Assessing the Adherence of ChatGPT Chatbots to Public Health Guidelines for Smoking Cessation: Content Analysis.

Background: Large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence chatbots using generative language can offer smoking cessation information and advice. However, little is known about the reliability of the information provided to users.

Objective: This study aims to examine whether 3 ChatGPT chatbots-the World Health Organization's Sarah, BeFreeGPT, and BasicGPT-provide reliable information on how to quit smoking.

Characterization of Factors Associated With Death in Deceased Patients With Mitochondrial Disorders: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background And Objectives: Mitochondrial disorders are multiorgan disorders resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to characterize death-associated factors in an international cohort of deceased individuals with mitochondrial disorders.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter observational study used data provided by 26 mitochondrial disease centers from 8 countries from January 2022 to March 2023.

A framework for managing infectious diseases in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries in the face of climate change-East Africa as a case study.

Climate change is having unprecedented impacts on human health, including increasing infectious disease risk. Despite this, health systems across the world are currently not prepared for novel disease scenarios anticipated with climate change. While the need for health systems to develop climate change adaptation strategies has been stressed in the past, there is no clear consensus on how this can be achieved, especially in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries that experience high disease burdens and climate change impacts simultaneously.

Ancient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep.

The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep () are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled from across Eurasia. Genomes from Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE are genetically proximal to the domestic origins of sheep but do not fully explain the ancestry of later populations, suggesting a mosaic of wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by ancient herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, and growth rate.

Effects of gastrointestinal parasites on fecal glucocorticoids and behaviour in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus).

Relationships between parasites, host physiology, and behaviours are complex. Parasites can influence host hormonal microenvironment and behaviour through "sickness behaviours" that generally conserve energy. Using a parasite removal experiment, we examined the effects of gastrointestinal parasites on fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGC) and behaviours of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda.

Data-Driven Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Strata Predict 90-Day Major Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there is a lack of literature that identifies eGFR levels those are associated with notable differences in risk of these complications. The purpose of this study was to create eGFR strata for CKD patients that are associated with varying risks of 90-day major complications following TKA.

Preoperative Resilience as a Predictor of Postoperative Regret and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a well-established treatment option for advanced knee osteoarthritis, yet some patients remain unsatisfied after surgery. Evaluation of various psychosocial parameters may improve patient optimization and outcomes. The primary aim was to assess whether preoperative resilience remained stable and influenced decision regret postoperatively while the secondary aim was to evaluate its correlation with joint-specific and global health patient-reported outcome measures.

Cardiac MRI in Heart Transplantation: Approaches and Clinical Insights.

Orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) is a well-established therapy for end-stage heart failure that leads to improved long-term survival rates, with careful allograft surveillance essential for optimizing clinical outcomes after OHT. Unfortunately, complications can arise after OHT that can compromise the success of the OHT. Cardiac MRI is continually evolving, with a range of advanced techniques that can be applied to evaluate allograft structure and function.

Information-blocking trends following regulatory action.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of and trends in practices that interfere with the exchange of patient health information (potential information blocking) 2 years after implementation of information-blocking regulations.

Materials And Methods: Drawing from the American Hospital Association Information Technology (IT) Supplement and a national survey of health information organizations (HIOs), we described rates and methods of potential information blocking from these organizations' perspectives in 2023 and compared them to prior years.

Results: Twenty-seven percent of hospitals sometimes or often observed potential information blocking by any actor in 2023, down from 42% in 2021 and 33% in 2022.

Intense, self-induced sustainable microwave plasma using carbon nanotubes made from CO.

An intense, microwave-driven plasma is triggered and sustained with carbon nanotubes made directly from CO. Purification is one of many prospective energy applications. Self-purification of molten carbonate split CO synthesized CNTs is 100× quicker, consumes 10× less power, and produces higher purity than with conventional plasma treatment.

A Framework for Assessing Viral Pathogens: A Key Element of the BARDA Emerging Infectious Diseases Strategy.

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the need for nations to prepare more effectively for emerging infectious diseases. Preparing for these threats requires a multifaceted approach that includes assessing pathogen threat, building flexible capabilities for rapid medical countermeasure (MCM) development, and exercising, maintaining, and improving those response capabilities. The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) promotes the advanced development of MCMs in response to natural and manmade threats.

Neoantigen mRNA vaccines and AA receptor antagonism: A strategy to enhance T cell immunity.

Although neo-antigen mRNA vaccines are promising for personalized cancer therapy, their effectiveness is often limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The adenosine AA receptor (AAR) inhibits dendritic cell (DC) function and weakens antitumor T cell responses through hypoxia-driven mechanisms within the TME. This review explores a novel strategy combining neo-antigen mRNA vaccines with AAR antagonists (AARi).

Brief Ectopic Banking and Immediate Plate Fixation With Free Omental Flap Addresses Multiple Fundamental Problems for Single-Stage Replant of Transhumeral Amputation.

High-velocity traumatic amputations of the proximal upper extremity are devastating to the patient and represent an extreme surgical challenge to the treatment team. The hand surgeon must simultaneously battle devascularization with timely microvascular anastomosis, gross contamination with meticulous debridement, and amputation with stable fixation. In restoring a functional extremity, many of these goals are in contention with each other.

It's Not Too Late: Physical and Social Activity Slow Cognitive Decline in Those Living With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Current evidence concerning the effect of physical activity and social engagement on cognitive functioning in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is underdeveloped. Drawing upon cognitive reserve theory, we used linear mixed models to investigate the impact of physical activity and social engagement on cognitive functioning in older adults living with MCI utilizing 16 years of data from the Health and Retirement Study ( = 1462). The average cognitive score (sum of immediate and delayed word recall, serial seven subtraction test, counting backwards, range: 0-27) at baseline was 9.

Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel c-Met Degraders for Lung Cancer Therapy.

Cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is an attractive target for treating multiple cancers. Despite plentiful c-Met inhibitors have been developed, some issues, including the acquired drug resistance to c-Met inhibitors, have emerged to hamper their application in clinical treatment. Degradation of c-Met offers an opportunity to solve these issues.

Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning on the Form and Function of Red Blood Cells in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a simple and low-cost intervention that is thought to increase collateral blood flow through the vasodilatory effects of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelium and red blood cells (RBCs). This study aims to investigate whether RIC affects RBC deformability and levels of NO and nitrite in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods: This is a predefined substudy to the RESIST (Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Patients With Acute Stroke Trial) randomized clinical trial conducted in Denmark.

EXPRESS: Implementation of telepsychiatry in an urban pediatric satellite emergency department (ED).

While pediatric mental health emergencies are increasing in frequency and severity, psychiatric resources remain concentrated in tertiary care facilities. Telepsychiatry has successfully mitigated these challenges in rural emergency departments (EDs), suggesting potential benefits for urban EDs that lack psychiatric resources. We implemented telepsychiatry in an urban ED to reduce ED length of stay and the need for transferring pediatric patients with mental and behavioral health complaints.

Oral behaviors in Chinese temporomandibular disorder patients: insights from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) in Chinese temporomandibular disorder (TMDs) patients and compare the outcomes with those of Western patients. Additionally, it examined the correlations between different OBC subscale scoring methods.

Methods: A total of 869 patients completed a survey that included demographic information, the Symptom Questionnaire, and OBC.