Timely Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis Based on the Epidemiological Disease Spectrum: Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Timely pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis is a global health priority for interrupting transmission and optimizing treatment outcomes. The traditional dichotomous time-divided approach for addressing time delays in diagnosis has limited clinical application because the time delay significantly varies depending on each community in question.

Objective: We aimed to reevaluate the diagnosis time delay based on the PTB disease spectrum using a novel scoring system that was applied at the national level in the Republic of Korea.

The transdifferentiation of human dedifferentiated fat cells into fibroblasts: An in vitro experimental pilot study.

Background: Skin grafting is a common method of treating damaged skin; however, surgical complications may arise in patients with poor health. Currently, no effective conservative treatment is available for extensive skin loss. Mature adipocytes, which constitute a substantial portion of adipose tissue, have recently emerged as a potential source of stemness.

Arthroscopic Medialization Partial Repair with Biologic Interposition Tuberoplasty for Large to Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear.

An irreparable rotator cuff tear is a challenging condition to treat, and various treatment modalities are being introduced. Medialization in the partial repair method has the limitation of exposing the tuberosity, while tension-free biologic interposition tuberoplasty using acellular dermal matrix has the limitation of exposing the humeral head. The authors believe that by combining these two techniques, it is possible to complement each other's limitations.

Effect of complicated, untreated and uncontrolled diabetes and pre-diabetes on treatment outcome among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background And Objective: Patients with tuberculosis and diabetes have a higher risk of unfavourable anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of various diabetes statuses on the outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: Among the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis enrolled in the Korea Tuberculosis Cohort (KTBC) registry and the multicentre prospective cohort study of pulmonary tuberculosis (COSMOTB), those with diabetes and complicated diabetes were identified.

Comparison of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir and Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 and 2 in South Korea.

Background/aims: This study compared the effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) in real-life clinical practice.

Methods: The data from genotype 1 or 2 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with GLE/PIB or sofosbuvir + ribavirin or SOF/LDV in South Korea were collected retrospectively. The analysis included the treatment completion rate, sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) test rate, treatment effectiveness, and adverse events.

Deep learning algorithm for the automated detection and classification of nasal cavity mass in nasal endoscopic images.

Nasal endoscopy is routinely performed to distinguish the pathological types of masses. There is a lack of studies on deep learning algorithms for discriminating a wide range of endoscopic nasal cavity mass lesions. Therefore, we aimed to develop an endoscopic-examination-based deep learning model to detect and classify nasal cavity mass lesions, including nasal polyps (NPs), benign tumors, and malignant tumors.

Proximal row carpectomy with interposition arthroplasty using both capsular flap and acellular human dermal matrix.

Background: In cases of wrist arthritis, proximal row carpectomy (PRC) has been widely utilized and shown favorable long-term outcomes. However, its applicability is limited in cases where arthritis extends to the lunate fossa or capitate. Recently, surgical approaches combining various methods of interposition arthroplasty have been introduced to overcome these drawbacks.

Synergistic toxicity with copper contributes to NAT2-associated isoniazid toxicity.

Anti-tuberculosis (AT) medications, including isoniazid (INH), can cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic factors that may increase the susceptibility of individuals to AT-DILI and to examine genetic interactions that may lead to isoniazid (INH)-induced hepatotoxicity. We performed a targeted sequencing analysis of 380 pharmacogenes in a discovery cohort of 112 patients (35 AT-DILI patients and 77 controls) receiving AT treatment for active tuberculosis.

Antiseptic, Hemostatic, and Wound Activity of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-Iodine Gel with Trimethyl Chitosan.

Wound management practices have made significant advancements, yet the search for improved antiseptics persists. In our pursuit of solutions that not only prevent infections but also address broader aspects of wound care, we investigated the impact of integrating trimethyl chitosan (TMC) into a widely used poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-iodine gel (PVP-I gel). Our study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of the PVP gel with TMC against , , multidrug-resistant MRSA, and .

Factors associated with gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: A multicenter case-control study.

Background And Aims: The incidence of gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (GNET and DNET, respectively) is increasing, however associated factors of these diseases are not well known. Here, we investigated the factors associated with GNET and DNET.

Methods: Patients with GNET and DNET presenting at eight tertiary referral centers between 2001 and 2020 were included and compared with healthy controls who underwent upper endoscopic screening.

Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality for Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Background: Clinical outcome of ischemic cardiogenic shock (CS) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is highly variable, necessitating appropriate assessment of prognosis. However, a systemic predictive model estimating the mortality of refractory ischemic CS is lacking. The PRECISE (Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality for Patients With Refractory Ischemic Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support) score was developed to predict the prognosis of refractory ischemic CS due to acute myocardial infarction.

Pedicled abdominal flap using deep inferior epigastric artery perforators for forearm reconstruction: A case report.

Background: Pedicled abdominal flaps are a widely used surgical technique for forearm reconstruction in patients with soft tissue defects. However, some drawbacks include restricted flap size, partial flap loss, and donor-site morbidity. To address these concerns, we present a case of a pedicled abdominal flap using the deep inferior epigastric artery perforators (DIEP) for forearm reconstruction in a patient with a large soft tissue defect.

Genetic specificity study using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer compared to primary colorectal cancer.

Background: In patients with colorectal cancer, peritoneal metastases are the second most frequent metastatic lesion after liver metastases. Peritoneal metastases have a very poor prognosis, with a median survival time of 5-7 months. Currently, there is a lack of research on the genetic differences between primary colorectal cancer and peritoneal metastases.

Association between metformin use and the risk of developing open-angle glaucoma among patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Recent studies examining the neuroprotective effects of metformin on open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have failed to provide consistent results. In this study, we investigated the association between metformin use and OAG.

Methods: Data were obtained from a sample cohort of the Korean National Health Insurance database.

Combination of arthroscopic biologic tuberoplasty and bursal acromial reconstruction.

Background: Recently, among the various method for irreparable rotator cuff tears, the "tension-free allodermis graft technique" has been introduced as a method for arthroscopic biologic tuberoplasty(ABT) and bursal acromial reconstruction(BAR).The objective was to analyze the outcomes of ABT and BAR combination surgical technique.

Methods: Eighteen cases who underwent simultaneous ABT and BAR procedures were retrospectively recruited.

Hemostatic effect of fibrinogen concentrate on traumatic massive hemorrhage: a propensity score matching study.

Background: Fibrinogen concentrate (FC) can be administered during massive transfusions to manage trauma-induced coagulopathy. However, its effectiveness in survival remains inconclusive due to scarce high-level evidence. This study aimed to investigate the hemostatic effects of FC regarding mortality in massive hemorrhage caused by trauma.

Long-term Survivor of Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas (UPC) is a rare, aggressive pancreatic cancer subtype. In addition, there is limited data on optimal management and patients tend to present with unresectable disease. This highlights the need to explore non-surgical treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Impact of metformin on cardiovascular and kidney outcome based on kidney function status in type 2 diabetic patients: a multicentric, retrospective cohort study.

Metformin is the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its effectiveness in improving clinical outcomes in patients with preserved renal function, however, the evidence on the effectiveness of metformin in various renal functions is lacking. We performed a retrospective, multicenter, observational study used data of patients with T2DM obtained from three tertiary hospitals' databases. Patients given metformin within run-in periods and with at least one additional prescription formed the metformin cohort.