Effectiveness and safety of semaglutide in overweight/obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The objective of the study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The study, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450979), was designed as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using a combination of subject matter and free words, a comprehensive search of Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials of semaglutide in overweight or obese adults with or without Type 2 diabetes mellitus from January 1, 2020, to July 14, 2023.

Causal relationship between the composition of the Gut Microbiota and central precocious puberty: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Previous observational research has demonstrated a possible association between the gut microbiota (GM) and central precocious puberty (CPP). Nevertheless, whether there is a causal relationship between the GM and CPP is uncertain due to the possibility of confounding factors influencing the result.

Methods: We collected summary data from genome-wide association studies of the GM (MiBioGen,  = 18,340) and CPP (FinnGen Consortium, 185 case groups and 395,289 controls).

[Factors affecting differentiation between and snails among schistosomiasis control professionals in Yunnan Province].

Objective: To investigate the capability for distinguishing between the morphology of and snails and its influencing factors among schistosomiasis control professionals in Yunnan Province, so as to evaluate the interference of snails with surveys.

Methods: and snails were sampled from 9 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts) in Yunnan Province. The capability for distinguishing between and snails was evaluated using online questionnaire surveys and field blind tests among schistosomiasis control professionals, and the proportions of correct judgment, misjudgment and missed judgment were calculated.

Atorvastatin calcium alleviates UVB-induced HaCat cell senescence and skin photoaging.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) has been shown to contribute to the aging of human skin cells. Previous research has demonstrated that atorvastatin calcium (Ato) can mitigate the aging effects caused by chemotherapy drugs. However, it remains unclear whether Ato can alleviate skin aging induced by ultraviolet radiation.

Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and molecular subtype analysis associated with m6A in Tuberculosis immunopathology using machine learning.

Tuberculosis (TB), ranking just below COVID-19 in global mortality, is a highly complex infectious disease involving intricate immunological molecules, diverse signaling pathways, and multifaceted immune processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a critical epigenetic modification, regulates various immune-metabolic and pathological pathways, though its precise role in TB pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. This study aims to identify m6A-associated genes implicated in TB, elucidate their mechanistic contributions, and evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and tools for molecular subtyping.

Effect of Resveratrol on the intestinal microbiota in Type2 diabetes Mellitus mice.

Some natural products have been found to have a positive effect on the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The effective mechanism by which these natural products work may be attributed to their ability to alter the gut microbiome. In this study, considering the beneficial properties of resveratrol for T2DM, the mechanism of resveratrol in releasing of T2DM, the correlation between the apparent traits of resveratrol in T2DM mice and the changes in intestinal flora structure were explored.

From Root to Seed: Unearthing the Potential of Carrot Processing and Comprehensive Utilization.

Carrots, a globally cultivated root vegetable crop, are renowned for their nutritional and functional properties. However, the deep utilization and development of carrots and their derived products are limited in numerous countries, with a particular deficiency in advanced deep-processing and transformation technologies. Consequently, the value of carrot products is diminished and resources are wasted.

(Microthyriaceae, Microthyriales), a new lignicolous freshwater fungi from a plateau lake in Yunnan Province, China.

Background: Based on unique morphological features and phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequences, is established as the third species in , along with and . All three species of were reported from freshwater habitats in China.

New Information: sp.

A new species of the genus (Basidiomycota, Boletales) found in the Hengduan Mountains of China.

Background: During surveys of hypogeous fungi in the Hengduan Mountains, south-western China, three specimens of the genus were discovered in Sichuan Province.

New Information: Morphological and molecular analyses revealed that the collections represent a new species, . This article describes the new species and discusses its relationship with the other two members of the genus.

Molecular dynamic simulations to explore the broad-spectrum activity of the inhibitor PF-07321332 against human coronavirus.

The main protease (M) stands as a pivotal enzyme crucial for coronavirus replication, thus serving as a prime target for coronavirus drug discovery endeavors. Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), an antiviral compound developed by Pfizer, has been engineered to selectively inhibit the M of SARS-CoV-2 by directly binding to its catalytic cysteine residue (Cys145). In a bid to scrutinize the expansive inhibitory spectrum of PF-07321332 against a gamut of human pathogenic coronaviruses, we undertook an exhaustive investigation leveraging molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with binding free energy (BFE) calculations.

Reducing Stigma in Chinese Women Living With HIV/AIDS: Mixed Methods Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Background: Perceived stigma significantly impedes access to public health resources for women living with HIV/AIDS, highlighting the crucial need for interventions to empower individuals to overcome such barriers.

Objectives: This paper outlines the protocol for a pilot study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the Helping Overcome PErceived Stigma (HOPES) intervention employing the mixed methods-grounded in narrative transportation-theory in reducing perceived stigma among women living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods: A total of 100 women living with HIV/AIDS will be randomized into two groups: the HOPES group and the control group.

U-shape-based network for left ventricular segmentation in echocardiograms with contrastive pretraining.

Cardiovascular diseases, characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates, are a collective term for disorders affecting the heart's structure or function. In clinical practice, physicians often manually delineate the left ventricular border on echocardiograms to obtain critical physiological parameters such as left ventricular volume and ejection fraction, which are essential for accurate cardiac function assessment. However, most state-of-the-art models focus excessively on pushing the boundaries of segmentation accuracy at the expense of computational complexity, overlooking the substantial demand for high-performance computing resources required for model inference in clinical applications.

Molecular mechanisms of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) toxicity: Insights from various biological systems.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a ubiquitous brominated flame retardant extensively incorporated into a wide range of products. As its utilization has escalated, its environmental exposure risks have concomitantly increased. The molecular properties of TBBPA allow it to persist in the environment and within organisms.

Convergent evolution of berberine biosynthesis.

Berberine is an effective antimicrobial and antidiabetic alkaloid, primarily extracted from divergent botanical lineages, specifically (Ranunculales, early-diverging eudicot) and (Sapindales, core eudicot). In comparison with its known pathway in species, its biosynthesis in species remains elusive. Using chromosome-level genome assembly, coexpression matrix, and biochemical assays, we identified six key steps in berberine biosynthesis from , including methylation, hydroxylation, and berberine bridge formation.

The first record of the genus Kawanabe, 1994 (Coleoptera, Ciidae) from China, with the description of a new species and its larva.

The genus Kawanabe, 1994 is newly recorded from China, and a new species, and its larva, is described and illustrated from Guangdong Province. We provide habitat and host fungi photos of the new species and a key to all described species of the genus.

The first complete mitochondrial genome of (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) and phylogenetic analysis.

In order to understand the molecular insights within the Terebellida, the complete mitochondrial genome of Loimia arborea was sequenced. The mitochondrial genome is 16,023 bp, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 23 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a non-coding region (D-loop). Notably, two adjacent copies of methionine tRNA genes (trnMs) were detected.

[Protective effect of astaxanthin on acute liver injury induced by α-amanitin in mice].

To explore the protective effect of astaxanthin on acute liver injury induced by α-amanitin in mice. In June 2023, 42 healthy SPF male Kunming mice were selected. The mice were divided into blank control group, model (0.

Improved and Interpretable Prediction of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism by Molecule-Level Graph Modeling and Subgraph Information Bottlenecks.

Accurately identifying sites of metabolism (SoM) mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are responsible for drug metabolism in the body, is critical in the early stage of drug discovery and development. Current computational methods for CYP-mediated SoM prediction face several challenges, including limitations to traditional machine learning models at the atomic level, heavy reliance on complex feature engineering, and the lack of interpretability relevant to medicinal chemistry. Here, we propose GraphCySoM, a novel molecule-level modeling approach based on graph neural networks, utilizing lightweight features and interpretable annotations on substructures, to effectively and interpretably predict CYP-mediated SoM.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative -Acetyldopamine Dimers from Adult Smith.

One undescribed fatty glyceride (), two unreported -acetyldopamine dimers ( and ), and four known structurally diverse -acetyldopamine dimers were isolated from adult Smith. Their structures were elucidated based on a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, HRESIMS, and NMR calculations with ML_J_DP4, and the absolute configurations of and were determined via ECD calculations. Regarding their bioactivities, compounds and can inhibit the production of NO.

Connexin 43 Deficiency Confers Resistance to Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer via Inhibition of the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes Pathway.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially PD-1 inhibitors, are among the first-line therapeutic drugs for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most patients are not sensitive to PD-1 inhibitors, and prolonged exposure can lead to acquired resistance. Thus, it is urgent to elucidate the mechanism underlying the resistance of NSCLC to ICIs.