A Unified Approach to Health Data Exchange: A Report From the US DHHS.

Importance: Health information technology, such as electronic health records (EHRs), has been widely adopted, yet accessing and exchanging data in the fragmented US health care system remains challenging. To unlock the potential of EHR data to improve patient health, public health, and health care, it is essential to streamline the exchange of health data. As leaders across the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), we describe how DHHS has implemented fundamental building blocks to achieve this vision.

Helicobacter pylori and its role in the pathogenesis of follicular gastritis: an overview.

The role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma is widely known; however, it is not entirely understood how bacterial infection is closely related to the genesis of follicular gastritis and some types of gastric lymphoma. Diagnosing and pathogenic mechanisms follicular gastritis remain challenging. Therefore, this article aims to examine the role of H.

Onchocerciasis is not a major cause of blindness in two endemic villages in Sierra Leone.

Objective: Sierra Leone, a country where onchocerciasis is endemic in 14 of the 16 districts, was the focus of our investigation. Despite 17 rounds of annual ivermectin treatment since 2005, a report circulated by a local politician indicated an increase in cases of suspected onchocerciasis-related vision impairment in two villages (Mangobo and Petifu) in Tonkolili district. In response, the National Neglected Tropical Disease Program conducted a comprehensive investigation.

Caregiver alignment with triage acuity levels and drivers for discrepancy between caregiver assessment and triage acuity levels: a cross-sectional questionnaire based study.

Background: Caregiver concern is the main driver to paediatric emergency departments visits. Understanding caregiver worries is crucial to guide patients to the most appropriate healthcare setting. Previous research shows mixed findings on the accordance between caregiver assessment and professional triage.

Study on influencing factors and prevention measures of coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disaster in deep coal mine mining.

Because coal seam mining with high geostress and high gas pressure is prone to coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters, a disaster energy equation considering the influence of roof elastic energy is established, and a disaster energy criterion considering the influence of roof elastic energy is derived and introduced into COMSOL software to conduct numerical simulations of coal seam mining under different geostress and gas pressures. The study revealed that the increase of ground stress reduces the gas pressure required for disaster occurrence. When the gas pressure reaches a certain value, the disaster will occur even if the ground stress is very small.

An image dataset for surveillance of personal protective equipment adherence in healthcare.

Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) use is critical to prevent disease transmission to healthcare providers, especially those treating patients with a high infection risk. To address the challenge of monitoring PPE usage in healthcare, computer vision has been evaluated for tracking adherence. Existing datasets for this purpose, however, lack a diversity of PPE and nonadherence classes, represent single not multiple providers, and do not depict dynamic provider movement during patient care.

Neurobehavioral plasticity in the rodent gustatory system induced by regular consumption of a low-calorie sweetener during adolescence.

Habitual consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) during juvenile-adolescence can lead to greater sugar intake later in life. Here, we investigated if exposure to the LCS Acesulfame Potassium (Ace-K) during this critical period of development reprograms the taste system in a way that would alter hedonic responding for common dietary compounds. Results revealed that early-life LCS intake not only enhanced the avidity for a caloric sugar (fructose) when rats were in a state of caloric need, it increased acceptance of a bitterant (quinine) in Ace-K-exposed rats tested when middle-aged.

Global urban activity changes from COVID-19 physical distancing restrictions.

During the COVID-19 pandemic changes in human activity became widespread through official policies and organically in response to the virus's transmission, which in turn, impacted the environment and the economy. The pandemic has been described as a natural experiment that tested how social and economic disruptions impacted different components of the global Earth System. To move this beyond hypotheses, locally-resolved, globally-available measures of how, where, and when human activity changed are critically needed.

Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost.

Neutralizing antibody titer has been a surrogate endpoint for guiding COVID-19 vaccine approval and use, although the pandemic's evolution and the introduction of variant-adapted vaccine boosters raise questions as to this surrogate's contemporary performance. For 985 recipients of an mRNA second bivalent or monovalent booster containing various Spike inserts [Prototype (Ancestral), Beta, Delta, and/or Omicron BA.1 or BA.

Clinical characteristics affecting weight loss in an East Asian population receiving semaglutide: A STEP 6 subgroup analysis.

Objective: To explore the effects of semaglutide versus placebo on body weight (BW) by subgroups of baseline characteristics.

Methods: In STEP 6, Japanese and Korean adults with overweight or obesity were randomized to subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg, semaglutide 1.

TGR5 attenuates DOCA-salt hypertension through regulating histone H3K4 methylation of ENaC in the kidney.

Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), located in the collecting duct principal cells of the kidney, is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium and plays a critical role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and consequently blood pressure. The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is a membrane receptor mediating effects of bile acid and is implicated in kidney diseases. The current study aims to investigate whether TGR5 activation in the kidney regulated ENaC expression and potential mechanism.

Understanding the Etiology of Externalizing Problems in Young Children: The Roles of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Irritability.

Objective: Callous-unemotional traits (CU), characterized as a lack of guilt and empathy; and irritability, a tendency to show anger and frustration; are 2 risk factors for externalizing behavioral problems. Externalizing problems, CU and irritability are all heritable. However, there is a dearth of studies examining the genetic and environmental associations between the 3 domains.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) Part I - Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) is a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia predominantly affecting postmenopausal Caucasian women. It is characterized by a progressive frontotemporal hairline recession that presents as a scarring hairless band and is often accompanied by eyebrow and body hair loss. Although initially described in postmenopausal women, FFA has been observed in a broader demographic, including premenopausal women and occasionally men.

Utilizing artificial intelligence and cellular population data for timely identification of bacteremia in hospitalized patients.

Background: Bacteremia is a critical condition with high mortality that requires prompt detection to prevent progression to life-threatening sepsis. Traditional diagnostic approaches, such as blood cultures, are time-consuming. This limitation has encouraged the exploration of rapid prediction methodologies.

Association of experienced stigma in healthcare settings with health outcomes among Black women living with HIV: Mediating roles of internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and trust in HIV care.

Background: Black women living with HIV (WLHIV) often have suboptimal ART adherence due to a multitude of social and structural barriers, including HIV-related stigma. Trust in healthcare providers plays a significant role in adhering to ART and is likely lower among Black WLHIV compared to their White counterparts. This study examined the relationship between experienced stigma in healthcare settings and ART adherence and viral suppression through anticipated stigma in healthcare settings, internalized stigma, and medical mistrust.

The presence of clonal isotype switch after autologous stem cell transplantation as a prognostic biomarker for long-term survival in patients with multiple myeloma.

Clonal isotype switch (CIS) in multiple myeloma (MM) refers to the emergence of new immunoglobulin bands distinct from those present at diagnosis. CIS often appears after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), reflecting post-transplant immune recovery. However, its prognostic significance remains unclear.

Recommendations on NMOSD treatment in Latin America: Utilizing consensus-based RAND/UCLA methodology.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a serious condition affecting people worldwide, including Latin America (LATAM). Healthcare disparities and economic limitations make effective treatment access challenging. It is crucial to consider the best practice therapeutic decision-making, including emerging long-term preventive therapies, to ensure patients in LATAM and elsewhere can effectively manage their disease all over the world.

Characterizing the within-person variability of food insecurity in everyday life.

Food insecurity (FI), the lack of access to adequate food, is linked with negative health and psychological outcomes. FI is typically measured retrospectively over the last year; although this measurement is useful to understand FI prevalence to inform broad policy, it leaves the experience of FI in everyday life poorly understood. Understanding how FI varies across shorter periods of time (days or weeks) can help inform FI prevention and/or intervention.

Caregiver food allergy self-efficacy explains the relationship between perceived food allergy severity and burden.

Objective: Caregiver perceived food allergy severity is associated with food allergy burden, while caregiver food allergy self-efficacy has been linked to improved quality of life for caregivers. This study examined the mediating effect of caregiver food allergy self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived food allergy severity and caregiver food allergy burden.

Methods: Caregivers of children diagnosed with IgE-mediated food allergy were recruited from pediatric allergy clinics to complete demographic and medical questionnaires, the Food Allergy Independent Measure-Parent Form, the Food Allergy Self-Efficacy Scale for Parents, and the Food Allergy Quality of Life-Parental Burden.

Neurodevelopmental and Mental Health Outcomes in a National Clinical Sample of Youth With Sex Chromosome Trisomies Compared With Matched Controls.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of neurodevelopmental and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of youth with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) with matched controls.

Methods: Patients in PEDSnet and a diagnosis code mapping to 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome (n = 1171), 47,XYY/Double Y syndrome (n = 243), or 47,XXX/Trisomy X syndrome (n = 262) were matched with controls using propensity scores. Generalized estimating equations computed odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diagnoses within the neurodevelopmental and mental health composites, psychotropic medication prescriptions, and encounters with behavioral health and therapy providers.