Brain development using a multicomponent intravenous lipid emulsion in preterm infants.

Background: Intravenous lipid emulsions are an essential component of nutritional support for very preterm infants. Many neonatal intensive care units have transitioned from traditional soybean oil-only to fish oil-containing multicomponent lipid emulsions, but the neurodevelopmental implications have not been well-explored. The primary aim of this study was to assess extrauterine third trimester brain growth in very preterm infants supported with soybean oil-only compared to fish-oil containing multicomponent lipid emulsions; white matter development and neurobehavioral regulation at term were also investigated.

Multi-modal cross-domain self-supervised pre-training for fMRI and EEG fusion.

Neuroimaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) have shown promise in detecting functional abnormalities in various brain disorders. However, existing studies often focus on a single domain or modality, neglecting the valuable complementary information offered by multiple domains from both fMRI and EEG, which is crucial for a comprehensive representation of disorder pathology. This limitation poses a challenge in effectively leveraging the synergistic information derived from these modalities.

Anti-aging properties of the aminosterols of the dogfish shark.

The development of anti-aging drugs is challenged by both the apparent complexity of the physiological mechanisms involved in aging and the likelihood that many of these mechanisms remain unknown. As a consequence, the development of anti-aging compounds based on the rational targeting of specific pathways has fallen short of the goal. To date, the most impressive compound is rapamycin, a natural bacterial product initially identified as an antifungal, and only subsequently discovered to have anti-aging properties.

Caregiver worry about COVID-19 as a predictor of social mitigation behaviours and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 12-city U.S. surveillance study of households with children.

Objective: Understanding compliance with COVID-19 mitigation recommendations is critical for informing efforts to contain future infectious disease outbreaks. This study tested the hypothesis that higher levels of worry about COVID-19 illness among household caregivers would predict lower (a) levels of overall and discretionary social exposure activities and (b) rates of household SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Methods: Data were drawn from a surveillance study of households with children ( = 1913) recruited from 12 U.

Qualitative Analysis of a Home-Delivered Produce Prescription Intervention to Improve Food and Nutrition Security.

In total, 17.9% of households with children experienced food insecurity (FI) in 2023. Produce prescription interventions (PRx) are a viable intervention to address FI and improve diet quality.

Development and function of the medial amygdala.

Across studied vertebrates, the medial amygdala (MeA) is a central hub for relaying sensory information with social and/or survival relevance to downstream nuclei such as the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) and the hypothalamus. MeA-driven behaviors, such as mating, aggression, parenting, and predator avoidance are processed by different molecularly defined inhibitory and excitatory neuronal output populations. Work over the past two decades has deciphered how diverse MeA neurons arise from embryonic development, revealing contributions from multiple telencephalic and diencephalic progenitor domains.

Correlation of right ventricular outflow tract residual disease on post-op transesophageal echocardiography and discharge transthoracic echocardiography after tetralogy of fallot repair.

Post-operative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is standard of care to evaluate for residual disease and quality of surgical repair. The residual lesion score (RLS) as defined by the pediatric heart network explored the impact of residual lesions on outcomes using discharge transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). In tetralogy of fallot with pulmonary stenosis (TOF/PS), the residual right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) gradient is one marker of quality of repair.

Switchable Adhesion of Hydrogels to Plant and Animal Tissues.

The ability to "switch on" adhesion between a thin hydrogel and a biological tissue can be useful in biomedical applications such as surgery. One way to accomplish this is with an electric field, a phenomenon termed electroadhesion (EA). Here, it is shown that cationic gels can be adhered by EA to tissues across all of biology.

Evaluating chemical effects on human neural cells through calcium imaging and deep learning.

New substances intended for human consumption must undergo extensive preclinical safety pharmacology testing prior to approval. These tests encompass the evaluation of effects on the central nervous system, which is highly sensitive to chemical substances. With the growing understanding of the species-specific characteristics of human neural cells and advancements in machine learning technology, the development of effective and efficient methods for the initial screening of chemical effects on human neural function using machine learning platforms is anticipated.

Reimagining Kangaroo Care for Preterm Infants: A Novel Garment for Safe and Comfortable Bonding.

Background/objectives: Kangaroo Care (KC) has been proven to enhance physiological stability, growth, and bonding in preterm, low-birthweight infants. Despite its benefits, KC is underutilized in Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) due to challenges in managing medical equipment. This study introduces the Kangarobe™, a novel garment designed to facilitate safe, comfortable, and efficient KC for medically fragile infants in high-acuity NICUs.

Utility of the TG/HDL-C Ratio in Estimating Pediatric Cardiometabolic Risk in a Community Hospital.

: The evaluation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is critical among children and adolescents as it can predict cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The TG/HDL-C ratio has the best predictive accuracy among the different lipid ratios. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with a high TG/HDL-C ratio and the predictive accuracy for pediatric MetS.

Severity of Vessel Color Changes and Macular and Peripheral Whitening in Malarial Retinopathy Are Associated with Higher Total Body and Sequestered Parasite Burdens.

Two-thirds of children with cerebral malaria (CM) exhibit retinopathy characterized by whitening, vessel color changes, and/or hemorrhages. The pathogenesis of malarial retinopathy is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the relationship between malarial retinopathy and the severity of its components (macular whitening, retinal hemorrhages, and vessel color changes) with the total, circulating, or sequestered parasite load in children with CM.

Outcomes of medial collateral ligament reconstruction with suture-augmented semitendinosus autograft.

Purpose: This study evaluates patient-reported outcomes among patients who underwent medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction with suture-augmented semitendinosus autograft (SASA).

Methods: Patients who underwent SASA MCL reconstruction between 2017 and 2022 participated in preoperative and postoperative surveys for patient-reported outcomes: Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS), and Veterans Rand 12 (VR-12). Paired t-tests were performed to compare preoperative and postoperative scores.

Thriving Through Adaptation: Adaptive Sports after Spinal Cord Injury.

This article focuses on identifying how health care providers can support a person with spinal cord injury to pursue and maintain involvement in adaptive sports. Benefits and barriers of sport participation, equipment considerations, and recommendations on how to determine sport appropriateness for a person with spinal cord injury will be provided. The authors emphasize through appropriate medical management and consideration of level of disability, functional performance, psychological readiness, and individual preference, a health care provider can play a valuable role in connecting individuals with spinal cord injury to adaptive sports and recreation.

Functional partitioning of sentence processing and emotional prosody in the right perisylvian cortex after perinatal stroke.

In healthy adults different language abilities-sentence processing versus emotional prosody-are supported by the left (LH) versus the right hemisphere (RH), respectively. However, after LH stroke in infancy, RH regions often support both abilities with normal outcomes. This finding raises an important question: How does the functional map of RH regions change to support both emotional prosody and also typically left-lateralized language functions after an early LH stroke? Does sentence processing simply become reflected into RH frontotemporal regions and overlap with emotional prosody processing? Or do these functions overlap less than would be expected with simple mirroring? In the current work we used task fMRI to examine precisely how sentence processing and emotional prosody processing are both organized in the intact RH of individuals who suffered a large LH perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (LHPS participants).

Immunotherapy benefits for large brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with large brain metastases (BrM) defined as >2 cm in diameter historically face grim prognoses. With immunotherapy emerging as a promising avenue for BrM management and being commonly used in NSCLC, its application in addressing large BrM remains underexplored.

Methods: This retrospective study conducted across the MedStar Georgetown Cancer Network aimed to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy in non-biomarker driven NSCLC patients with large BrM following initial treatment.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with suture tape augmentation in the high-risk, young population.

Introduction: This study evaluated patient-reported outcome measures and reinjury rates in higher-risk adolescents and young adults aged 14-25 years old following Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction using autograft with suture tape augmentation (SA ACLR).

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective case series of patients aged 14-25 who underwent SA ACLR by a single surgeon between 2016 and 2020. After a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, data was collected on reinjury and patient reported outcome measures, including Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAPS).

Controversies in Artificial Intelligence in Neurosurgery.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved from science fiction to a technology infiltrating everyday life. In neurosurgery, clinicians and researchers are exploring ways to implement this powerful tool to improve the safety and efficiency of the perioperative process. Current applications include preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative detection and recommendations, and technical skills assessment and feedback.

Considerations in the Care of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patients Requiring Invasive Cardiac Catheterization.

Transgender and gender diverse patients undergoing cardiac procedures require unique considerations to ensure the delivery of respectful, safe, and high-value health care. There are several issues for which practicing clinicians may have limited experience managing, including the potential interactions between gender-affirming medical and surgical interventions and cardiovascular conditions; using correct patient name and pronouns and additional strategies to increase comfort and safety of medical interventions; and nuances of cardiac clearance before gender-affirming surgeries. This article provides a primer on these topics and sets cardiologists up to learn more about the needs of transgender and gender diverse patient populations.

PD-L1 Expression Varies in Thyroid Cancer Types and Is Associated with Decreased Progression Free Survival (PFS) in Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) remains a significant clinical challenge worldwide, with a subset of patients facing aggressive disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have emerged as promising therapeutic approaches for various malignancies, yet their efficacy in TC remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate PD-L1 expression in aggressive TC and its association with histological subtypes, molecular mutation, and progression-free survival.

Development and Pilot Testing of Children's National Hospital's New Faculty Orientation Program.

New faculty orientation (NFO) programs are shown to increase faculty satisfaction, enhance collaboration, and support promotion, retention, and academic success. In an effort led by a clinical psychologist, the Children's National Hospital (CNH) NFO was developed, piloted, and is in its 3rd year. Data are shared regarding program development process, feasibility, and acceptability.

Treatment of Short Stature in Aggrecan-deficient Patients With Recombinant Human GH: 3-year Response.

Context: Patients with aggrecan (ACAN) deficiency present with dominantly inherited short stature, as well as early-onset joint disease.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human GH (rhGH) on linear growth in ACAN-deficient children.

Methods: Open-label, single-arm, prospective study over 3 years recruiting 10 treatment-naïve patients with heterozygous mutations in , age ≥2 years, prepubertal, and normal IGF-I concentration.