives on the rewarding aspects of and significant influences on caring for adults with intellectual disabilities, even though they are key to understanding this population's inequitable hospital outcomes. A qualitative descriptive design was used, and interviews were conducted with 13 medical-surgical nurses from the United States. Manifest content analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts and categorize findings.

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Pink illusions and white shifts.

Iperception

November 2024

Department of Psychology, Glendon College, North York, ON, Canada; CVR, York University, North York, ON, Canada; Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.

A rotating stimulus of alternating red and white sectors generates a faint pink fill throughout the image. The trailing cyan after images of the red sectors quickly become the brightest regions in the image, providing an index of the overall illumination that triggers a shift of the white point. Actual white areas then shift in the opposite direction and appear pink.

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Background: Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Studies to date have not used comprehensive measures of tobacco exposures across the life course. We examined the association between a lifetime cigarette smoke exposure index (LCSEI) and HRQOL among older US adults.

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are implicated in many human diseases. Small molecules that target the disordered androgen receptor transactivation domain have entered human trials for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. These molecules have been shown to react with cysteine residues of the androgen receptor transactivation domain and form covalent adducts under physiological conditions.

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encodes surface glycoproteins that are host defense evasion molecules, allowing the virus to escape immune clearance. In addition to their role in neuropathogenesis and cell-cell spread, glycoproteins E and I (gE/gI) form a viral Fc receptor (vFcR) for most subclasses and allotypes of human IgG and promote evasion of humoral immune responses. While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) protect mice from neonatal HSV (nHSV) infections, the impact of the vFcR on mAb-mediated protection by binding to IgG is unknown.

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Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life and in neurodegenerative conditions from brain resident oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The transition from OPC to oligodendrocyte involves a complex cascade of molecular and morphological states that position the cell to make a fate decision to integrate as a myelinating oligodendrocyte or die through apoptosis. Oligodendrocyte maturation impacts the cell death mechanisms that occur in degenerative conditions, but it is unclear if and how the cell death machinery changes as OPCs transition into oligodendrocytes.

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Preparing Residents for Rural Practice and Advocacy: The Experiences of Three Residency Training Programs in the Northeast United States (2009-2023).

Pediatr Clin North Am

February 2025

Department of Pediatrics, Robert J. Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Pediatric Residency Program, University of Vermont Children's Hospital, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.

Residents that are exposed to rural practice during their training may be more likely to consider working in rural settings after training, whether that be in primary or specialty care. The authors describe 3 programs in northern New England that have had rural rotations and opportunities for residents for decades, and discuss curricular similarities and differences, and workforce outcomes postresidency. In addition, they share a collaborative curriculum and approach to advocacy that brings residents together to share ideas and projects to learn from each other.

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Anhedonia in flux: Understanding the associations of emotion regulation and anxiety with anhedonia dynamics in a sample with major depressive disorder.

J Affect Disord

November 2024

Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States.

Negative rumination and emotion regulation difficulties have been consistently linked with depression. Despite anhedonia-the lack of interest in pleasurable experiences-being a cardinal symptom of depression, emotion regulation of positive emotions, including dampening, are considered far less in the literature. Given that anhedonia may manifest through blunted responses to previously positive or enjoyable experiences, it is vital to understand how different positive emotion regulation strategies impact anhedonia symptom severity and how it can vary or change over time.

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Were COVID and the Great Recession well-being reducing?

PLoS One

November 2024

Professor of Quantitative Social Science, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom.

Using micro-data on six surveys-the Gallup World Poll 2005-2023, the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1993-2022, Eurobarometer 1991-2022, the UK Covid Social Survey Panel, 2020-2022, the European Social Survey 2002-2020 and the IPSOS Happiness Survey 2018-2023 -we show individuals' reports of subjective wellbeing in Europe declined in the Great Recession of 2008/9 and during the Covid pandemic of 2020-2021 on most measures.

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Article Synopsis
  • * There is a growing need for alternative treatments due to drug resistance in H. pylori, leading to research at the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID) into potential drug targets, specifically Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS).
  • * The SSGCID has successfully determined the structure of H. pylori GluRS, which shares significant similarities with other bacterial GluRS, presenting opportunities for drug discovery aimed at developing new antibacterials to combat H. pylori infections.
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Purpose: The measurement of corneal sensation can be useful in the diagnosis of corneal neuropathies. Although the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (CB) is the gold standard, cotton wisp (CW) and dental floss are commonly used in clinical practice.

Methods: We assessed the steady-state force of thick dental floss (tkDF), thin dental floss (tnDF), and CW compared with that of CB.

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Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in PI-RADS 3 Lesions Using T2w-Derived Radiomics Feature Maps in 3T Prostate MRI.

Curr Oncol

November 2024

Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.

Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions are a challenge in the clinical workflow. A better detection of the infrequently occurring clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in PI-RADS 3 lesions is an important objective.

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