Isotopic characteristics of antifouling paints and fractionation of Cu and Zn isotopes during dissolution by seawater and their adsorption to marine sediments.

The elemental and isotopic (δCu and δZn) characteristics of 34 AFP samples from 5 paint manufacturers, the isotopic fractionation during the dissolution of AFPs by seawater, and the subsequent adsorption of isotopes onto coastal fine-grained sediments were investigated to identify potential indicators (metal ratios and isotopes). The δCu and δZn values for 34 AFPs could be divided into 2 groups regardless of the type of paint or manufacturer. Dissolution by seawater induced substantial fractionation but δCu and δZn approached the bulk AFP values when the leached fraction increased.

Directly Grown Polyimide Covalent Organic Framework Films with High Electrochromic and Energy-Storage Performance.

Two dimensional covalent organic framework (2D COF) films based on triphenylamine are considered to be promising electrochromic and energy-storage materials owing to their interlayer π-π electron delocalization, one-dimensional (1D) nanopores, and stable chemical structures. Triphenylamine-based 2D COF electrochromic films, nevertheless, rarely exhibit transparency and high optical contrast, which severely limited the scope of their application. In this work, two directly grown triphenylamine-based polyimide 2D COF films, TAPA-PMDA and TAPA-NTCDA PI COF, were prepared through solvothermal technology.

Effect of different crate material types for transit on production, physiological characteristics, and welfare of broilers during the summer season.

The current study investigated the impact of using iron and plastic crates during summer transportation on production, physiological characteristics, and welfare of broiler chickens. A total of 160 Ross 308 male broilers were randomly selected from a battery-caged house at 35 days of age. Their average body weight was 1,866.

Taste-related and volatile organic compounds of fresh and frozen-thawed chicken breast meat.

The effect of frozen storage (-18°C for 2 months) and thawing (4°C for 16 h) on the taste-related compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in chicken breast meat was studied. After freeze-thawing, inosine monophosphate levels in chicken meat decreased and inosine levels increased. Free amino acid content increased significantly, regardless of bitter, sweet, or umami amino acids.

Effect of crating density and weather conditions during transit on preslaughter losses, physiological characteristics, and meat quality in broilers.

The impact of crating density and prevailing weather conditions during transit on preslaughter losses, physiological characteristics, and meat quality in broilers was investigated. A total of 900 35-day-old Ross 308 male broilers with an average body weight of 1,860 ± 17.458 g (mean ± SEM) in summer and 1,864 ± 17.

Evaluation of the nutrient digestibility at each age in dogs diet by and methods.

The objective of this study was to evaluate predictions of digestibility at each age (puppy, adult, and senior) in dogs of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), crude fiber (CF), and ether extract (EE) using dog diets. First, to determine the digestibility of dog diets using pepsin and pancreatin incubations, conduct the method. Later, 18 mixed-sex beagles were used in this experiment to compare digestibility.

Development of Dopant-Free N,N'-Bicarbazole-Based Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Efficient and stable hole-transport material (HTM) is essential for enhancing the efficiency and stability of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The commonly used HTMs such as spiro-OMeTAD need dopants to produce high efficiency, but those dopants degrade the perovskite film and cause instability. Therefore, the development of dopant-free N,N'-bicarbazole-based HTM is receiving huge attention for preparing stable, cost-effective, and efficient PSCs.

A Ku-Band Fully Differential Low-Power High-Input P1dB Low-Noise Amplifier.

This paper introduces a Ku-band fully differential low-power high-input 1 dB compression point (P1dB) low-noise amplifier (LNA). A fully differential structure is employed to enhance the input P1dB, common-mode noise rejection, and second harmonic cancellation. The first stage adopts large transistors and is optimized for power consumption and noise figure (NF).

Navigating the Complexity of Resistance in Lung Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Organoid Models, and Strategies for Overcoming Treatment Failure.

: The persistence of chemotherapy-resistant and dormant cancer cells remains a critical challenge in the treatment of lung cancer. Objectives: This review focuses on non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, examining the complex mechanisms that drive treatment resistance. : This review analyzed current studies on chemotherapy resistance in NSCLC and SCLC, focusing on tumor microenvironment, genetic mutations, cancer cell heterogeneity, and emerging therapies.

Design and evaluation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase degraders using a covalent fumarate handle.

Targeted protein degradation has emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm in drug discovery. Despite the FDA approval of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, the pursuit of compounds with enhanced potency and prolonged efficacy remains crucial to mitigate inevitable adverse effects. In this context, we endeavored to develop ALK degraders utilizing FDA-approved ALK inhibitors-crizotinib, ceritinib, brigatinib, and alectinib-as ALK binders, along with 4-methoxyphenylfumarate as a covalent handle to bind to RNF126 E3 ligase.

The kinetics of a light irradiation enhanced room temperature NO gas sensor using hybrid ZnO/ZnTe nanorod structures.

This study focuses on fabricating a hybrid structure consisting of ZnO nanorods and ZnTe nanoparticles for NO gas detection, particularly exploring the impact of light irradiation at room temperature (RT). The morphology, physical characteristics, and chemical properties of the ZnO/ZnTe hybrid structure are carefully studied under diverse analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other measurements. The ZnO/ZnTe composite displayed an improved response toward 500 ppb NO under the blue light radiation effect.

Functional Analysis of KPvRxLR27, a Novel Plasmopara viticola Effector from a Korean Isolate, and Its Role in Hypersensitive Response.

Plasmopara viticola causes grape downy mildew, one of the most notorious diseases of cultivated grapes that damage vineyards worldwide. The pathogen secretes various effector molecules to infect and modulate the host biological processes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the roles of KPvRxLR27, an arginine-any amino acid-leucine-arginine (RxLR) effector isolated from P.

Radiation-Resistant Bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Radioprotectors.

The increasing use of radiation presents a risk of radiation exposure, making the development of radioprotectors necessary. In the previous study, it is investigated that Deinococcus radiodurans (R1-EVs) exert the antioxidative properties. However, the radioprotective activity of R1-EVs remains unclear.

Transcriptomic landscapes of STING-mediated DNA-sensing reveal cellular response heterogeneity.

Transfection of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding target genes is a routine tool in gene function studies and therapeutic applications. However, nucleic acid-sensing-mediated innate immune responses influence multiple intracellular signaling pathways. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial adapter protein for DNA sensors in mammalian cells.

Redox control of NRF2 signaling in oocytes harnessing Porphyra derivatives as a toggle.

This study investigated the potential of Porphyra derivatives (PD), including Porphyra334, to activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway in porcine oocytes to enhance oocyte competency and intracellular networks. Conventional methods for manipulating mitochondrial functions and antioxidant pathways often rely upon genetic modifications that are impractical for direct application in humans. We hypothesized that PD serves as a natural regulator of the NRF2 pathway without requiring genetic intervention.

Fulvic acid inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the Ca/CaMKⅡ/AMPK pathway.

Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing obesity. Although fulvic acid alleviates back fat thickness in pigs, the mechanism underlying its anti-obesity effect remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the anti-obesity mechanism of fulvic acid using 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities provides insights into metabolic profiling of different organs of Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai.

Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai is a perennial plant that has been widely used as a traditional medicine. However, the comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities in different organs (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) has not been extensively studied. A comprehensive analysis using GC-qMS, GC-TOFMS, and HPLC metabolomic analyses identified 66 known metabolites in different organs of P.

Antiviral-effect of nitrogen-containing compounds isolated from Sarcodon imbricatus on influenza A virus through regulation of ZBP-1 mediated necroptosis.

This study focuses on the elucidation of the structure and antiviral properties of six nitrogen-containing compounds including amino acid derivates (1 and 2) and heterocyclic compounds (3-6) isolated from the fruiting bodies of Sarcodon imbricatus, particularly Compound 2, an (S)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-methylpentanoic acid ethyl ester. Their antiviral effects were tested against influenza A virus (IAV) in A549 cells. Particularly, Compound 2 exhibited significant antiviral activity in post-treatment assays, reducing viral protein expression and inhibiting viral replication with an IC of 14.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on ferritin complexes with screened immunogenic sequences from the Fv-antibody library.

In this study, the vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was developed using ferritin complexes with the immunogenic sequences screened against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) from the Fv-antibody library. The Fv-antibody library was prepared on the outer membrane of by the expression of the V region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) with a randomized complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3). Four Fv-antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) were screened from the Fv-antibody library, which had a comparable binding constant () between SARS-CoV-2 SP and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.

Polystyrene nanoplastics promote the blood-brain barrier dysfunction through autophagy pathway and excessive erythrophagocytosis.

There is increasing concern regarding the risks posed by plastics to human health. Nano-sized plastics enter the body through various exposure routes. Although nano-sized particles circulate through the bloodstream and access the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the harmful impacts of nano-sized plastics on BBB function including endothelial cells are not well known.

Unlocking Novel Functionality: Pseudocapacitive Sensing in MXene-Based Flexible Supercapacitors.

Extensively explored for their distinctive pseudocapacitance characteristics, MXenes, a distinguished group of 2D materials, have led to remarkable achievements, particularly in the realm of energy storage devices. This work presents an innovative Pseudocapacitive Sensor. The key lies in switching the energy storage kinetics from pseudocapacitor to electrical double layer capacitor by employing the change of local pH (-log[H]) in MXene-based flexible supercapacitors during bending.

Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire as a tool for assessing dietary vitamin D intake among Korean women.

Background/objectives: Appropriate vitamin D status improves bone health and chronic diseases; it has shown benefits during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Therefore, assessing vitamin D status is crucial. However, limited research on vitamin D intake among Koreans complicates understanding of its consumption.

l-Cysteine-Modified Carbon Dots Derived from for Thiram Pesticides Identification on Edible Perilla Leaves.

In this work, environmentally friendly fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) were developed for the purpose of thiram identification in the leaves of perilla plants. Powdered plant petals from were hydrothermally combined to create C-dots. Analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence were employed to examine the properties of C-dots.

Description of a new coastal Adota Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) species from Kamchatka.

Adota kamchatkaensis Yoo & Ahn, sp. nov. is described on the coast of Kamchatka, Russia.