A map of transcriptional heterogeneity and regulatory variation in human microglia.

Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), play critical roles in immune defense, development and homeostasis. However, isolating microglia from humans in large numbers is challenging. Here, we profiled gene expression variation in primary human microglia isolated from 141 patients undergoing neurosurgery.

An integrated multi-omics analysis identifies prognostic molecular subtypes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

The molecular landscape in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by large biological heterogeneity with variable clinical outcomes. Here, we perform an integrative multi-omics analysis of patients diagnosed with NMIBC (n = 834). Transcriptomic analysis identifies four classes (1, 2a, 2b and 3) reflecting tumor biology and disease aggressiveness.

Acquaintance and Approach in the Direction of Tobacco Cessation Among Dental Practitioners-A Systematic Review.

Background: Nowadays, tobacco consumption has become one of the major public health problems and is the leading cause of escapable illness and death. A significant role is played by dental professionals in the identification of smokers; they are, thus, in a better position to offer preventive care. The aim of the present study was to systemically review the knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners toward tobacco cessation.

Assessment of implementation and compliance of (COTPA) Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (2003) in open places of Delhi.

Background: The use of tobacco in modern life leads to major epidemic disease resulting in social, financial, and environmental problems. In 1975, the first anti-tobacco legislation was passed which was incompetent; however, in 2003 "Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Bill" was passed which represents effectiveness in tobacco control. Thus, the aim was to assess the implementation of various sections of COTPA like Sections 4, 5, 6-a, and 6-b, and 7, 8, and 9 in public places of Delhi.

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Various Placement Techniques of Composite Restoration: An Study.

Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of various placement techniques of composite restoration on microleakage.

Materials And Methods: Forty extracted premolars were selected and a rectangular-shaped cavity was prepared on the buccal surface of cervical third of each tooth. Thereafter, teeth were randomly divided into four groups equally and were restored with the composite restorative material with different placement techniques, i.

Comparative Evaluation of CephNinja for Android and NemoCeph for Computer for Cephalometric Analysis: A Study to Evaluate the Diagnostic Performance of CephNinja for Cephalometric Analysis.

Background: Since the introduction of digitization in cephalometrics, orthodontics has experienced a new horizon. Technological advancement is usually followed by comparisons between the methods.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare values of cephalometric analysis performed by CephNinja and NemoCeph for Downs's analysis.

A Clinician's Guide to Artificial Intelligence: How to Critically Appraise Machine Learning Studies.

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the prospect of machine learning models demonstrating expert-level diagnosis in multiple disease contexts. However, there is concern that the excitement around this field may be associated with inadequate scrutiny of methodology and insufficient adoption of scientific good practice in the studies involving artificial intelligence in health care. This article aims to empower clinicians and researchers to critically appraise studies of clinical applications of machine learning, through: (1) introducing basic machine learning concepts and nomenclature; (2) outlining key applicable principles of evidence-based medicine; and (3) highlighting some of the potential pitfalls in the design and reporting of these studies.

Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Cancer Patients with Mild to Severe Liver Dysfunction: Adjunctive Role of the ALBI Grade.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown positive results in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As liver function contributes to prognosis, its precise assessment is necessary for the safe prescribing and clinical development of ICI in HCC. We tested the accuracy of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade as an alternative prognostic biomarker to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP).

Unusual Cystic Variant of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm, which is exclusively epithelial in its tissue of origin. Many cases of CEOTs are associated with impacted tooth and simulate dentigerous cyst radiographically. The histologic features of CEOT are unique; however, among its various histologic subtypes, the cystic variant is a rare and less well-understood entity.

Comparative Microbiological Evaluation after Caries Removal by Various Burs.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the caries removal efficacy in terms of bacteriology and efficiency in terms of time taken by conventional and smart burs.

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 extracted permanent molars with occlusal caries were selected for this study. These teeth were split at the center of carious lesion buccolingually, in order to obtain two similar halves.

Hermetic Seal in Obturation: An Achievable Goal with Recently Introduced Cpoint.

Aim And Objectives: To evaluate and compare the dentinal microcrack formation after obturation using CPoint and gutta percha as root canal filling materials.

Materials And Methods: Forty orthodontically extracted single-rooted premolars were selected. The teeth were decoronated and were then divided into four groups ( = 10).

Influence of the previous dental visit experience in seeking dental care among young adults.

Introduction: Dental fear is one of the highly prevalent types of fear which deters patients from seeking dental cares.

Aim: This study aims to assess the influence of a previous dental visit experience for seeking dental care among adults.

Methodology: Young adults ( = 150, 15-26 years) with previous dental visit for care were selected randomly among outpatients' visit in tertiary dental teaching hospital.

Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) and outpatient coverage.

The healthcare industry worldwide is undergoing a radical transformation. An enthusiastic healthcare system of the Government of India (GOI) continually tries to tackle numerous challenges facing the system. The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) program has provided secondary level healthcare facilities to more than 36 million families across most states in India.

A comparative evaluation of compressive strength and antimicrobial efficacy of Fuji IX and Amalgomer CR: An in vitro study.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the compressive strength and antimicrobial efficacy of Amalgomer CR and Fuji IX.

Method: 40 restorative pellets were taken for evaluating compressive strength and 40 blood agar petridishes for antimicrobial efficacy. 40 restorative pellets were fabricated from the tested materials according to manufacturer intructions.

Lymphoma Driver Mutations in the Pathogenic Evolution of an Iconic Human Autoantibody.

Pathogenic autoantibodies arise in many autoimmune diseases, but it is not understood how the cells making them evade immune checkpoints. Here, single-cell multi-omics analysis demonstrates a shared mechanism with lymphoid malignancy in the formation of public rheumatoid factor autoantibodies responsible for mixed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. By combining single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing with serum antibody peptide sequencing and antibody synthesis, rare circulating B lymphocytes making pathogenic autoantibodies were found to comprise clonal trees accumulating mutations.

Assessment of knowledge and attitude regarding management of patients with substance usage in dental clinics in Modinagar- A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The consequences of oral issues among drug users necessitate the implementation of a comprehensive dental care program. Integrated oral health-care services should be programmed for the management of drug addiction as a multi-organ disease needs a multi-disciplinary approach.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the management of patients with substance usage at a dental clinic.

Comparative Evaluation of Nemoceph and Foxit PDF Reader for Steiner's Cephalometric Analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the values of Steiner's cephalometric analysis using Nemoceph and Foxit PDF Reader. No significant difference between the two methods will result in that Foxit PDF Reader can be used as a cost-effective alternative.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on 100 digital lateral cephalograms taken from the same machine.

Dermatoglyphics as a Noninvasive Tool for Predicting Dental Caries in Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Children: An Study.

Aim: To find the association of dermatoglyphics and dental caries in normal and cerebral palsy (CP) children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 150 children of age group 6-12 years were selected and divided into three equal groups. Group I constituted of 50 CP caries-active children, group II constituted of 50 healthy caries active children, and group III consisted of 50 healthy caries-free children.

Stature estimation from regression analysis of facial anthropometry in Indian population.

Background: Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters which determines the physical identity of an individual. As craniofacial structures have the advantage of being composed largely of hard tissue which is relatively indestructible, the careful study of these can enable reliable determination of stature of the person in life. Studies pertaining to stature estimation from facial measurements are limited in an Indian population.

A Randomized Trial of Progesterone in Women with Bleeding in Early Pregnancy.

Background: Bleeding in early pregnancy is strongly associated with pregnancy loss. Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Several small trials have suggested that progesterone therapy may improve pregnancy outcomes in women who have bleeding in early pregnancy.

Out-patient coverage: Private sector insurance in India.

Background: There has been a growth of 25% in the health insurance business in India during the last few years with the expansion of the private health insurance sector. The share of the private health insurance companies has increased considerably, despite the fact that from the patients' point of view, health insurance is not a good deal.

Aim: To provide information and assess the current status of private sector insurance with regard to out-patient coverage in India.

Construction of a Frailty Index as a Novel Health Measure in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: To construct a Frailty Index (FI) as a measure of vulnerability to adverse outcomes among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using data from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort.

Methods: The SLICC inception cohort consists of recently diagnosed patients with SLE followed annually with clinical and laboratory assessments. For this analysis, the baseline visit was defined as the first study visit at which sufficient information was available for construction of an FI.

Levothyroxine in Women with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies before Conception.

Background: Thyroid peroxidase antibodies are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and preterm birth, even when thyroid function is normal. Small trials indicate that the use of levothyroxine could reduce the incidence of such adverse outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate whether levothyroxine treatment would increase live-birth rates among euthyroid women who had thyroid peroxidase antibodies and a history of miscarriage or infertility.

Instrument-based tests for measuring anterior chamber cells in uveitis: a systematic review protocol.

Background: Uveitis describes a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the eye. The ability to monitor inflammatory changes in anterior uveitis is crucial in clinical practice for making treatment decisions and in clinical trials for testing therapeutic agents. The current standard for quantifying anterior segment inflammation is clinical slit-lamp examination findings classified using the Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) grading system.