Assessment of the Performance of the Dose Calibrator Used in Radioactivity Measurement.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the principal technical characteristics of a well-type gas-filled ionization chamber dose calibrator used in measuring radiopharmaceutical activity, namely accuracy, repeatability, and linearity. Furthermore, this work also explored the correlation between the device's response and the position and volume of the radiopharmaceutical I-131.

Materials And Methods: Experimental measurements were conducted on the ATOMLAB 500 dose calibrator using NIST traceable Cs-137 source to determine the accuracy and repeatability.

An efficient and simple method for enriching metaphase cells for dicentric chromosome assay.

As compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture, a lower mitotic index (MI) is seen in whole blood (WB) culture, but WB can be directly used for culture in dicentric chromosome assay (DCA). The purpose of this study is to develop a simple protocol for metaphase enrichment to improve the metaphase frequency of WB culture. Fixed cells were obtained after performing WB and PBMC cultures for DCA after conventional fixation.

Assessment of the level and risk of radioactive hazards in coastal sediments in northern Vietnam.

Radioactivity in coastal sediments in northern Vietnam was examined using data from five sediment cores to assess radioactivity concentrations and radiation risk indices. Radiation risk indices included radium equivalent activity (Ra), the absorbed dose rate (ADR), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), the activity utilization index (AUI), the external hazard index (H), the representative level gamma index (I), and the annual gonadal effective dose rate (AGDE). The radioactivity concentrations of K, Th, Ra, U, and Cs were 567, 56.

Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on L., Soil Microbiota, and Human Health Risks: Impact of Exposure Routes.

Nanoparticles, due to their extensive production and application, can have significant consequences for the environment, including soil and plant pollution. Therefore, it is very important to assess how nanoparticles will affect plants depending on the exposure pathways. The effect of gold nanoparticles in a concentration range of 1-100 mg/L on L.

Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk) under flooded and unflooded conditions in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk) in Hanoi, Vietnam have been investigated using a low background gamma spectrometer with an HPGe detector (Model-GC5019). Twenty pairs of soil and water spinach samples in two environmental conditions, i.e.

Simulation dataset of thermal and epithermal neutron self-shielding correction factors for 186W(n,γ)187W reaction rate experiments using tungsten foil targets.

In the experiments of neutron interaction with research samples, the incident neutron energy spectrum, distribution inside the irradiating sample volume, is affected by the unexpected neutron self-shielding effects. The nature of these effects is due to the formation and thickness of the irradiating sample, which significantly causes neutron self-absorption and multiple scattering inside the sample volume. The datasets presented in this article showed the thermal (G) and epithermal (G) neutron self-shielding correction factors for the W(n,γ)W neutron capture reaction rate in irradiating tungsten (W) foil samples with different thicknesses.

Sm-labeled FeO@lapatinib nanoparticles as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer: synthesis, quality control, and evaluation.

The present study introduces FeO-coated lapatinib-labeled Sm nanoparticles (denoted as FeO@lapatinib-Sm) as a promising avenue for advancing breast cancer treatment. The radiolabeled nanoparticles combine various attributes, offering enhanced therapeutic precision. The integration of lapatinib confers therapeutic effects and targeted delivery.

Dosimetric and radiobiological comparison between conventional and hypofractionated breast treatment plans using the Halcyon system.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to compare the efficacy of conventional and hypofractionated radiotherapy treatment plans for breast cancer patients, with a specific focus on the unique features of the Halcyon system.

Methods And Materials: The study collected and analyzed dose volume histogram (DVH) data for two groups of treatment plans implemented using the Halcyon system. The first group consisted of 19 patients who received conventional fractionated (CF) treatment with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions, while the second group comprised 9 patients who received hypofractionated (HF) treatment with a total dose of 42.

Baseline micronucleus frequencies and 60Co cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay dose-response curve for biodosimetry in Vietnam.

This study aims to establish baseline micronucleus (MN) frequencies from various populations of residents in Vietnam and develop a 60Co dose-response curve for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Blood samples were exposed in vitro to a 60Co source at a dose rate of 275 mGy per min in a range of 0.1 to 4.

RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: Inter-Assay Comparison of Eight Dosimetry Assays.

Tools for radiation exposure reconstruction are required to support the medical management of radiation victims in radiological or nuclear incidents. Different biological and physical dosimetry assays can be used for various exposure scenarios to estimate the dose of ionizing radiation a person has absorbed. Regular validation of the techniques through inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) is essential to guarantee high quality results.

RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay.

The goal of the RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021 exercise was to simulate a large-scale radiation accident involving a network of biodosimetry labs. Labs were required to perform their analyses using different biodosimetric assays in triage mode scoring and to rapidly report estimated radiation doses to the organizing institution. This article reports the results obtained with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay.

RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: The Dicentric Chromosome Assay.

After large-scale radiation accidents where many individuals are suspected to be exposed to ionizing radiation, biological and physical retrospective dosimetry assays are important tools to aid clinical decision making by categorizing individuals into unexposed/minimally, moderately or highly exposed groups. Quality-controlled inter-laboratory comparisons of simulated accident scenarios are regularly performed in the frame of the European legal association RENEB (Running the European Network of Biological and Physical retrospective Dosimetry) to optimize international networking and emergency readiness in case of large-scale radiation events. In total 33 laboratories from 22 countries around the world participated in the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021 for the dicentric chromosome assay.

Crystallization Pathways and Evolution of Morphologies and Structural Defects of α-MnO under Air Annealing.

Manganese dioxide nanomaterials have wide applications in many areas from catalysis and Li-ion batteries to gas sensing. Understanding the crystallization pathways, morphologies, and formation of defects in their structure is particularly important but still a challenging issue. Herein, we employed an arsenal of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), neutron diffraction, positron annihilation spectroscopies, and calculations to investigate the evolution of the morphology and structure of α-MnO nanomaterials prepared via reduction of KMnO solution with CHOH prior to being annealed in air at 200-600 °C.

Assessment of the distribution and ecological risks of heavy metals in coastal sediments in Vietnam's Mong Cai area.

Coastal sediments in the Mong Cai area were collected and analyzed for grain size, heavy metals, total organic carbon, and isotopes (Pb, Ra, δN, δC) to assess sediment quality. The most common sediments were fine sand in surface sediment, very fine sand in core C1, and very coarse and coarse silt in core C2. The total organic carbon was highest in C2 next to the surface and lowest in C1, with content levels of 1.

Simulations of X-ray spectra, half value layer, and mean energy from mammography using EGSnrc Monte Carlo and SpekPy.

Introduction: This study presents the simulation results of X-ray spectra, half value layers (HVLs), and mean energies (E) of two mammography units using EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) and SpekPy computer codes.

Methods: The spectra caused by different combinations of targets/filters at various tube voltages (kVps) of two mammography units were simulated using two different computer codes. The EGSnrc MC simulated data of spectra and E were compared with those obtained from SpekPy.

Design synthesis of Y-90 glass microspheres and study of their therapeutic effects on mouse liver cancer cell line Hep3B.

In this article, a system for synthesizing Y-90 glass microspheres (Y-90-GM) was successfully designed in the Da Lat nuclear reactor (Vietnam), and the therapeutic effects of Y-90-GM on mice liver cancer cell line Hep3B were studied. The effects of synthesis factors, including heating time, heating temperature, gas flow rate, sample conduit length and diameter, were investigated to establish the optimal parameters. The size and shape of Y-90-GM were checked by field emission scanning electron microscope, and the radioactivity measurement was performed on a dosimeter.

Novel design of amine and metal hydroxide functional group modified onto sludge biochar for arsenic removal.

This study involved novel-designed sludge biochar (SB) adsorbed for arsenic removal with lower operating costs and higher adsorption efficiency properties. Generally, biochar only relies on micropores for pollutant adsorption, but physical adsorption is not highly efficient for arsenic removal. Therefore, in order to improve the removal efficiency of arsenic by SB, diethylenetriamine (DETA) and FeCl were used in this study to modify the surface of SB by an immersion method.

Estimating partial-body ionizing radiation exposure by automated cytogenetic biodosimetry.

Purpose: Inhomogeneous exposures to ionizing radiation can be detected and quantified with the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) of metaphase cells. Complete automation of interpretation of the DCA for whole-body irradiation has significantly improved throughput without compromising accuracy, however, low levels of residual false positive dicentric chromosomes (DCs) have confounded its application for partial-body exposure determination.

Materials And Methods: We describe a method of estimating and correcting for false positive DCs in digitally processed images of metaphase cells.

GAMMA SPECTRUM STABILIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING STATIONS USING NAI(TL) DETECTOR.

Gamma spectrum measured by an NaI(Tl) detector is known to be unstable with the in situ temperature. In the present work, an advanced method has been applied to stabilize the gamma spectrum measured by the NaI(Tl) detector at environmental radiation monitoring (ERM) stations. The method is based on experimental data obtained under controlled conditions in laboratory.