Giant substernal goiter with chylothorax.

A 60-year-old woman presented with a huge goiter extending from the lower jaw to the diaphragm. Right pleurocentesis produced chylous fluid. A cervicothoracic incision was used to totally excise the substernal goiter, with near-total excision of the cervical goiter, and repair of the lymphatic leakage.

Surgical management of cardiac echinococcosis. Report of four cases.

Four patients with echinococcosis of the heart are presented. The diagnosis was suspected or established before operation by serology, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. The sites affected were the right and left atria, left ventricular apex and interventricular septum.