Effect of Combined Direct Current Electric Field and Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Transient Melt Pool in Laser Additive Manufacturing Process.

The application of a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) during a metallurgy solidification process has proven to be an effective method in refining the grain size and improving the mechanical performance of the material. However, fewer works were reported in the realm of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) and the mechanism of grain refinement consequent to the PMF is still unclear. In this work, numerical models were developed to study the thermal-fluid characteristics in the Ti-alloy melt pool generated during the laser scanning process under the effect of a combined direct current (DC) electric field and PMF.

Understanding the Interplay between oHSV and the Host Immune System: Implications for Therapeutic Oncolytic Virus Development.

Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV) preferentially replicate in cancer cells while inducing antitumor immunity, and thus, they are often referred to as in situ cancer vaccines. OHSV infection of tumors elicits diverse host immune responses comprising both innate and adaptive components. Although the innate/adaptive immune responses primarily target the tumor, they also contribute to antiviral immunity, limiting viral replication/oncolysis.

Evaluation and management of pediatric refractory constipation: Recommendations from the NASPGHAN neurogastroenterology and motility committee.

Refractory constipation (RC) in pediatric patients should be recognized as a distinct condition with long-term impacts on patient and family quality of life. RC requires a more targeted diagnostic evaluation and complex management strategy that may involve management by pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility specialists and multidisciplinary teams including surgeons. Currently, there is a lack of a clear definition, evaluation, and management strategies for RC.

Studies of methylated CpG ODN from subsp. in a murine model: Implications for treatment of human allergic disease.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the most effective immunologic form of treatment for patients with atopic allergic diseases commonly used by allergist/immunologists to reduce allergic symptoms by gradually desensitizing the immune system to specific allergens. Currently, the primary mechanism of AIT emphasizes the crucial role of immune regulation, which involves a shift from a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell response, which promotes allergy, to a T-regulatory (Treg) cell population, which inhibits the allergic inflammatory response through the production of immunosuppressive cytokines interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, which play pivotal roles in suppressing the allergic reaction. In a series of previous in vitro and in vivo experiments, we have demonstrated the capacity of synthetic methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) moieties as well as methylated genomic DNA ODN motifs from Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis to activate Treg cell differentiation in contrast to the unmethylated ODN moiety, which promotes proinflammatory responses driven by Th17-mediated responses.

Microglia and Immune cells interactions in multiple sclerosis cognitive impairment: a postmortem study.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is one of the commonest causes of non-traumatic disability among young adults. Impaired cognition arises as an impactful symptom affecting more than 50% of the patients and with substantial impact on social, economic, and individual wellbeing. Despite the lack of therapeutic strategies, many efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms behind cognitive impairment in MS patients.

Aberrant resting-state functional network centrality and cognitive impairment in unmedicated, euthymic bipolar patients.

Background: Cognitive impairment is prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD), and has negative impacts on functional impairments and quality of life, despite euthymic states in most individuals. The underlying neurobiological basis of cognitive impairment in BD is still unclear.

Methods: To further explore potential connectivity abnormalities and their associations with cognitive impairment, we conducted a degree centrality (DC) analysis and DC (seed)-based functional connectivity (FC) approach in unmedicated, euthymic individuals with BD.

Effects of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in Alertness, Associative Learning, and Astrocyte Density.

Purpose: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a prevalent disease caused by high fat and high cholesterol intake, which leads to systemic deterioration. The aim of this research is to conduct a psychobiological exploration of MASH in adult male rats.

Methods: Subjects who were administered a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 14 weeks.

Dissolved metal concentrations in coastal seawater and groundwater in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, USA.

Saipan, the largest and most populated island of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, has coastal areas with high submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and heavy metal pollution of sediments. Here, we measured metal concentrations in coastal Saipan groundwater and surface water and explored spatial correlations with pollution sources. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were highest in inland wells, with 3 wells exceeding USEPA guidelines for Cu or Pb.

The effect of culture on domestic water saving.

Saving domestic water has become one of the most important policy targets in addressing the increasing shortage of fresh water worldwide. Culture plays a significant role in people's behaviors including how they tend to use water at home. This study aims to explore the effect of culture on domestic water saving.

Detecting psychometric and diagnostic performance of the RU_SATED v2.0 multidimensional sleep health scale in community-dwelling adults combining exploratory graph analysis and ROC analysis.

Objective: The RU_SATED scale is increasingly used across the globe to measure sleep health. However, there is a lack of consensus around its psychometric and diagnostic performance. We conducted an empirical investigation into the psychometrics of the Chinese version of the RU_SATED (RU_SATED-C) scale, with a focus on structural validity and diagnostic performance.

Probing Sensorimotor Memory through the Human Speech-Audiomotor System.

Our knowledge of human sensorimotor learning and memory is predominantly based on the visuo-spatial workspace and limb movements. Humans also have a remarkable ability to produce and perceive speech sounds. We asked if the human speech-auditory system could serve as a model to characterize retention of sensorimotor memory in a workspace which is functionally independent of the visuo-spatial one.

Intriguing magnetic and electronic behaviors in La and Ru doped Sr2IrO4.

We report a detailed experimental study of the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of La and Ru doped (Sr1-x Lax)2Ir1-xRuxO4 (x= 0.05, 0.15).

Forming Connections: Functional Brain Connectivity is Associated With Executive Functioning Abilities in Early Childhood.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies with adults provide evidence that functional brain networks, including the default mode network and frontoparietal network, underlie executive functioning (EF). However, given the challenges of using fMRI with infants and young children, little work has assessed the developmental trajectories of these networks or their associations with EF at key developmental stages. More recently, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a promising neuroimaging tool which can provide information on cortical functional networks and can be more easily implemented with young children.

Continuous quantitative electroencephalography for early detection of acute low-pressure obstructive hydrocephalus in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: illustrative case.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is often associated with acute high-pressure hydrocephalus. Less commonly, an acute low-pressure hydrocephalus (ALPH) variant can develop and contribute to increased morbidity. ALPH is particularly challenging to diagnose and manage, as patients present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) despite the absence of corroborating evidence from ICP measurements.

With big data comes big responsibility: Strategies for utilizing aggregated, standardized, de-identified electronic health record data for research.

Electronic health records (EHRs), though they are maintained and utilized for clinical and billing purposes, may provide a wealth of information for research. Currently, sources are available that offer insight into the health histories of well over a quarter of a billion people. Their use, however, is fraught with hazards, including introduction or reinforcement of biases, clarity of disease definitions, protection of patient privacy, definitions of covariates or confounders, accuracy of medication usage compared with prescriptions, the need to introduce other data sources such as vaccination or death records and the ensuing potential for inaccuracy, duplicative records, and understanding and interpreting the outcomes of data queries.

Low-Frequency Noise Related to the Scattering Effect in p-Type Copper(I) Oxide Thin-Film Transistors.

In this study, we investigate the origins of low-frequency noise (LFN) and 1/ noise in CuO thin-film transistors (TFTs). The static direct current (DC) - characterization demonstrates that the channel resistance () contributes significantly to mobility degradation in the TFTs, with channel thickness () controlled through the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process. The 1/ noise followed the Hooge mobility fluctuation (HMF) model, and it was observed that both Coulomb and phonon scattering within the channel, which increased with a decrease in , contributed simultaneously.

Long-term Outcomes of PRP Injections for Post-viral Olfactory Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have previously been shown to benefit coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced smell loss. It is unknown if that benefit is stable over time. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes at 1-year post-intervention.

Type 2 biomarkers in olfactory cleft mucus correlate with SNOT-22 in chronic rhinosinusitis independent of nasal polyp status.

Background: Quantitative mucus cytokine analysis to examine the sinonasal microenvironment may bridge the gap between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and empirical measures of inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Objective: Investigate the correlation between mucus cytokine levels and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, including individual subdomains.

Methods: Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a multi-institutional observational study.

Anti-G evaluations in D- pregnant women determine the need for Rh immune globulin prophylaxis: report of two illustrative cases.

Distinguishing anti-D, anti- C, and anti-G specificities is particularly essential in antenatal cases to ensure proper patient management. The clinical management as well as Rh immune globulin (RhIG) prophylaxis depend on the accurate identification of these distinct antibodies. D- pregnant women with anti-G, but without anti-D, in their serum need RhIG prophylaxis at 28 weeks of gestation, at delivery if the infant is D+, and when clinically indicated to prevent the formation of anti-D and potential hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN).

Comprehensive characterization of MCL-1 in patients with colorectal cancer: Expression, molecular profiles, and outcomes.

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) is a member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 protein family and has anti-apoptotic functions. Deregulation of MCL-1 has been reported in several cancers, including lung and breast cancer. In the present study, the association of MCL-1 expression with molecular features in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been highlighted.

Development and application of decontamination methods for the re-use of laboratory grade plastic pipette tips.

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a need for methods to decontaminate and reuse personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical plastics became a priority. In this investigation we aimed to develop a contamination evaluation protocol for laboratory pipette tips, after decontamination. Decontamination methods tested in this study included cleaning with a common laboratory detergent (2.

(Mis)estimation of the modal number of desired sexual partners.

Misperceptions of the social world can lead to actions and social policy that are detrimental to an individual's or group's well-being. Here we investigate whether misperceptions arise when participants make predictions of the modal number of ideal future sexual partners reported by heterosexual cohorts (younger cohort: 18-23 years; older cohort: 24-29 years). For both men and women and in both cohorts, the modal number of reported partners equaled 1.

Molecular mechanism governing the plasticity of use-dependent spike broadening in dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Use-dependent spike broadening (UDSB) results from inactivation of the voltage-gated K (Kv) channels that regulate the repolarization of the action potential. However, the specific signaling and molecular processes that modulate UDSB have remained elusive. Here, we applied an adeno-associated viral vector approach and dynamic clamping to conclusively demonstrate how multisite phosphorylation of the N-terminal inactivation domain (NTID) of the Kv3.