Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Anogenital inflammation is a critical risk factor for HIV acquisition. The primary preventative HIV intervention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is ineffective in blocking transmission in anogenital inflammation. Pre-existing sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and anogenital microbiota dysbiosis are the leading causes of inflammation, where inflammation is extensive and often asymptomatic and undiagnosed.

Biotechnological Phytocomplex of (L.) DC. Enhances Collagen Biosynthesis In Vitro and Improves Skin Elasticity In Vivo.

(L.) DC., commonly known as Japanese pepper, is a deciduous shrub native to East Asia.

HIFU-CCL19/21 Axis Enhances Dendritic Cell Vaccine Efficacy in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Background/objectives: Effectively targeting treatment-resistant tumor cells, particularly cancer stem cells (CSCs) involved in tumor recurrence, remains a major challenge in immunotherapy. This study examines the potential of combining mechanical high-intensity focused ultrasound (M-HIFU) with dendritic cell (DC) vaccines to enhance immune responses against OLFM4-expressing tumors, a CSC marker linked to immune evasion and tumor growth.

Methods: M-HIFU was applied to induce immunogenic cell death by mechanically disrupting tumor cells, releasing tumor-associated antigens and creating an immunostimulatory environment.

Evolutionary Trajectories of Shoots vs. Roots: Plant Volatile Metabolomes Are Richer but Less Structurally Diverse Belowground in the Tropical Tree Genus .

The breadth and depth of plant leaf metabolomes have been implicated in key interactions with plant enemies aboveground. In particular, divergence in plant species chemical composition-amongst neighbors, relatives, or both-is often suggested as a means of escape from insect herbivore enemies. Plants also experience strong pressure from enemies such as belowground pathogens; however, little work has been carried out to examine the evolutionary trajectories of species' specialized chemistries in both roots and leaves.

The Association Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in University Students: The Mediating Role of Lean Mass and the Muscle Strength Index.

Background/objectives: recent studies have suggested that components typical of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are associated with depression and anxiety prevention. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to analyse the associations between adherence to the MedDiet and depression and anxiety symptoms and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by lean mass and the muscle strength index (MSI).

Methods: a cross-sectional study (based on data obtained from the Nuts4Brain-Z study) was conducted from 2023-2024, involving 428 university students, aged 18-30 years, from a Spanish public university.

Processed Food Consumption and Sleep Quality in School-Aged Children: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between processed food consumption and sleep quality among school-aged children.

Methods: Our sample consisted of 137 children, with 52.6% being girls with a mean age of 7.

The Fitness, Rest, and Exercise for Strength and Health (FRESH) Study: A Three-Year Comparison of College Students' Perceived and Measured Health Metrics.

The undergraduate college years are a critical transition period for young adults in establishing life-long health behaviors. : Within the FRESH Study, we aimed to understand the relationship between perceived physical health, perceived mental health, and specific health metrics (e.g.

Diet Quality, Metabolic Syndrome, and Nativity Status: Elucidating Metabolic Advantage and Disadvantage Among Non-US-Native and US-Native Populations Using NHANES Data (2013-2018).

Background/objectives: Nutrient-poor diet quality is a major driver of the global burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The US ranks among the lowest in diet quality and has the highest rate of immigration, which may present unique challenges for non-US-native populations who experience changes in access to health-promoting resources. This study examined associations among MetS, nativity status, diet quality, and interaction effects of race-ethnicity among Hispanic, Asian, Black, and White US-native and non-US-native adults.

Silicone Composites with Electrically Oriented Boron Nitride Platelets and Carbon Microfibers for Thermal Management of Electronics.

This study investigated silicone composites with distributed boron nitride platelets and carbon microfibers that are oriented electrically. The process involved homogenizing and dispersing nano/microparticles in the liquid polymer, aligning the particles with DC and AC electric fields, and curing the composite with IR radiation to trap particles within chains. This innovative concept utilized two fields to align particles, improving the even distribution of carbon microfibers among BN in the chains.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of RuCp(II) Complexes Bearing (Iso)nicotinic Acid Based Ligands.

Background/objectives: Cancer remains one of the major challenges of our century. Organometallic ruthenium complexes are gaining recognition as a highly promising group of compounds in the development of cancer treatments.

Methods: Building on the auspicious results obtained for [Ru(η-CH)(PPh)(bipy)][CFSO] (TM34), our focus has shifted to examining the effects of incorporating bioactive ligands into the TM34 framework, particularly within the cyclopentadienyl ring.

HIV Drug Resistance Profile in Clients Experiencing Treatment Failure After the Transition to a Dolutegravir-Based First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimen in Mozambique.

Real-world data on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) after transitioning to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) are limited. We assessed HIVDR rates and patterns in clients with virological failure (VF) after switching from an NNRTI-based regimen to TLD. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gaza, Mozambique (August 2021-February 2022), including adults on first-line ART for ≥12 months who transitioned to TLD and had unsuppressed viral load (VL) ≥ 1000 copies/mL six months post-transition.

In Vivo Imaging of Cardiac Attachment of TcI and TcII Variants of in a Zebrafish Model.

, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is a parasite known for its diverse genotypic variants, or Discrete Typing Units (DTUs), which have been associated with varying degrees of tissue involvement. However, aspects such as parasite attachment remain unclear. It has been suggested that the TcI genotype is associated with cardiac infection, the most common involved site in chronic human infection, while TcII is associated with digestive tract involvement.

A Reusable Capillary Flow-Driven Microfluidic System for Abscisic Acid Detection Using a Competitive Immunoassay.

Point-of-care (PoC) devices offer a promising solution for fast, portable, and easy-to-use diagnostics. These characteristics are particularly relevant in agrifood fields like viticulture where the early detection of plant stresses is crucial to crop yield. Microfluidics, with its low reagent volume requirements, is well-suited for such applications.

Understanding the Prevalence of Medial Arterial Calcification Among Complex Reconstructive Patients: Insights from a Decade of Experience at a Tertiary Limb Salvage Center.

: Medial arterial calcification (MAC), a distinct form of vascular pathology frequently coexisting with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), poses unique challenges in limb salvage among patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. This study examines the incidence of MAC and its impact on limb salvage outcomes over a decade of experience at a tertiary limb salvage center. : A retrospective review of all complex lower extremity (LE) reconstructions using local flap (LF) or free tissue transfer (FTT), performed from July 2011 to September 2022, was conducted.

Supermicrosurgical Vascular Anastomosis-A Comparative Study of Lumen-Enhancing Visibility Techniques.

: The development of microsurgical techniques has enabled reconstructive versatility in various clinical scenarios. Supermicrosurgery is an advanced microsurgical technique ensuring precise reconstructions by operating on small-caliber vessels and nerves, with applications in reconstructive surgeries. : This study aims to compare the effectiveness of four low-cost training models, thereby improving surgical precision and reducing the learning curve for novice surgeons.

Assessing Attitudes and Perceptions of High-Risk, Low-Resource Communities Towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Public-Access Defibrillation.

Layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use are vital for improving survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet their application varies by community demographics. We evaluated the concerns and factors influencing willingness to perform CPR and use AEDs among laypersons in high-risk, low-resource communities. From April 2022 to March 2024, laypersons in Northern Manhattan's Community District 12 completed surveys assessing their attitudes toward CPR and AED use before attending Hands-Only CPR training.

Neuroinflammation: A Driving Force in the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease.

: The goal of this commentary is to highlight several key components of the inflammatory process as it relates to amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the role of neuroinflammatory factors and peripheral inflammatory events. : Google Scholar and PubMed were used to find articles with the following keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloids, neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, microglia, cytokines, and treatments. Sources that were case reports, not peer-reviewed, or older than 30 years were excluded.

Magnetically Diluted Dy and Yb Squarates Showing Relaxation Tuning and Matrix Dependence.

A new compound [Y(sq)(HO)] (Y-sq; sq = squarate (CO)) was prepared and structurally characterized. Since the RE-sq family (RE = Y, Dy, Yb, Lu) gave isostructural crystals, the objective of this study is to explore the effects of diamagnetic dilution on the SIM behavior through systematic investigation and comparison of diamagnetically diluted and undiluted forms. The 1%-Diluted Dy compounds, Dy@Y-sq and Dy@Lu-sq, showed AC magnetic susceptibility peaks without any DC bias field (), whereas undiluted Dy-sq showed no AC out-of-phase response under the same conditions.

Harnessing Insect Chemosensory and Mechanosensory Receptors Involved in Feeding for Precision Pest Management.

Chemosensation and mechanosensation are vital to insects' survival and behavior, shaping critical physiological processes such as feeding, metabolism, mating, and reproduction. During feeding, insects rely on diverse chemosensory and mechanosensory receptors to distinguish between nutritious and harmful substances, enabling them to select suitable food sources while avoiding toxins. These receptors are distributed across various body parts, allowing insects to detect environmental cues about food quality and adjust their behaviors accordingly.

Equation for Calculation of Critical Current Density Using the Bean's Model with Self-Consistent Magnetic Units to Prevent Unit Conversion Errors.

This study analyzes the calculation of the critical current density by means of Bean's critical state model, using the equation formulated by Gyorgy et al. and other similar equations derived from it reported in the literature. While estimations of using Bean's model are widely performed, improper use of different equations with different magnetic units and pre-factors leads to confusion and to significant errors in the reported values of .

The Influence of Terfenol-D Content on the Structure and Properties of Multiferroic Composites Obtained Based on PZT-Type Material and Terfenol-D.

In this work, three composite materials based on Terfenol-D and PZT-type material were obtained with a classic sintering method using a combination of 0-3 phases, where the ferroelectric phase was doped PZT material (P) and the magnetic phase was Terfenol-D (T). The percentage of P and T components in the composites was variable, i.e.

The Effects of Disturbance on Plant-Pollinator Interactions in the Native Forests of an Oceanic Island (Terceira, Azores).

The native biodiversity of oceanic islands is threatened by human-driven disturbance and by the growing number of species introductions which often interfere with natural ecological processes. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on plant-pollinator interactions in the native forest communities of an oceanic island (Terceira, Azores, Portugal). We found that native species predominated in preserved sites compared to disturbed ones and that the extant plant-pollinator interactions were mostly dominated by generalist species.

Integrated Pest Management of Wireworms in Potatoes: Use of Tolerant Varieties to Implement Damage Prevention.

Wireworms ( spp., Coleoptera, Elateridae) are a major threat to potatoes, as are the current commercial standards for assessing potato damage. To reduce wireworm impacts on potato crops and comply with IPM legislation, we started research to assess the potential for new Italian 4x-breeding clones to reduce wireworm feeding on daughter tubers.

Sequential Obtention of Blood-Brain Barrier-Permeable Non-Polar and Polar Compounds from L. and Labill. with Neuroprotective Purposes.

This study investigates the biorefinery approach to extracting blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable compounds from Labill. and L. for neuroprotective purposes.

MYC Overexpression Enhances Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

MEK inhibitors, such as trametinib, have shown therapeutic potential in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the factors influencing cancer cell sensitivity and resistance to MEK inhibition remain poorly understood. In our study, we observed that MEK inhibition significantly reduced the expression of MYC, a transcription factor critical for the therapeutic response.