The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products in the Mouse Anterior Cingulate Cortex is Involved in Neuron‒Astrocyte Coupling in Chronic Inflammatory Pain and Anxiety Comorbidity.

Previous studies have shown that astrocyte activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), accompanied by upregulation of the astrocyte marker S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), contributes to comorbid anxiety in chronic inflammatory pain (CIP), but the exact downstream mechanism is still being explored. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) plays an important role in chronic pain and psychosis by recognizing ligands, including S100B. Therefore, we speculate that RAGE may be involved in astrocyte regulation of the comorbidity between CIP and anxiety by recognizing S100B.

A multimodal transformer system for noninvasive diabetic nephropathy diagnosis via retinal imaging.

Differentiating between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) without a kidney biopsy remains a major challenge, often leading to missed opportunities for targeted treatments that could greatly improve NDRD outcomes. To reform the traditional biopsy-all diagnostic paradigm and avoid unnecessary biopsy, we developed a transformer-based deep learning (DL) system for detecting DN and NDRD upon non-invasive multi-modal data of fundus images and clinical characteristics. Our Trans-MUF achieved an AUC of 0.

Dynamic pathophysiological features of early primary blast lung injury: a novel functional incapacity pig model.

Introduction: While there is evidence supporting the use of ultrasound for real-time monitoring of primary blast lung injury (PBLI), uncertainties remain regarding the timely detection of early PBLI and the limited data correlating it with commonly used clinical parameters. Our objective is to develop a functional incapacity model for PBLI that better addresses practical needs and to verify the early diagnostic effectiveness of lung ultrasound in identifying PBLI.

Methods: We selected six healthy male pigs to develop an animal model using a bio-shock tube (BST-I).

The availability of drugs for stable COPD treatment in China: a cross-sectional survey.

This survey aimed to investigate the availability of drugs for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment in Chinese hospitals and to determine whether drug availability significantly varied among hospitals with different characteristics. A well-constructed questionnaire was designed according to the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of COPD (revised version 2021). Both inhaled drugs (monotherapy, double therapy and triple therapy) and oral drugs (expectorants, theophylline, antibiotics, and bacterial lysates) were included in this survey.

Decreased serum PF4 levels correlate with cognitive decline and CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese cohort.

Background: Platelet factor 4 (PF4), a chemotactic factor secreted from the α-granules of platelets, has recently been proved to mitigate neuroinflammation and improve aging-related cognition decline, which may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: This study aims to investigate the alterations of serum PF4 levels in AD, the correlation between serum PF4 and β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the potential diagnostic utility of PF4 in AD.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 38 amyloid-positive AD patients and 50 cognitively normal controls.

Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor metabolism and microenvironment.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate, web-like formations composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins, released by neutrophils. These structures participate in a wide array of physiological and pathological activities, including immune rheumatic diseases and damage to target organs. Recently, the connection between NETs and cancer has garnered significant attention.

Transanal vs Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision and 3-Year Disease-Free Survival in Rectal Cancer: The TaLaR Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Previous studies have demonstrated the advantages of short-term histopathological outcomes and complications associated with transanal total mesorectal excision (TME) compared with laparoscopic TME. However, the long-term oncological outcomes of transanal TME remain ambiguous. This study aims to compare 3-year disease-free survival of transanal TME with laparoscopic TME.

pneumonia followed by lower gastrointestinal ischemic necrosis: a case report.

Background: Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever, is an uncommon infectious disease caused by (C. psittaci). While infections are usually not life-threatening, the pathogenesis and associated complications are not yet fully understood.

Prevalence of malnutrition among adult inpatients in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. However, no national survey has been conducted to characterize its epidemiology in hospital settings in China. We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamental Data 2020 project among a multistage stratified cluster sample of adult inpatients from 291 study sites across 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (except for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan Province, and the Xizang Autonomous Region, please see MATERIALS AND METHODS for details of the causes) of China to generate reliable data on the prevalence of malnutrition and explore the associated risk factors.

Impact of anesthetic methods on outcomes for patients with large core stroke undergoing endovascular treatment.

Background: The optimal anesthetic method for endovascular therapy in acute large core stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anesthetic methods on outcomes in patients with large core stroke.

Methods: This study was a subanalysis of a prospective, multicenter registry at 38 stroke centers in China.

Ten Machine Learning Models for Predicting Preoperative and Postoperative Coagulopathy in Patients With Trauma: Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Recent research has revealed the potential value of machine learning (ML) models in improving prognostic prediction for patients with trauma. ML can enhance predictions and identify which factors contribute the most to posttraumatic mortality. However, no studies have explored the risk factors, complications, and risk prediction of preoperative and postoperative traumatic coagulopathy (PPTIC) in patients with trauma.

Synaptic-mitochondrial transport: mechanisms in neural adaptation and degeneration.

Synaptic plasticity is the basis for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Synapses are the contact points between neurons and are crucial for information transmission, the structure and function of synapses change adaptively based on the different activities of neurons, thus affecting processes such as learning, memory, and neural development and repair. Synaptic activity requires a large amount of energy provided by mitochondria.

Impact of APOBEC3s on the occurrence, development and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a severe malignant tumor of the digestive system that poses a significant threat to human health. Despite its significance, the complex molecular mechanism regulating the occurrence and development of ESCC remain elusive. The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) members constitute a pivotal subfamily of the APOBEC family that possess cytidine deaminase activity.

Pleural Rosai-Dorfman disease complicated with renal clear cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare non-malignant disorder characterized by excessive proliferation of histiocytes, the cause of which remains unknown. Although the lymph nodes are the most commonly affected site, some patients may present with extranodal involvement, particularly in the skin, nasal cavity, eyes, and bones. In this report, we aim to present a unique case of RDD with pleural involvement in a 61-year-old patient.

Circulating proliferative factors versus portal inflow redistribution: mechanistic insights of ALPPS-derived rapid liver regeneration.

Background: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) can induce accelerated regeneration of future liver remnant (FLR) and effectively reduce the occurrence of liver failure due to insufficient FLR after hepatectomy, thereby increasing the probability of radical resection for previously inoperable patients with liver cancer. However, the exact mechanism by which ALPPS accelerates liver regeneration remains elusive.

Methods: A review of the literature was performed utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases in March of 2024.

SOX2 control activation of dormant prostate cancer cells in bone metastases by promoting CCNE2 gene expression.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a powerful tumor initiation ability, which can promote the early dissemination of single disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), leading to tumor progression. SOX2, a pluripotent inducible transcription factor, is key to maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency of prostate cancer stem cells. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of how SOX2 regulates DTCs dormancy and proliferation in the bone marrow microenvironment.

Association between inflammatory indices and preoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty: a retrospective study.

Background: To investigate the association between inflammatory indices-systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

Methods: We created the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve using the ratios of SII, MLR, NLR, PLR to DVT before TJA, divided the enrolled patients into groups based on the cut-off value, and then analyzed risk factors for DVT before TJA in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.

Results: A total of 2125 patients were enrolled and preoperative DVT occurred in 110 cases (5.

Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media in patients with a history of allergies.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, patterns and influence factors for iodinated contrast media (ICM)-related adverse reaction (AR) in patients with a history of allergies.

Methods: Patients with a history of allergies who underwent contrast-enhanced CT between January 2014 and December 2020 were enrolled. ICM-related AR and patient information were retrospectively analyzed.

Association between C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and overall survival in patients with esophageal cancer.

Background: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis, making early detection and treatment crucial. C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a comprehensive indicator which is involved in the process of metabolism, inflammation and immune reaction, and has been addressed to correlate with clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, However, the evidence in esophageal cancer remains unclear.

Single-cell mitophagy patterns within the tumor microenvironment modulate intercellular communication, impacting the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high incidence that seriously threatens patients' lives and health. However, with the rise and application of new treatments, such as immunotherapy, there are still some restrictions in the treatment and diagnosis of HCC, and the therapeutic effects on patients are not ideal.

Methods: Two single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from HCC patients, encompassing 25,189 cells, were analyzed in the study.

Potent human antibodies against SpA5 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of phase I clinical volunteers' B cells.

The drug resistance problem of needs to be solved urgently. Here, we report the rapid identification of human antibodies by high-throughput single-cell RNA and VDJ sequencing of memory B cells derived from 64 volunteers immunized with recombinant five-component vaccine (clinical phase I). From 676 antigen-binding IgG1 clonotypes, TOP10 sequences were selected for expression and characterization, with the most potent one, Abs-9, having nanomolar affinity for the pentameric form of the specific antigen protein A.

Deep learning-based MVIT-MLKA model for accurate classification of pancreatic lesions: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Accurate differentiation between benign and malignant pancreatic lesions is critical for effective patient management. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel deep learning network using baseline computed tomography (CT) images to predict the classification of pancreatic lesions.

Methods: This retrospective study included 864 patients (422 men, 442 women) with confirmed histopathological results across three medical centers, forming a training cohort, internal testing cohort, and external validation cohort.

Possible brain regions involved in parturition in mice.

Parturition is a vital physiological process in the reproduction of female mammals, regulated by neurohumoral mechanisms coordinated by the central nervous system. The uterus is essential for this process; however, the neural pathways connecting the brain to the uterus remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined the pseudorabies virus (PRV) tracing tool with c-Fos immunofluorescence staining to identify brain regions that may regulate uterine muscle activity during parturition.

Dynamic proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveals key pathways and targets in the early stages of high-altitude traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly at high altitudes (HA-TBI), is a leading cause of mortality and disability, yet clear diagnostic and treatment protocols are lacking. This study explores the early pathophysiological changes occurring within 24 h following HA-TBI, with a focus on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and phosphorylated proteins (DEPPs). Using a low-pressure hypoxic chamber to simulate high-altitude conditions combined with a controllable cortical impact (CCI) model, we established a rat model of HA-TBI.