Disclosing sample bias fails to fully correct judgments of partisan extremity.

How do we infer the beliefs of an entire group (e.g., Democrats) after being exposed to the beliefs of only a handful of group members? What if we know that the beliefs we encountered were selected in a biased manner? Across two experiments, we recruited 640 U.

Optimizing Virtual Follow-Up Care: Realist Evaluation of Experiences and Perspectives of Patients With Breast and Prostate Cancer.

Background: Virtual follow-up (VFU) has the potential to enhance cancer survivorship care. However, a greater understanding is needed of how VFU can be optimized.

Objective: This study aims to examine how, for whom, and in what contexts VFU works for cancer survivorship care.

Adopting the human factors analysis and classification system into emergency medicine morbidity and mortality rounds: a quality improvement initiative.

Objectives: This initiative assessed the integration of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, adapted from aviation, into emergency medicine morbidity and mortality rounds. The objective was to determine whether incorporating the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System could lead to a perceived increase in the overall quality of morbidity and mortality presentations through the standardization of classifying cause factors of medical errors.

Methods: This study involved eight emergency medicine residents who applied the adapted Human Factors Analysis and Classification System framework to their morbidity and mortality case presentations over 6 months.

Profiling lateral gene transfer events in the human microbiome using WAAFLE.

Lateral gene transfer (LGT), also known as horizontal gene transfer, facilitates genomic diversification in microbial populations. While previous work has surveyed LGT in human-associated microbial isolate genomes, the landscape of LGT arising in personal microbiomes is not well understood, as there are no widely adopted methods to characterize LGT from complex communities. Here we developed, benchmarked and validated a computational algorithm (WAAFLE or Workflow to Annotate Assemblies and Find LGT Events) to profile LGT from assembled metagenomes.

Atomic-scale understanding of oxide growth and dissolution kinetics of Ni-Cr alloys.

Aqueous corrosion of metals is governed by formation and dissolution of a passivating, multi-component surface oxide. Unfortunately, a detailed atomistic description is challenging due to the compositional complexity and the need to consider multiple kinetic factors simultaneously. To this end, we combine experiments with a first-principles-derived, multiscale computational framework that transcends thermodynamic descriptions to explicitly simulate the kinetic evolution of surface oxides of Ni-Cr alloys as a function of composition, temperature, pH, and applied voltage.

Outcomes of Standard-Risk Multiple Myeloma Patients Who Undergo Upfront Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) without high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities are classified as having standard-risk MM (SRMM), and data focusing on their outcomes after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) are limited. To evaluate survival outcomes for patients with SRMM receiving autoHCT, and to elucidate factors that impact these outcomes. Single-center retrospective analysis that included consecutive MM patients who received upfront autoHCT between 2013 and 2021, had available cytogenetic information and had no high-risk chromosomal abnormalities on fluorescence in situ hybridization, defined as t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p) or 1q21 gain or amplification.

Multicolor Cell Lineage Tracing Using MAGIC Markers Strategies.

Multicolor MAGIC Markers strategies are useful lineage tracing tools to study brain development at a multicellular scale. In this chapter, we describe an in utero electroporation method to simultaneously label multiple neighboring progenitors and their respective progeny using these multicolor reporters. In utero electroporation enables the introduction of any gene of interest into embryonic neural progenitors lining the brain ventricles through a simple pipeline consisting of a micro-injection followed by the application of electrical pulses.

Intra- and interobserver agreement in evaluation of image-defined risk factors on computed tomography in pediatric neuroblastoma.

Background: Image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) were introduced to provide a consensus approach for pre-treatment risk stratification on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with neuroblastoma.

Objective: To assess the intra- and inter-reader agreement of radiologists in identifying IDRFs on CT.

Materials And Methods: Approval for this retrospective study was granted by our institutional research ethics board with a waiver of consent.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent cardiovascular disease in a period of rising diagnoses: Cohort study.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease; however, it is unclear what impact changes in screening and diagnostic criteria have had on the association of GDM with long-term outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between GDM and subsequent cardiovascular disease during a period of rising gestational diabetes diagnosis in England. Specifically, associations were compared before and after 2008, when national guidelines supporting risk factor-based screening were introduced.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Canadians living with and without cardiovascular disease.

Background: To describe and compare the proportion of adult Canadians living with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) meeting the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) recommendations from the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines using accelerometer and self-reported measures.

Methods: Using adult (aged 18-79 years) accelerometer data (Actical worn during waking hours for 7 consecutive days) as well as chronic condition, socio-demographic, recreational screen time, and PA questions from three combined cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey, the PA, SB, and CVD risk factors of adults living with and without CVD were compared.

Results: A total of 7,035 Canadian adults who reported living with (n=363) and without (n=6,672) CVD were included.

Discrete event simulation model of an acute stroke treatment process at a comprehensive stroke center: Determining the ideal improvement strategies for reducing treatment times.

Background: Fast treatment is crucial for ischemic stroke patients; the probability of good patient outcomes increases with faster treatment. Treatment times can be improved by making changes to the treatment process. However, it is challenging to identify the benefits of changes prior to implementation.

Hypothalamic SIRT1-mediated regulation of the hormonal trigger of ovulation and its repression in energy deficit.

Female reproduction is highly sensitive to body energy stores; persistent energy deficit, as seen in anorexia or strenuous exercise, is known to suppress ovulation via ill-defined mechanisms. We report herein that hypothalamic SIRT1, a key component of the epigenetic machinery that links nutritional status and puberty onset via modulation of Kiss1, plays a critical role in the control of the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins, i.e.

Low-grade hemodilution improves the microcirculatory function in surgical patients.

Background: Excess fluid in the interstitium can adversely affect the microcirculation. We studied how gradual dilution of the blood plasma by crystalloid fluid influences microcirculatory variables and capillary filtration in 20 patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: Video recordings of the sublingual mucosal were made on four occasions during the surgery and compared with quasi-measurements of the capillary filtration rate using retrospective volume kinetic data collected over 5-10-minute periods during 262 infusion experiments with crystalloid fluid.

Pharmacists' perceptions of the impact of Objective Structured Clinical Examination on professional development and competence: a cross-sectional study in Qatar.

Objectives: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a key tool in healthcare education, assessing clinical skills and competencies. This study explores OSCE's impact on pharmacists' competence, confidence, and practice readiness, focusing on its role in professional development and long-term practice improvement.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Qatar University pharmacy graduates with at least a year of practice experience.

Primary healthcare provider-perceived barriers to implementing an evidence-based pathway for undifferentiated lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms: A qualitative inquiry.

Background: Primary healthcare providers play a critical role in diagnosing and managing digestive disorders. Standardized clinical care guidelines have been developed, but with limited and inconsistent implementation. An evidence-based gastroenterology clinical care pathway (GUTLINK) has been proposed in one region of Canada; however, little is known in the medical literature about potential barriers to pathway implementation within primary care.

The caterpillar Manduca sexta brain shows changes in gene expression and protein abundance correlating with parasitic manipulation of behaviour.

The parasitic wasp, Cotesia congregata, manipulates the behaviour of its host, the caterpillar Manduca sexta. The female wasp injects her eggs and a symbiotic virus (i.e.

0.5T MRI as a competitor to CT for sinus imaging.

The goal of this study was to determine how radiologists' rating of image quality when using 0.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compares to Computed Tomography (CT) for visualization of pathology and evaluation of specific anatomic regions within the paranasal sinuses. 42 patients with clinical CT scans opted to have a 0.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy.

Food allergy is defined as an adverse immunologic response to a food. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to foods are associated with a broad range of signs and symptoms that may involve any of the following body systems: the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and cardiovascular system. IgE-mediated food allergy is a leading cause of anaphylaxis.

Assessment and management of frailty in individuals living with dementia: expert recommendations for clinical practice.

Frailty complicates the care of individuals with dementia, increasing their vulnerability to adverse outcomes. This Personal View presents expert recommendations for managing frailty in individuals with dementia, aimed at health-care providers, particularly those in primary care. We conducted a rapid literature review followed by a consensus process involving 18 international experts on dementia and frailty.

Deprescribing Cardiovascular Medications in Older Adults Living with Frailty.

Certain medications have shown significant effectiveness in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality, leading them to be among those that are prescribed most commonly for Canadian seniors. However, polypharmacy, which disproportionately affects older adults, is particularly concerning for frail individuals who are at higher risk for adverse medication-related events. The deprescribing process is the discontinuation, either immediate or gradual, of inappropriate medications, to address polypharmacy and improve outcomes.

What Outcomes Are Associated with Learning About Colonialism and Its Impacts on Indigenous Peoples in Health Professional Programs? A Critical Integrative Review.

Background: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada called upon health professional programs to teach about historical and on-going colonalism. Since these calls to action, there has been an increase in educational opportunities on the topic. Although it is generally assumed that learning about colonialism will reduce racism and improve allyship towards Indigenous Peoples, an evaluation of this assumption is needed.

Canadian Highly Sensitized Patient Program Report: A 1000 Kidney Transplants Story.

Purpose: Highly sensitized patients (HSPs) with kidney failure have limited access to kidney transplantation and poorer post-transplant outcomes. Prioritizing HSPs in kidney allocation systems and expanding the pool of deceased donors available to them has helped to reduce their wait times for transplant and enhanced post-transplant outcomes. The Canadian HSP Program was established by Canadian Blood Services in collaboration with provincial organ donation and transplantation programs throughout the country to increase transplant opportunities for transplant candidates needing very specific matches from deceased kidney donors.