Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes among adult populations of Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Knowing the magnitude and preventable risk factors of diabetes has a significant contribution in targeted prevention intervention which ultimately ensures the existence of healthier and productive individuals in a country. Diabetes has untoward impact on health, social and economic consequences. Exploring preventable risk factors are extremely important because of their potential association and interaction with diabetes.

Childhood trauma and subclinical PTSD symptoms predict adverse effects and worse outcomes across two mindfulness-based programs for active depression.

Within mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), mixed results have been found for the role of childhood trauma as a moderator of depression outcomes. Furthermore, childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms have been identified as possible risk factors for the occurrence of meditation-related adverse effects (MRAE). The present research examined multiple forms of childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms as predictors of depression treatment outcomes and MRAEs.

Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis (PDKA) among newly diagnosed diabetic patients at Dilla University Hospital, Dilla, Ethiopia: Prevalence and predictors.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a morbid complication of Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM), and its occurrence at diagnosis has rarely been studied in Ethiopia, despite the many cases seen in the pediatric population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of DKA among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and identify avoidable risk factors.

Method: This institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2018 to December1, 2022.

The association of muscle weakness with functional disability in older patients with Diabetes mellitus: Measured by three different grip strength thresholds.

The association of muscle weakness with poor outcomes is well defined in general older population, but there is insufficient data on the association of muscle weakness with functionality in older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to investigate the predictivity of muscle weakness defined as low grip strength thresholds determined by EWGSOP2, and two regional thresholds in older patients with DM for functional disability. Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL), grip strength, comorbidities, anthropometric and biochemical data from outpatient clinic medical records were screened retrospectively.

Comparisons of oscillatory potentials and 30 Hz flicker electroretinograms for discriminating eyes with diabetic retinopathy from normal eyes.

Purpose: To compare the amplitudes and implicit times of the oscillatory (OPs) of the full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) to those of the 30 Hz flicker ERGs in differentiating eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) from normal eyes.

Study Design: Single-center observational study.

Methods: Full-field ERGs were recorded in 55 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 20 normal control subjects.

Awaiting insurance coverage: Medicaid enrollment and post-acute care use after traumatic injury.

Background: Lack of insurance after traumatic injury is associated with decreased use of postacute care and poor outcomes. Insurance linkage programs enroll eligible patients in Medicaid at the time of an unplanned admission. We hypothesized that Medicaid enrollment would be associated with increased use of postacute care, but also with prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) while awaiting insurance authorization.

Abolition of Aorticorenal Ganglia Pacing Responses Improves Denervation Efficacy.

Background: Transcatheter renal denervation (RDN) remains inconsistent despite developments in ablation technologies, due to the lack of an intraprocedural physiological end point.

Objective: To identify whether aorticorenal ganglion (ARG) guided RDN using microwave (MW) catheter leads to more consistent denervation outcomes compared with empirical MW ablation.

Methods: Pigs underwent sham procedure (n=8) or bilateral RDN using an in-house built open-irrigated MW catheter.

Chronic Kidney Disease Preventive Attitude, Practice, and Associated Factors among Type 2 DM Patients in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as one of the leading causes of mortality and it is one of a small number of noncommunicable diseases that have shown an increase in associated deaths over the past two decades. Chronic kidney disease affects approximately 50% of patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM).

Objective: To determine CKD preventive attitude, practices, and associated factors among type 2 DM (T2DM) patients attending follow-up in a diabetic clinic at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital.

Predicting conversion to psychosis using machine learning: response to Cannon.

Background: We previously reported that machine learning could be used to predict conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis with up to 90% accuracy using the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-3 (NAPLS-3) dataset. A definitive test of our predictive model that was trained on the NAPLS-3 data, however, requires further support through implementation in an independent dataset. In this report we tested for model generalization using the previous iteration of NAPLS-3, the NAPLS-2, using the identical machine learning algorithms employed in our previous study.

The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for all-cause mortality among individuals with resolved HBV infection: evidence from the NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: Inflammation is a critical component in the process of resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) serves as a sensitive indicator of systemic inflammation and immune activation. Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between elevated NLR levels and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with resolved HBV infection.

Liraglutide and denatonium benzoate attenuate T2DM-induced metabolic, neurological, and testicular changes in rats: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and BCRP transporter.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adversely affects various organs, including the brain and its blood barrier. In addition to the brain, hyperglycemia damages the testes. The testes possess blood-tissue barriers that share common characteristics and proteins with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP).

Risk Factors and Mechanisms for Diabetes in Pancreatitis.

Diabetes (DM) can occur as a complication of acute, acute recurrent, or chronic pancreatitis, affecting more than 30% of adults with chronic pancreatitis. Data on the pathophysiology and management are limited, especially in pediatric population. Proposed mechanisms include insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, decreased pancreatic polypeptide, and possible beta-cell autoimmunity (in a small subset).

Surveillance of Dual-Mobility Hip Systems: Damage Mode and Clinical Data Analysis.

Background: Hip instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is among the most common indications for revision surgery. The implantation of dual-mobility (DM) systems, designed to improve stability, continues to rise, and thus, characterizing in vivo implant damage modes is paramount.

Methods: Under an implant retrieval protocol, 51 DM THA systems were analyzed.

Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.

Background: For decades, poor treatment options and low-quality evidence plagued care for patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The advent of new drugs to treat tuberculosis and enhanced funding now permit randomized, controlled trials of shortened-duration, all-oral treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.

Methods: We conducted a phase 3, multinational, open-label, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial to compare standard therapy for treatment of fluoroquinolone-susceptible, rifampin-resistant tuberculosis with five 9-month oral regimens that included various combinations of bedaquiline (B), delamanid (D), linezolid (L), levofloxacin (Lfx) or moxifloxacin (M), clofazimine (C), and pyrazinamide (Z).

Breed and trace mineral source influence the performance of beef heifers during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing forage at early vegetative stage.

We evaluated the effects of breed and mineral source on heifer performance during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing. On day -7, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore (ANE) and Nelore (NE) heifers (12 heifers per breed; body weight, BW = 264 ± 35 kg; age = 15 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual drylot pens to receive ad libitum Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay and white salt for 7 days.

Changes in food preferences after oral semaglutide administration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: KAMOGAWA-DM cohort.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral semaglutide on the changes in food preference of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 75 patients with type 2 diabetes who received oral semaglutide. The primary outcome was the change in the score of brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) score 3 months after the initiation of oral semaglutide treatment.

Assessment of self-management questionnaire in diabetes mellitus (ASQ-DM-EX)-the validation of novel lived experience inventory.

Background: The optimal control of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is defined by the innate mastery of self-management behaviours. This study is designed to condense the lived experiences of people with T2D in relation to factors 'exterior' to themselves into a universal self-management inventory (Assessment of Self-Management Questionnaire in Diabetes Mellitus-External Reality; ASQ-DM-EX).

Methods: We collected responses to an online and physical survey from people living with T2D through a quantitative cross-sectional study.

Treatment of Cutaneous Adnexal Carcinoma With Radiotherapy: A 20-Year, Single-Institution Experience in 49 Patients.

Objectives: Cutaneous adnexal carcinomas (CACs) are rare skin cancers with no established treatment guidelines. Given the limited data, this study aims to explore the characteristics and outcomes of patients with CAC treated with radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: Patients diagnosed with CAC between 2000 and 2020 who received RT were included.

Three-Dimensional CT for Preprocedural Planning of PCI for Ostial Right Coronary Artery Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: Geographic stent-ostium mismatch is an important predictor of target lesion failure after percutaneous coronary intervention of an aorto-ostial right coronary artery lesion. Optimal visualization of the aorto-ostial plane is crucial for precise stent implantation at the level of the ostium. This study investigates whether preprocedural 3-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT), with determination of the optimal viewing angle, would allow for more precise stent implantation and reduce procedure time, contrast, and radiation dose.

Relationship between ferroptosis and healing of diabetic foot ulcer: a prospective clinical study.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the common complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In order to find a method to monitor and treat the refractory DFU, the ferroptosis level in DFU and traumatic wounds (TW) was monitored and the difference between them was analyzed. At the same time, this study further analyzed the correlation of ferroptosis levels with DM severity and DFU's healing.

Objective Neurophysiological Measures of Cognitive Performance in Elite Ice Hockey Players.

Introduction: Athletic peak performance is increasingly focused on cognitive and mental factors. In the current study, cognitive performance was measured by neurophysiological responses in elite Junior-A hockey players.

Methods: Neurophysiological brain vital signs were extracted from event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate auditory sensation (the N100), basic attention (the P300), and cognitive processing (the N400).

Development and Evaluation of the Dermatomyositis Outcomes for Muscle and Skin as an Outcome Measure in Dermatomyositis Clinical Trials.

The Total Improvement Score (TIS), which is used as the primary efficacy measure in dermatomyositis (DM) clinical trials, lacks a skin-specific measure. However, skin is a defining feature of DM. In this study, data were analyzed from the phase 3 trial of lenabasum in DM.

Endurance training and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition combination is superior to each one alone in attenuating hyperketonemia/ketoacidosis in diabetic rats.

Objectives: While ketone bodies are not the main heart fuel, exercise may increase their uptake. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 6-week endurance training and Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 )PDK4( inhibition on ketone bodies metabolism in the heart of diabetic rats with emphasis on the role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator PGC-1alpha (PGC-1α).

Materials And Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: healthy control group (CONT), endurance training group (TRA), diabetic group (DM), DM + EX group, Dichloroacetate (DCA) group, DM + DCA group, TRA + DCA group, and DM + TRA + DCA group.

Prepartum skeletal muscle reserves and branched-chain volatile fatty acid supplementation have minimal effects in response to intravenous glucose tolerance tests in periparturient dairy cattle.

Periparturient dairy cows experience metabolic adaptations to prepare for increased nutrient requirements of the fetus and the onset of lactation. Adaptations include increased peripheral tissue insulin resistance, which can be evaluated experimentally using intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT). The objective of this study was to determine if prepartum skeletal muscle reserves and supplementation of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) in the prepartum period affected blood glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and insulin concentrations 2 wk prepartum and 1 wk postpartum utilizing an IVGTT.