Assessing Fidelity in Yoga Interventions for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Decision-Making to Enhance Protocol Quality Adherence.

Background: Yoga interventions need fidelity monitoring to standardize the trial process and ensure adherence. We examined fidelity measures of current yoga trials and developed a fidelity assurance process in a phase III randomized clinical trial addressing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy among cancer survivors.

Methods: We qualitatively analyzed the fidelity monitoring components in published clinical trials on yoga therapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy through a literature search in PubMed from inception to February 2023.

Pyrimidine-Dependent UV-Mediated Cross-Linking Magnifies Minor Genetic or Epigenetic Changes in Clinical Samples.

Background: Detection of minor DNA allele alterations is becoming increasingly important for early detection and monitoring of cancer. We describe a new method that uses ultraviolet light to eliminate wild-type DNA alleles and enables improved detection of minor genetic or epigenetic changes.

Methods: Pyrimidine-dependent UV-based minor-allele enrichment (PD-UVME) employed oligonucleotide probes that incorporated a UVA-sensitive 3-cyanovinylcarbazole (CNVK), placed directly opposite interrogated pyrimidines, such as thymine (T) or cytosine (C) in wild-type (WT) DNA.

Clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic features of colorectal carcinomas with KRAS c.34G>T (p.G12C) mutation.

Evidence indicates that combinations of anti-EGFR antibodies and KRAS p.G12C (c.34G>T) inhibitors can be an effective treatment strategy for advanced colorectal cancer.

Mammalian SWI/SNF complex activity regulates POU2F3 and constitutes a targetable dependency in small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) are composed of heterogeneous subtypes marked by lineage-specific transcription factors, including ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3. POU2F3-positive SCLCs, ∼12% of all cases, are uniquely dependent on POU2F3 itself; as such, approaches to attenuate POU2F3 expression may represent new therapeutic opportunities. Here using genome-scale screens for regulators of POU2F3 expression and SCLC proliferation, we define mSWI/SNF complexes as top dependencies specific to POU2F3-positive SCLC.

Open Access Data and Deep Learning for Cardiac Device Identification on Standard DICOM and Smartphone-based Chest Radiographs.

Purpose To develop and evaluate a publicly available deep learning model for segmenting and classifying cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and smartphone-based chest radiographs. Materials and Methods This institutional review board-approved retrospective study included patients with implantable pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, and cardiac monitors who underwent chest radiography between January 2012 and January 2022. A U-Net model with a ResNet-50 backbone was created to classify CIEDs on DICOM and smartphone images.

RANO 2.0 criteria: concepts applicable to the neuroradiologist's clinical practice.

Purpose Of Review: The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) 2.0 criteria aim at improving the standardization and reliability of treatment response assessment in clinical trials studying central nervous system (CNS) gliomas. This review presents the evidence supporting RANO 2.

Historical Pathogen-Driven Selection May Contribute to Contemporary Ethnic Difference in Bladder Cancer Susceptibility.

Background: The rationale for ethnic differences in bladder cancer (BCa) susceptibility is an important open question. In this study, we raised the hypothesis that the APOBEC3-rs1014971 variant associated with BCa risk and APOBEC-mutagenesis probably contribute to ethnic differences.

Methods: We calculated the ethnicity-stratified 5-year age-adjusted incidence rates of BCa using the US SEER database.

Allogeneic B cell immunomodulatory therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an orphan neurodegenerative disease. Immune system dysregulation plays an essential role in ALS onset and progression. Our preclinical studies have shown that the administration of exogenous allogeneic B cells improves outcomes in murine models of skin and brain injury through a process termed pligodraxis, in which B cells adopt an immunoregulatory and neuroprotective phenotype in an injured environment.

In vivo imaging using surface enhanced spatially offset raman spectroscopy (SESORS): balancing sampling frequency to improve overall image acquisition.

In the field of optical imaging, the ability to image tumors at depth with high selectivity and specificity remains a challenge. Surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) nanoparticles (NPs) can be employed as image contrast agents to specifically target cells in vivo; however, this technique typically requires time-intensive point-by-point acquisition of Raman spectra. Here, we combine the use of "spatially offset Raman spectroscopy" (SORS) with that of SERRS in a technique known as "surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy" (SESORRS) to image deep-seated tumors in vivo.

A Neuroradiologist's Guide to Operationalizing the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Criteria Version 2.0 for Gliomas in Adults.

Radiographic assessment plays a crucial role in the management of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, aiding in treatment planning and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy by quantifying response. Recently, an updated version of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria (RANO 2.0) was developed to improve upon prior criteria and provide an updated, standardized framework for assessing treatment response in clinical trials for gliomas in adults.

Multiple myeloma incidence and mortality trends in the United States, 1999-2020.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder accounting for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies. There is limited epidemiological evidence regarding the long-term trends and disparities in MM in the US. We conducted a multiple time point cross-sectional study using MM incidence rate data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and mortality data from the CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Underlying Cause of Death database between 1999 and 2020.

A MOZ-TIF2 leukemia mouse model displays KAT6-dependent H3K23 propionylation and overexpression of a set of active developmental genes.

Aberrant regulation of chromatin modifiers is a common occurrence across many cancer types, and a key priority is to determine how specific alterations of these proteins, often enzymes, can be targeted therapeutically. MOZ, a histone acyltransferase, is recurrently fused to coactivators CBP, p300, and TIF2 in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using either pharmacological inhibition or targeted protein degradation in a mouse model for MOZ-TIF2-driven leukemia, we show that KAT6 (MOZ/MORF) enzymatic activity and the MOZ-TIF2 protein are necessary for indefinite proliferation in cell culture.

Second primary non-breast cancers in young breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: We evaluated the incidence, timing, and risk factors for second primary non-breast cancers (SPNBC) among young breast cancer (BC) survivors.

Methods: This study included participants of the Young Women's BC Study (YWS) who were diagnosed with stage 0-III BC between 2006 and 2016 and age 40 or younger at diagnosis (N = 1,230). Patient characteristics, treatment information, and clinical events were collected via serial surveys.

Nucleotide depletion promotes cell fate transitions by inducing DNA replication stress.

Control of cellular identity requires coordination of developmental programs with environmental factors such as nutrient availability, suggesting that perturbing metabolism can alter cell state. Here, we find that nucleotide depletion and DNA replication stress drive differentiation in human and murine normal and transformed hematopoietic systems, including patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia (AML) xenografts. These cell state transitions begin during S phase and are independent of ATR/ATM checkpoint signaling, double-stranded DNA break formation, and changes in cell cycle length.

AgRP neuron cis-regulatory analysis across hunger states reveals that IRF3 mediates leptin's acute effects.

AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) coordinate homeostatic changes in appetite associated with fluctuations in food availability and leptin signaling. Identifying the relevant transcriptional regulatory pathways in these neurons has been a priority, yet such attempts have been stymied due to their low abundance and the rich cellular diversity of the ARC. Here we generated AgRP neuron-specific transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiles from male mice during three distinct hunger states of satiety, fasting-induced hunger, and leptin-induced hunger suppression.

Prognostic impact of 'multi-hit' versus 'single-hit' TP53 alteration in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results from the Consortium on Myeloid Malignancies and Neoplastic Diseases.

While there is clear evidence to suggest poorer outcome associated with multi-hit (MH) TP53 mutation (TP53MT) compared to a single-hit (SH) mutation in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), data are conflicting in both higher-risk MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted an in-depth analysis utilizing data from ten US academic institutions to study differences in molecular characteristics and outcomes of SH (N=139) versus MH (N=243) TP53MT AML. Complex cytogenetics were more common in MH than in SH TP53MT AML (P<0.

On knowing a gene: A distributional hypothesis of gene function.

As words can have multiple meanings that depend on sentence context, genes can have various functions that depend on the surrounding biological system. This pleiotropic nature of gene function is limited by ontologies, which annotate gene functions without considering biological contexts. We contend that the gene function problem in genetics may be informed by recent technological leaps in natural language processing, in which representations of word semantics can be automatically learned from diverse language contexts.