Carbon-based nanozymes for cancer therapy and diagnosis: A review.

Carbon-based nanozymes (CNs) have emerged as a significant innovation in targeted cancer therapy, demonstrating great potential for advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment. With exceptional catalytic properties, remarkable biocompatibility, and the ability to precisely target cancer cells, CNs provide a promising avenue for the development of novel oncological therapies. By functionalizing their surfaces with targeting ligands, such as antibodies or peptides, CNs can specifically recognize and bind to cancer cells.

Promising breakthroughs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis treatment through nanotechnology's unexplored frontier.

This review explores the transformative potential of nanotechnology in the treatment and diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron degeneration, muscle weakness, and eventual paralysis. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions across various domains, including targeted drug delivery, neuroprotection, gene therapy and editing, biomarker detection, advanced imaging techniques, and tissue engineering. By enhancing the precision and efficacy of therapeutic interventions, nanotechnology facilitates key advancements such as crossing the blood-brain barrier, targeting specific cell types, achieving sustained therapeutic release, and enabling combination therapies tailored to the complex pathophysiology of ALS.

MXenes and artificial intelligence: fostering advancements in synthesis techniques and breakthroughs in applications.

This review explores the synergistic relationship between MXenes and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting recent advancements in predicting and optimizing the properties, synthesis routes, and diverse applications of MXenes and their composites. MXenes possess fascinating characteristics that position them as promising candidates for a variety of technological applications, including energy storage, sensors/detectors, actuators, catalysis, and neuromorphic systems. The integration of AI methodologies provides a robust toolkit to tackle the complexities inherent in MXene research, facilitating property predictions and innovative applications.

Magnetic carrageenan gum-grafted-polyacrylamide nanocomposite for uptake of cationic dyes from the aquatic systems.

Using an ex-situ growth approach, this research fabricated k Carrageenan/Polyacrylamide@magnetite nanocomposites (NCs), (k-Car/PAM@Magnetite NCs). The k-Carrageenan (k-Car) backbone was modified through graft polymerization of acrylamide (PAm) via radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator. N'-N' methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) was used as the cross-linking agent, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were incorporated to impart magnetic properties.

Synthesis and utilization of mixed-metal (Zn/Cd) metal-organic frameworks for ultra-trace determination of diazinon and ethion via ion mobility spectrometry.

A novel mixed-metal (Zn/Cd) metal-organic framework-based dispersive solid-phase microextraction (MM-MOFs-DSPME) method was developed for the efficient extraction of organophosphorus pesticides, diazinon and ethion, from various environmental matrices. The detection of the extracted analytes was performed using ion mobility spectrometry. The synthesized mixed-metal (Zn/Cd) MOF was characterized using a comprehensive array of analytical techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential measurement.

Feasibility of Early 68 Ga-FAP-2286 PET Imaging: A Case Study.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has emerged as a promising molecular target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Previous research, including our own study and other published reports, has highlighted the potential of FAP inhibitors labeled with 68 Ga as effective diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of early and late PET/CT scans, using 68 Ga-FAP-2286, for the detection of tumor lesions in a patient with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma.

Arabic gum-grafted-polyaniline@MnFeO/UIO66-NH bionanocomposite as adsorbent for quercetin antioxidant: Efficiency, kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherm modelling.

Quercetin is one of the most powerful antioxidants in nature and a major dietary flavonoid, so its efficient recovery by nanoadsorbents can be valuable for human health. In this study, the nanocomposite Arabic gum-grafted-polyaniline@MnFeO/UIO66-NH (AG-g-PANI@MnFeO/UIO66-NH) was synthesized by in situ copolymerization. The physicochemical and structural properties of the AG-g-PANI@MnFeO/UIO66-NH nanocomposite were examined using various methods, including XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, EDX, VSM, TGA, and BET.

Investigating the influence of estrous cycle-dependent hormonal changes on neurogenesis in adult mice.

Objective: Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain. Sex hormones play an essential role in the development of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurogenic changes in the brain at different phases of the estrous cycle in adult mice.

The Effect of Internal and external imagery on learning badminton long serve skill: The role of visual and audiovisual imagery.

This study aimed to examine the impact of internal and external audiovisual imagery on the learning of the badminton long serve skill. A lot of 42 right-handed novice women were selected using availability sampling. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their scores from the visual imagery ability questionnaire and Bucknell auditory questionnaire: Visual-Internal imagery, Visual-External imagery, AudioVisual-Internal imagery and AudioVisual-External imagery groups.

New method to induce neurotrophin gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells .

Rosemary leaf extract, a well-known medicinal plant, can induce neurotrophin gene expression and proliferation in stem cells. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with high proliferation and differentiation capacity are easily accessible and can be extracted with the least damage. This study evaluated the effect of rosemary extract (RE) on neurotrophin gene expression at 48 h postinduction in hASCs.

Ecological, genetic and geographical divergence explain differences in colouration among sunbird species (Nectariniidae).

How extravagant ornamental traits evolve is a key question in evolutionary biology. Bird plumages are among the most elaborate ornaments, displaying almost all colours of the rainbow. Why and how birds evolved to be so colourful remains an open question with multiple and sometimes competing hypotheses.

Antilisterial and antioxidant exopolysaccharide from Enterococcus faecium PCH.25 isolated from cow butter: characterization and probiotic potential.

Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria have gained attention for their potential health benefits and applications in functional foods. This study explores the isolation and characterization of a novel exopolysaccharide-producing strain from dairy products. The aim was to evaluate its probiotic potential and investigate the properties of the produced exopolysaccharide.

The Impact of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (LV-HIIT) on Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Background: Prevention and reduction of liver fat accumulation and maintenance of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) have been proposed as important therapeutic goals in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (LV-HIIT) on fatty liver index (FLI) and GFR estimation in patients with T2DM.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 80 patients with T2DM and a sedentary lifestyle, randomly divided into HIIT (n=40) and a control group (n=40).

Feasibility and therapeutic potential of [Lu]Lu-FAPI-2286 in patients with advanced metastatic sarcoma.

Introduction: The unique expression pattern of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in stromal and tumor cells, particularly in sarcomas, and its absence in normal tissues, have positioned it as a promising theragnostic approach for the detection and treatment of various cancer types. The objective of this prospective study is to assess the feasibility, safety, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of [Lu]Lu-FAPI-2286 in patients with advanced metastatic sarcoma.

Patients And Methods: Eight patients with advanced metastatic sarcoma, who were unresectable or had experienced disease recurrence following conventional treatments, underwent PTRT (peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy) using [Lu]Lu-FAPI-2286.

Predicting climate change impacts on the distribution of endemic fish in the Arabian Peninsula.

Freshwater fishes are facing considerable threats in the Arabian Peninsula which is considered as a highly stressed region in the Middle East. It is predicted that northern Oman is likely to face decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature in coming decades. In this study, we focused on an endemic cyprinid fish , as a model to investigate impacts of climate change on the mountain fishes inhibiting in this arid region.

Bioengineered Abiotic Nanomaterials Through Cell Membrane-Camouflaging: Advancements and Challenges in Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Bridging the gap between the chemical and cellular understanding of cell-decorated biomimetic nanocomposites and their clinical translation is crucial for developing effective therapies. Nanocomposites show promise in targeted drug delivery and diagnostics, but their clinical application is hindered by biocompatibility and clearance issues.

Hypoxia-Preconditioned BMSC-Derived Exosomes Induce Mitophagy via the BNIP3-ANAX2 Axis to Alleviate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a chronic degenerative disease involving the aging and loss of proliferative capacity of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), processes heavily dependent on mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux. This study finds that the absence of BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is associated with senescence-related NPC degeneration, disrupting mitochondrial quality control. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have multidirectional differentiation potential and produce extracellular vesicles containing cellular activators.

Lovastatin Combination Therapy Increases the Survival and Proliferation of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against the Inflammatory Activity of Lipopolysaccharide.

Oxidative stress hurts the survival of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning inhibits apoptotic death in MSCs. Also, Lovastatin's protective effect was reported on MSCs.

Materials Containing Single-, Di-, Tri-, and Multi-Metal Atoms Bonded to C, N, S, P, B, and O Species as Advanced Catalysts for Energy, Sensor, and Biomedical Applications.

Modifying the coordination or local environments of single-, di-, tri-, and multi-metal atom (SMA/DMA/TMA/MMA)-based materials is one of the best strategies for increasing the catalytic activities, selectivity, and long-term durability of these materials. Advanced sheet materials supported by metal atom-based materials have become a critical topic in the fields of renewable energy conversion systems, storage devices, sensors, and biomedicine owing to the maximum atom utilization efficiency, precisely located metal centers, specific electron configurations, unique reactivity, and precise chemical tunability. Several sheet materials offer excellent support for metal atom-based materials and are attractive for applications in energy, sensors, and medical research, such as in oxygen reduction, oxygen production, hydrogen generation, fuel production, selective chemical detection, and enzymatic reactions.

The effect of vitamin E on ethanol-induced liver damage in rats.

Ethanol can have harmful effects on the development of the embryos. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on changes in liver tissue damaged by ethanol in rats. Rats were divided into 11 groups, control, naive, sunflower oil (oil), ethanol, vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), ethanol + vitamin E (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and oily ethanol.

Remediation of Safranin-O and acid fuchsin by using TiC MXene /rGo-CuO nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.

In recent years, MXene has become one of the most intriguing two-dimensional layered (2Dl) materials extensively explored for various applications. In this study, a TiC MXene/rGo-CuO Nanocomposite (TGCNCs) was developed to eliminate Safranin-O effectively (SO) and Acid Fuchsin (AF) as cationic dyes from the aquatic environment. Multistep was involved in the preparation of the adsorbent system, including the Preparation of TiC, after that, GO synthesis by the Humer method, followed by rGO production, then added CuSO to obtain a final Nanocomposite (NCs) called "TGCNCs".

Prolonged stress alters the PC1/PC2 ratio in the rat lateral hypothalamus, implicating impaired orexin maturation.

Objectives: Stress elicits physiological and neuroendocrine responses mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and lateral hypothalamus (LH). However, prolonged stress can dysregulate neuropeptide systems like orexin. This study investigated the effects of temporary and prolonged stress on HPA activity and orexin processing in the rat LH.