Identifying Marijuana Use Behaviors Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness Using a Machine Learning-Based Framework: Development and Evaluation Study.

Background: Youth experiencing homelessness face substance use problems disproportionately compared to other youth. A study found that 69% of youth experiencing homelessness meet the criteria for dependence on at least 1 substance, compared to 1.8% for all US adolescents.

Developing public-private R&D consortia to accelerate Alzheimer's disease drug development.

Efforts to accelerate Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug development have been spurred on by the creation of open science, public-private R&D consortia. An R&D consortium provides an improved structure for generating and disseminating AD knowledge across a range of organizations while also aligning their interests. Drawing from archival and interview data collected on 46 public-private R&D consortia focused wholly or in part on AD, we uncover two important innovations: the creation of novel consortium types that facilitate coordination beyond the individual consortium, and the practice of organizations joining multiple consortia.

Expanding the empirical study of virtual reality beyond empathy to compassion, moral reasoning, and moral foundations.

This study utilizes a controlled experimental design to investigate the influence of a virtual reality experience on empathy, compassion, moral reasoning, and moral foundations. With continued debate and mixed results from previous studies attempting to show relationships between virtual reality and empathy, this study takes advantage of the technology for its ability to provide a consistent, repeatable experience, broadening the scope of analysis beyond empathy. A systematic literature review identified the most widely used and validated moral psychology assessments for the constructs, and these assessments were administered before and after the virtual reality experience.

Rebound effects undermine carbon footprint reduction potential of autonomous electric vehicles.

Autonomous vehicles offer greater passenger convenience and improved fuel efficiency. However, they are likely to increase road transport activity and life cycle greenhouse emissions, due to several rebound effects. In this study, we investigate tradeoffs between improved fuel economy and rebound effects from a life-cycle perspective.

When CEO Pay Becomes a Brand Problem.

For over four decades, the topic of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation has attracted considerable attention from the fields of economics, finance, management, public policy, law, and business ethics. As scholarly interest in CEO pay has increased, so has public concern about the ethics of high CEO pay. Despite growing interest and pressure among the public and government to reduce CEO pay, it has continued to increase.

Changes in healthcare spending attributable to obesity and overweight: payer- and service-specific estimates.

Background: National efforts to control US healthcare spending are potentially undermined by changes in patient characteristics, and in particular increases in rates of obesity and overweight. The objective of this study was to provide current estimates of the effect of obesity and overweight on healthcare spending overall, by service line and by payer using the National Institutes of Health classifications for BMI.

Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design and analyzed the data using generalized linear models and two-part models to estimate obesity- and overweight-attributable spending.

Policy responses to COVID-19 and stock market reactions - An international evidence.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused escalating levels of business, economic and societal uncertainty and created extensive disruptions around the world. Policymakers have responded with a variety of measures to combat this unprecedented crisis. This paper investigates the stock market reactions to the national policy responses.

The future of buyer-seller interactions: a conceptual framework and research agenda.

The revolution in information availability and the advances in novel interaction technologies have ushered in two major shifts that call into question the traditional assumptions of buyer-seller interactions. First, buyer-seller has greatly decreased in many interactions. Second, face-to-face communication is no longer the main format of buyer-seller interactions.

Exogenous brand crises: brand infection and contamination.

Although there is an established literature regarding brand transgressions, Covid-19 has highlighted the need to better understand exogenously created brand crises. We introduce, define, and distinguish between two types of crises that emanate from exogenous, offending brands and the broader marketplace-brand infection and brand contamination. We further present future research ideas that can provide insights into the prevention, mitigation, and recovery strategies that firms can employ to address exogenously created brand crises.

Appointment utilization as a trigger for palliative care introduction: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease palliative care guidelines would benefit from more diverse and objectively defined health status measures.

Aim: The aim is to identify high-risk patients from administrative data and facilitate timely and uniform palliative care involvement.

Design: It is a retrospective cohort study.

The Role of Incentives in Health - Closing the Gap.

Incentives motivate individuals to act in a certain way. Incentives are everywhere and in everything; they are woven into the very fabric of our lives. To address the issue of spiraling health care costs, incentive programs must be put into place to discourage the behaviors driving the growth of these costs.

Toward a Contemporary Definition of Health.

Aristotle saw that the striving of humanity was toward being well - a physical, mental and spiritual state where life flourished. A contemporary definition of health recognizes that disease and disability can and often do co-exist with wellness. In this new conception, health is transformed from a state that requires the absence of disease to a state where the central theme is the fullness of life.

Big Data, Efficient Markets, and the End of Daily Fantasy Sports As We Know It?

Fantasy sports are a popular way for individuals to add another layer of enjoyment to their interest in sports. While fantasy sports have been around for many years, access to big data sets and computer power to process them is a relatively new phenomenon, as well as the ability to compete in daily competitions and not just season-long campaigns. We posit that access to new and yet unforeseen data, models, and computing power to manage it, when viewed through the lens of efficient market hypothesis, will cause the daily fantasy sports market to change dramatically.

Influences on teleconsultation project utilization rates: the role of dominant logic.

Background: This research analyzes teleconsultation from both a mechanistic and complex adaptive system (CAS) dominant logic in order to further understand the influence of dominant logic on utilization rates of teleconsultation projects. In both dominant logics, the objective of teleconsultation projects is to increase access to and quality of healthcare delivery in a cost efficient manner. A mechanistic dominant logic perceives teleconsultation as closely resembling the traditional service delivery model, while a CAS dominant logic focuses on the system's emergent behavior of learning resulting from the relationships and interactions of participating healthcare providers.

Fit and frustration as drivers of targeted counterproductive work behaviors: A multifoci perspective.

In this article, the authors integrate the theory of work adjustment (Dawis, England, & Lofquist, 1964) and the stressor emotion model of counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs; Spector & Fox, 2005) to examine workplace frustration as an intervening mechanism that mediates relations between person-environment (P-E) fit and CWBs. Moreover, we adopt a multifoci perspective to estimate effects for multiple fit, frustration, and CWB foci. We examine the nature of relations between fit, frustration, and CWB for like foci (target similar effects), as well as cross-foci effects.

Facilitating telemedicine project sustainability in medically underserved areas: a healthcare provider participant perspective.

Background: Very few telemedicine projects in medically underserved areas have been sustained over time. This research furthers understanding of telemedicine service sustainability by examining teleconsultation projects from the perspective of healthcare providers. Drivers influencing healthcare providers' continued participation in teleconsultation projects and how projects can be designed to effectively and efficiently address these drivers is examined.

Current issues in patient safety in surgery: a review.

Current surgical safety guidelines and checklists are generic and are not specifically tailored to address patient issues and risk factors in surgical subspecialties. Patient safety in surgical subspecialties should be templated on general patient safety guidelines from other areas of medicine and mental health but include and develop specific processes dedicated for the care of the surgical patients. Safety redundant systems must be in place to decrease errors in surgery.

What's needed next: a culture of candor.

If there's one thing that the past decade's business disasters should teach us, it's that we need to stop evaluating corporate leaders simply on the basis of how much wealth they create for investors. A healthier yardstick would be this: the extent to which leaders create firms that are economically, ethically, and socially sustainable. The first step toward accomplishing that task is to create a culture of candor.