Correction: Camptothecin-based prodrug nanomedicines for cancer therapy.

Correction for 'Camptothecin-based prodrug nanomedicines for cancer therapy' by Renshuai Zhang , , 2023, , 17658-17697, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR04147F.

Drug Development.

Background: Understanding the fundamental differences between the human and pre-human brain is a prerequisite for designing meaningful models and therapies for AD. Expressed CHRFAM7A, a human restricted gene with carrier frequency of 75% in the human population predicts profound translational significance.

Method: The physiological role of CHRFAM7A in human brain is explored using multiomics approach on 600 post mortem human brain tissue samples (ROSMAP).

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The risk of cognitive decline in cancer survivors may be increased by platinum-based chemotherapy. Evidence indicates that physical exercise has a potential to reduce chemotherapy-related toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess effects of a 6-month aerobic-strength training on cognitive functions, metabolic flexibility, anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) survivors, treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.

CRISPR/Cas System: A Powerful Strategy to Improve Monogenic Human Diseases as Therapeutic Delivery; Current Applications and Challenges.

The 5,000 to 8,000 monogenic diseases are inherited disorders leading to mutations in a single gene. These diseases usually appear in childhood and sometimes lead to morbidity or premature death. Although treatments for such diseases exist, gene therapy is considered an effective and targeted method and has been used in clinics for monogenic diseases since 1989.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cancer risk: A cohort study.

Background: Fatty liver disease may be associated with increased risks of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cancers. Our objective was to investigate associations between new subcategories of steatotic liver disease (SLD) recently proposed by nomenclature consensus group and cancer risk.

Methods: A total of 283 238 participants from the UK Biobank were included.

Trends and disparities in cardiovascular disease-related mortality among adults with myeloproliferative neoplasms in USA.

Aims: We aimed to perform a retrospective cohort study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database to analyse the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods And Results: We analysed the death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 for CVD with co-morbid myeloproliferative disorders in the US population. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed per 1 million population by standardizing crude mortality rates to the 2000 US census population.

LncRNA Promotes Bladder Uroepithelial Cancer Progression by Stabilizing DDX5.

Exploration of molecular markers is an ongoing focus in the field of bladder cancer research. Based on data from public databases, was identified as upregulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA); however, its exact function and regulatory mechanism in this context remain unclear. To investigate the clinical implications of , we examined its levels in 90 BLCA and adjoining normal tissue samples.

The Clinical Prediction Value of the Ubiquitination Model Reflecting the Microenvironment Infiltration and Drug Sensitivity in Breast Cancer.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system influences cancer progression through multiple mechanisms. Due to the extensive proteasomal modifications observed in cancer tissues, ubiquitination is closely related to various biological functions with cancer. However, the roles of ubiquitin-related genes (UbRGs) in breast cancer (BC) have not been thoroughly investigated.

PRMT5-Mediated ALKBH5 Methylation Promotes Colorectal Cancer Immune Evasion via Increasing CD276 Expression.

Numerous diseases have been connected to protein arginine methylations mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Clinical investigations of the PRMT5-specific inhibitor GSK3326595 are currently being conducted, and the results are promising for preventing cancers. However, the detailed mechanism of PRMT5 promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) malignant progression remains unclear.

Examining Lung Cancer Screening Uptake in the United States: Recent Research and Limitations of Public-Use Data.

Eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening (LCS) were updated by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in 2022 following an updated recommendation from the United States Preventive Services Task Force. Recently, research has examined LCS use in the United States following this change, which centered on lowering the age to begin screening from 55 to 50 years and the smoking history threshold from 30 to 20 pack-years. These studies, including the accompanying article from Gudina and colleagues, have used the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System data, which are publicly available and nationally representative.

ONC213: a novel strategy to resensitize resistant AML cells to venetoclax through induction of mitochondrial stress.

Background: Venetoclax + azacitidine is a frontline treatment for older adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and a salvage therapy for relapsed/refractory patients who have been treated with intensive chemotherapy. While this is an important treatment option, many patients fail to achieve complete remission and of those that do, majority relapse. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are believed to be responsible for AML relapse and can be targeted through oxidative phosphorylation reduction.

Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process.

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors in adults and occur 3-10 times more frequently than primary brain tumors. Despite intensive multimodal therapies, including resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, BMs are associated with poor prognosis and remain challenging to treat. BMs predominantly originate from primary lung (20-56%), breast (5-20%), and melanoma (7-16%) tumors, although they can arise from other cancer types less frequently.

Sexual dimorphism in lung transcriptomic adaptations in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Current fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) studies primarily focus on alcohol's actions on the fetal brain although respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity/mortality in newborns. The limited studies examining the pulmonary adaptations in FASD demonstrate decreased surfactant protein A and alveolar macrophage phagocytosis, impaired differentiation, and increased risk of Group B streptococcal pneumonia with no study examining sexual dimorphism in adaptations. We hypothesized that developmental alcohol exposure in pregnancy will lead to sexually dimorphic fetal lung morphological and immune adaptations.

Intra-tumoral sphingobacterium multivorum promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by suppressing tumor immunosurveillance.

Background: Intratumor-resident bacteria represent an integral component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Microbial dysbiosis, which refers to an imbalance in the bacterial composition and bacterial metabolic activities, plays an important role in regulating breast cancer development and progression. However, the impact of specific intratumor-resident bacteria on tumor progression and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Development of a prognostic nomogram and risk stratification system for elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing definitive radiotherapy: a multicenter retrospective analysis (3JECROG R-03 A).

Background: Our goal is to develop a nomogram model to predict overall survival (OS) for elderly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients receiving definitive radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), aiding clinicians in personalized treatment planning with a risk stratification system.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 718 elderly ESCC patients treated with RT or CRT at 10 medical centers (3JECROG) from January 2004 to November 2016. We identified independent prognostic factors using univariate and multifactorial Cox regression to construct a nomogram model.

Association of remote work with tobacco and alcohol use: a cross-sectional study in Japan.

Background: Remote work allows one to work free from workplace policy, but it may negatively affect health-related behaviors such as tobacco product use and alcohol drinking. Our study aimed to investigate the association of remote work with tobacco dependence and hazardous alcohol use.

Methods: This nationwide Internet-based survey was conducted in Japan in February 2023.

Postdiagnostic use of antihypertensive medications and survival in colorectal, lung, corpus uteri, melanoma and kidney cancer patients with hypertension.

Background: Arterial hypertension is one of the most frequent comorbidities in patients with cancer. Studies have indicated that drugs used to control hypertension may alter cancer patient survival; however, epidemiological findings for their impact on cancer survival remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the consumption of antihypertensive (AH) medication on the risk of death in cancer patients.

Comparative study between high and low dose methylene blue infusion in septic cancer patients: a randomized, blinded, controlled study.

Purpose: Septic shock is a common threat, and is the primary cause of death in almost all critical care units. Mortality of septic shock remains exceedingly high. The early use of methylene blue (MB) in different doses as adjunctive to vasopressors has promising results.

Evaluation of clinical risk stratification to determine benefit from long-term versus short-term androgen deprivation in high-risk localized prostate cancer.

Background: Patients treated with RT and long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ltADT) for high-risk localized prostate cancer (HRLPC) with 1 high-risk factor (any of Gleason ≥8, PSA > 20 ng/mL, ≥cT3; "high-risk") have better outcomes than those with 2-3 factors and/or cN1 disease ("very high risk"). We evaluated whether this risk stratification could determine benefit from ltADT versus short-term (stADT).

Methods: The Intermediate Clinical Endpoints in Cancer of the Prostate (ICECaP) repository of randomized trials was queried to identify eligible patients and trials.

Gallbladder-derived retinoic acid signalling drives reconstruction of the damaged intrahepatic biliary ducts.

Severe damage to the intrahepatic biliary duct (IHBD) network occurs in multiple human advanced cholangiopathies, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary atresia and end-stage primary biliary cholangitis. Whether and how a severely damaged IHBD network could reconstruct has remained unclear. Here we show that, although the gallbladder is not directly connected to the IHBD, there is a common hepatic duct (CHD) in between, and severe damage to the IHBD network induces migration of gallbladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to coat the CHD in mouse and zebrafish models.

Chromosome mis-segregation triggers cell cycle arrest through a mechanosensitive nuclear envelope checkpoint.

Errors during cell division lead to aneuploidy, which is associated with genomic instability and cell transformation. In response to aneuploidy, cells activate the tumour suppressor p53 to elicit a surveillance mechanism that halts proliferation and promotes senescence. The molecular sensors that trigger this checkpoint are unclear.